Генетическая основа болезни Паркинсона

Болезнь Паркинсона (БП) является мультифакторным заболеванием, в развитии которого играют роль как генетические, так и внешние факторы. В последние годы накоплено достаточно сведений, свидетельствующих о роли генетической предрасположенности в развитии не только семейных, но и спорадических случаев заболевания. Наследственная отягощенность при БП может не прослеживаться в случаях рецессивного наследования, при низкой пенетрантности гена, а также смерти пациента до дебюта заболевания. Активное внедрение молекулярно-генетических методов исследования, включая секвенирование нового поколения, позволяет ежегодно выявлять новые генные мутации, лежащие в основе спорадических случаев БП. В настоящей статье представлен обзор современной литературы, посвященной генетическим аспектам БП, сделан акцент на этнических особенностях заболевания.

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