Venous thromboses and thromboembolism in acute stroke: risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2013-2448
Abstract
Stroke patients among all patients with somatic diseases are at one of the highest risks for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The proven risk factors for venous thrombosis in stroke are prolonged immobilization, elderly age, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and inherited coagulopathies. If no drug prevention is done, the course of stroke is complicated by deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in 75% of the immobilized patients and pulmonary thromboembolism develops in 20%. At present there are mechanical, pharmacological, and combined DVT prevention strategies that may considerably lower the rate of pulmonary embolism. In stroke patients, the use of low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) reduces the
risk of DVT, without increasing the risk of hemorrhagic complications. Novel oral anticoagulants used to treat venous thrombosis and VTE in stroke patients are an equivalent alternative to LMWH therapy. Treatment with novel oral anticoagulants to prevent recurrent VTE is effective and safe and may be continued up to 1–2 years.
About the Authors
Andrei Viktorovich Fonyakin
Neurology Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
L A Geraskina
Neurology Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
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For citations:
Fonyakin AV, Geraskina LA. Venous thromboses and thromboembolism in acute stroke: risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2013;5(4):4-9. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2013-2448
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