Обзор интерферонов человека и потенциал их применения в комплексной терапии новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19

Интерфероны (ИФН) были впервые обнаружены более 60 лет назад в классическом эксперименте Айзекса и Линденмана, показавшем, что ИФН I типа обладают противовирусной активностью. ИФН нашли широкое применение в лечении рассеянного склероза, вирусных гепатитов B и C, а также некоторых форм онкологических заболеваний. Предварительные клинические данные подтверждают эффективность ИФН I типа против потенциальных пандемических вирусов, таких как Эбола и SARS. Тем не менее в лечении подобных заболеваний нашли свое место более эффективные и специфические лекарственные средства. В связи с развитием пандемии COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) вновь обсуждается возможность использования ИФН I типа в качестве одного из основных патогенетических препаратов, а первоначальные клинические испытания продемонстрировали многообещающие результаты в отношении снижения тяжести и продолжительности COVID-19. Хотя SARS-CoV-2 ингибирует продукцию ИФН-β и препятствует полноценному врожденному иммунному ответу на этот вирус, он чувствителен к противовирусной активности вводимого извне ИФН I типа. В обзоре приведены современные данные о классификации и механизмах действия ИФН. Обсуждаются возможные варианты оптимального использования ИФН в борьбе с COVID-19.

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