The effect of sleep duration on the risk of diabetes mellitus in an open population of men aged 45–64 years (international epidemiological studies)

Objective: to study the effect of sleep duration on the 16-year risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in an open population of men aged 45–64 years living in Novosibirsk.
Patients and methods. In 2003–2005 during the IV screening (HAPIEE project), a representative sample of men aged 45–69 years (n=781; mean age – 56.48±0.2 years, response rate – 61%) was examined. A standard clinical and epidemiological examination was carried out: sleep duration was assessed using the Jenkins scale, the level of state-trait anxiety (STA) – using the Spielberger self-assessment scale, depression, life exhaustion, family and workplace stress – with MONICA-MOPSY scales. Social support was assessed with Berkman–Syme Social Network Index. The cohort was followed up for 16 years.
Results and discussion. In the studied population of men aged 45–64 years, the most common sleep duration was 7 hours (44.7%), in second place – 8 hours of sleep (27.6%), in third place – 6 hours of sleep (16.4%). Among people with newly diagnosed DM, 7-hour sleep prevailed – 39.2%, 6- and 8-hour sleep – 25.3% each (÷2=7.774; df=5; p>0.05). In men with 5–6 hours of sleep, compared with men sleeping for 7–8 hours, we found a 1.72-fold increased 16-year risk of developing diabetes (95% CI 1.066–2.776; p<0.05), and in men aged 45–54 years – a 1.868-fold increase (95% CI 1.089–3.927; p<0.05). In the Cox-proportional multivariate model, an independent effect on the diabetes risk was observed for: 5–6 hours of sleep at night: hazard ratio (HR) 1.561 (95% CI 1.063–2.83; p<0.001), depression (HR 1.767; 95% CI 1.058–2.952; p<0.05), life exhaustion (HR 1.511; 95% CI 1.266–2.984; p<0.05), and low and medium-1 SNI (HR 1.956; 95% CI 1.074–3.560; p<0.05).
Conclusion. Short and very short sleep duration could be defined as a major risk factor of DM.

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