Патобиохимические пути развития редокс-дисбаланса при неврологических долгосрочных эффектах COVID-19 и роль хондроитина сульфата в восстановлении редокс-статуса

В обзоре рассмотрены эпидемиология и клинические проявления неврологических долгосрочных эффектов COVID-19, основные патобиохимические механизмы и интегральные схемы нарушения редокс-статуса при COVID-19, такие как уменьшение выработки аденозинтрифосфата, снижение уровней жирных кислот, ацилкарнитина и аминокислот, нарушение окислительного фосфорилирования, нарушение гликолиза, гипометаболическое состояние, редокс-дисбаланс с повышением уровней пероксидов и супероксидов, изопростанов, снижением концентраций α-токоферола, веществ, реагирующих с тиобарбитуровой кислотой, повышенный нитрозативный стресс с увеличением индуцибельной синтазы оксида азота, оксида азота, пероксинитрита и нитрата. Представлены нейропротективные подходы, направленные на подавление эксайтотоксичности, оксидативного стресса и нейровоспаления. Проанализированы современные данные о взаимосвязи механизмов возникновения нейропротективных эффектов хондроитина сульфата и его производных (дисахарид гликопротеина хондроитина сульфата) и особенностей их химической структуры. Обсуждаются механизм действия и нейропротективные эффекты хондроитина сульфата и его производных при синдроме усталости у пациентов, перенесших инфекцию SARS-CoV2 (регуляция активности сигнального пути PKC/PI3K/Akt, увеличение уровня гемооксигеназы-1, уменьшение активных форм кислорода). Аргументирована позиция, согласно которой хондроитина сульфат и его производные могут стать перспективным средством лекарственной профилактики неврологических долгосрочных эффектов COVID-19.

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