Biological markers of Alzheimer's disease in cerebrospinal fluid: clinical and laboratory comparisons
K. V. Shevtsova,
D. O. Rozhkov,
D. A. Grishina,
V. V. Grinyuk,
V. V. Zakharov,
N. M. Kashakanova,
N. N. Koberskaya,
O. V. Kosivtsova,
A. B. Lokshina,
Yu. A. Starchina,
A. Yu. Tyurina,
A. Yu. Fedorova,
V. A. Parfenov https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2024-3-96-102
Abstract
Diagnostic hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is based on the typical clinical picture of the disease and the exclusion of other diseases manifesting by cognitive and behavioural disorders by MRI scans of the brain and laboratory tests. For an accurate diagnosis of AD and exclusion of other diseases, detection of biological markers (biomarkers) of AD in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is of great importance: a decrease in the level of beta-amyloid (Ав^ -42) and an increase in the level of phosphorylated tau protein. The analysis of AD biomarkers in the CSF of 63 patients (16 men and 47 women, mean age 72±8.7 years) with a typical picture of AD [30 patients in the moderate cognitive impairment (MCI) stage and 33 in the mild dementia stage] allowed us to confirm the diagnosis in 54 cases (85.3%) and to exclude it in the remaining nine patients (14.7%). We present a case of a 59-year-old patient with MCI in whom biomarkers typical of AD were detected in the CSF, confirming the diagnosis of AD. We also present the observations of two patients with possible AD, in whom the results of the CSF examination made it possible to rule out AD and indicated hippocampal sclerosis and tauopathy. At present, an accurate diagnosis of AD based on the study of biomarkers of the disease is of great practical importance, since at the stage of MCI and mild dementia it is possible to prevent the progression of AD with anti-amyloid therapy. Currently, AD is rarely diagnosed in our country, so it is of great importance to inform physicians about modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of AD.
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease,
biological markers of Alzheimer's disease in cerebrospinal fluid,
hippocampal sclerosis,
anti-amyloid therapy
Supporting agencies: The article is sponsored by Roche.
About the Authors
K. V. Shevtsova
A.Ya. Kozhevnikov Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021
Competing Interests:
The conflict of interests did not affect the results of the study.
D. O. Rozhkov
A.Ya. Kozhevnikov Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021
Competing Interests:
The conflict of interests did not affect the results of the study.
D. A. Grishina
A.Ya. Kozhevnikov Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021
Competing Interests:
The conflict of interests did not affect the results of the study.
V. V. Grinyuk
A.Ya. Kozhevnikov Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021
Competing Interests:
The conflict of interests did not affect the results of the study.
V. V. Zakharov
A.Ya. Kozhevnikov Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021
Competing Interests:
The conflict of interests did not affect the results of the study.
N. M. Kashakanova
A.Ya. Kozhevnikov Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021
Competing Interests:
The conflict of interests did not affect the results of the study.
N. N. Koberskaya
A.Ya. Kozhevnikov Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021
Competing Interests:
The conflict of interests did not affect the results of the study.
O. V. Kosivtsova
A.Ya. Kozhevnikov Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021
Competing Interests:
The conflict of interests did not affect the results of the study.
A. B. Lokshina
A.Ya. Kozhevnikov Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021
Competing Interests:
The conflict of interests did not affect the results of the study.
Yu. A. Starchina
A.Ya. Kozhevnikov Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021
Competing Interests:
The conflict of interests did not affect the results of the study.
A. Yu. Tyurina
A.Ya. Kozhevnikov Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021
Competing Interests:
The conflict of interests did not affect the results of the study.
A. Yu. Fedorova
A.Ya. Kozhevnikov Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021
Competing Interests:
The conflict of interests did not affect the results of the study.
V. A. Parfenov
A.Ya. Kozhevnikov Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Vladimir A. Parfenov.
11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021
Competing Interests:
The conflict of interests did not affect the results of the study.
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For citations:
Shevtsova KV, Rozhkov DO, Grishina DA, Grinyuk VV, Zakharov VV, Kashakanova NM, Koberskaya NN, Kosivtsova OV, Lokshina AB, Starchina YA, Tyurina AY, Fedorova AY, Parfenov VA. Biological markers of Alzheimer's disease in cerebrospinal fluid: clinical and laboratory comparisons. Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2024;16(3):96-102. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2024-3-96-102
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