Preview

Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics

Advanced search

The key areas of medical therapy for ischemic stroke

https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2013-2416

Full Text:

Abstract

The paper considers the main therapeutic and preventive areas of management of patients with stroke, which are relied on evidence-based medicine data. To treat stroke patients is a multistep and multidisciplinary problem that starts with the emergence of the first neurological symptoms and extends over the entire life. Each period, including factors, such as the pattern of prehospital first medical aid; the rate of patient delivery to hospital; further actions of medical staff; measures for the prevention of recurrent cerebral ischemic events, cardiac complications, and cognitive disorders, is of importance in itself and serves a common aim. All efforts must aim eventually to reduce death rates in acute stroke, patient functional dependence, and recurrent brain damage rates, to prevent and timely treat cognitive impairments, to strictly adhere to the principles of secondary treatment of cardiovascular events in order to increase life expectancy and quality.

References

1. <div><p>Инсульт: диагностика, лечение, профилактика. Под ред. З.А. Суслиной, М.А. Пирадова. М.: МЕДпресс-информ 2009;288 с.</p><p>Гусев Е.И., Скворцова В.И., Стаховская Л.В. и др. Эпидемиология инсульта в России. Cons med 2005;1:5—7.</p><p>Barba R., Martinez-Espinosa S., Rodrigez-Garcia E. Poststroke dementia: clinical features and risk factors. Stroke 2000;31:1494-501.</p><p>The European Stroke Organization (ESO) Executive Committee and the ESO Writing Committee: Guidelines for management of ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attacks 2008. Cerebrovasc Dis 2008;25:457—507.</p><p>Wang M.Y., Lavine S.D., Soukiasian H. et al. Treating stroke as a medical emergency: a survey of resident physicians' attitudes toward «brain attack» and carotid endarterectomy. Neurosurgery 2001;48:1109—15.</p><p>NINDS rt-PA Stroke Study Group: A systems approach to immediate evaluation and management of hyperacute stroke. Experience at eight centers and implications for community practice and patient care. The national institute of neurological disorders and stroke (ninds) rt-pa stroke study group. Stroke 1997;28:1530—40.</p><p>Jauch E.C., Saver J.L., Adams H.P et al. Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2013;44(2): in press.</p><p>Ronning O.M., Guldvog B., Stavem K. The benefit of an acute stroke unit in patients with intracranial haemorrhage: A controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001;70:631—4.</p><p>Candelise L., Gattinoni M., Bersano A. et al. Stroke-unit care for acute stroke patients: An observational follow-up study. Lancet 2007;369:299—305.</p><p>Moodie M., Cadilhac D., Pearce D. et al. Economic evaluation of australian stroke services: A prospective, multicenter study comparing dedicated stroke units with other care modalities. Stroke 2006;37:2790—95.</p><p>Dewey H.M., Sherry L.J., Collier J.M. Stroke rehabilitation 2007: What should it be? Int J of Stroke 2007;2:191—200.</p><p>The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group: Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. New Engl J Med 1995;333:1581—87.</p><p>Wardlaw J.M., Zoppo G., Yamaguchi T., Berge E. Thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003:CD000213.</p><p>Skvortsova V.I., Stakhovskaya L.V., Shamalov N.A. et al. Results of implementation of intravenous thrombolysis in stroke patients in the Russian Federation in 2009—2010: Data of hospital registry. Cerebrovasc Dis 2011;31(Suppl 2):48.</p><p>CAST (Chinese Acute Stroke Trial) Collaborative Group. CAST: randomized placebo-controlled trial of early aspirin use in 20 000 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Lancet 1997;349:1641—49.</p><p>IST (International Stroke Trial) Collaborative Group. The International Stroke Trial (IST): a randomized trial of aspirin, subcutaneous heparin, both, or neither among 19,435 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Lancet 1997;349:1569—81.</p><p>Chen Z.M., Sandercock P., Pan H.C. et al. Indication for early aspirin use in acute ischemic stroke. A combined analysis of 40 000 randomized patients from the Chinese Acute Stroke Trial and the International Stroke Trial. Stroke 2000;31:1240—49.</p><p>Практическая кардионеврология. Под ред. З.А. Суслиной, А.В. Фонякина. М.: ИМА-ПРЕСС, 2010;304 с.</p><p>Schrader J., Luders S., Kulschewski A. et al. for the Acute Candesartan Cilexetil Therapy in Stroke Survivors Study Group. The ACCESS study: evaluation of Acute Candesartan Cilexetil Therapy in Stroke Survivors. Stroke 2003;34:1699—703.</p><p>Potter J.F., Robinson T.G., Ford G.A. et al. Controlling hypertension and hypotension immediately post-stroke (CHHIPS): a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot trial. Lancet Neurol 2009;8:48—56.</p><p>Нейропротекция: модели, механизмы, терапия. Под. ред. М. Бара. Пер. с англ. М.: Бином. Лаборатория знаний, 2011;429 с.</p><p>Shuaib A., Lees K.R., Lyden P et al. NXY-059 for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2007;357:562—71.</p><p>Muir K.W., Lees K.R., Ford I., Davis S. Magnesium for acute stroke (intravenous magnesium efficacy in stroke trial): Randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2004;363:439—45.</p><p>Cho H.J., Kim Y.J. Efficacy and safety of oral citicoline in acute ischemic stroke: drug surveillance study in 4,191 cases. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2009;31:171—6.</p><p>Clark W.M., Wechsler L.R., Sabounjian L.A. et al. A phase III randomized efficacy trial of 2000 mg citicoline in acute ischemic stroke patients. Neurol 2001;57:1595—602.</p><p>Davalos A., Castillo J., Alvarez-Sabin J. et al. Oral citicoline in acute ischemic stroke: An individual patient data pooling analysis of clinical trials. Stroke 2002;33:2850—57.</p><p>Davalos A., Alvarez-Sabin J., Castillo J. et al. Citicoline in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke: an international, randomized, multicentre, placebocontrolled study (ICTUS trial). Lancet 2012;380:349—57.</p><p>Парфенов В.А Цитиколин при ишемическом инсульте: исследование ICTUS. Неврол нейропсихиатр психосом 2012;4:71—76.</p><p>Hankey G.J. How effective is citicoline for acute ischaemic stroke? Lancet 2012;380:318—20.</p><p>Furie K.L., Kasner S.E., Adams R.J. et al. Guidelines for prevention of stroke in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. AHA/ASA Guideline. Stroke 2011;42:227—76.</p><p>Яхно Н.Н. Когнитивные нарушения при инсульте. М.: Антидор, 2006;214 с.</p><p>Чердак М.А., Парфенов В.А. Когнитивные расстройства у пациентов, перенесших ишемический инсульт. Неврол журн 2011;6:37—44.</p><p>Leys D., Henon H., Mackowiak-Cordo-liani M.A., Pasquier F Poststroke dementia. Lancet Neurol 2005;4:752—9.</p><p>Ballard C., Rowan E., Stephens S. et al. Prospective follow-up study between 3 and 15 months after stroke: Improvements and decline in cognitive function among dementia-free stroke survivors &gt;75 years of age. Stroke 2003;34:2440—44.</p><p>Nys G.M., van Zandvoort M.J., de Kort P.L. et al. The prognostic value of domain-specific cognitive abilities in acute first-ever stroke. Neurol 2005;64:821—7.</p><p>Roman G.S. Stroke, cognitive decline and vascular dementia — the silent epidemic of 21st century. Neuroepidemiology 2003;22:161—4.</p><p>Gamaldo A., Moghekar A., Kilada S. et al. Effect of a clinical stroke on the risk of dementia in a prospective cohort. Neurol 2006;67:1363—69.</p><p>Rashid R., Leonardi-Bee J., Bath Ph. Blood pressure reduction and secondary prevention of stroke and other vascular events. A systematic review. Stroke 2003;34:2741—9.</p><p>PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Randomized trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 2001;358:1033—41.</p><p>Schrader J.S., Luders S., Kulschewski A. et al. Morbidity and mortality after stroke, eprosartan compared with nitrendipine for secondary prevention principal results of a prospective randomized controlled study (MOSES). Stroke 2005;36:1218—26.</p><p>Суслина З.А., Танашян М.М., Домашенко М.А. Антитромботическая терапия ишемических нарушений мозгового кровообращения. М.: МИА, 2009;224 с.</p><p>Furie K.L., Goldstein L. B., Albers G.W. et al. Oral Antithrombotic Agents for the Prevention of Stroke in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Science Advisory for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2012;43:3442—53.</p><p>Nilsson S.E., Johansson B., Takkinen S. et al. Does aspirin protect against Alzheimer’s dementia? A study in a Swedish population-based sample aged &gt; or = 80 years. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2003;59:313—9.</p><p>Kang J.H., Cook N., Manson J. et al. Low dose aspirin and cognitive function in the Women’s Health Study cognitive cohort. BMJ 2007;334:987.</p><p>Knecht S., Oelschlager Ch., Duning Th. et al. Atrial fibrillation in stroke-free patients is associated with memory impairment and hippocampal atrophy. Eur Heart J 2008;29:2125—32.</p><p>Amarenco P., Bogousslavsky J., Callahan A. 3rd et al., for the SPARCL investigators. Highdose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med 2006;355:549-59</p><p>Nyenhuis D.L., Gorelick P.B., Geenen E.J. et al. The pattern of neuropsychological deficits in vascular cognitive impairment С no dementia (vascular CIND). Clin Neuropsychol 2004;18:41-9.</p><p>Gorelick Ph.B., Scuteri A., Black S.E. et al. Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2011;42:2672-713.</p><p>Захаров В.В., Яхно В.В. Нарушения памяти. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2003;160 с.</p><p>Erkinjuntti T., Roman G., Gauthier S. et al. Emerging therapies for vascular dementia and vascular cognitive impairment. Stroke 2004;35:1010-17.</p><p>Spiers P.A., Myers D., Hochanadel G.S. et al. Citicoline improves verbal memory in aging. Arch Neurol 1996;53:441-8.</p><p>Hurtado O., Moro M.A., Cordenas A et al. Neuroprotection afforded by prior citicoline administration in experimental brain ischemia: effects on glutamate transport. Neurobiol Dis 2005;18:336-45.</p><p>Климов Л.В., Парфенов В.А. Когнитивные нарушения в остром периоде ишемического инсульта. Неврол журн 2006;1:53-7.</p><p>Kavirajan H., Schneider L.S. Efficacy and adverse effects of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine in vascular dementia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lancet Neurol 2007;6:782-92.</p><p>Buchmayer F., Pleiner J., Elmlinger M.W. et al. Актовегин: биологический препарат с полувековой историей. Фарматека 2012;6:34-1.</p><p>Saletu B., Grunberger J., Linzmayer L. et al. EEG brain mapping and psychometry in age-associated memory impairment after acute and 2-week infusions with the hemoderivative Actovegin: double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Neurophychobiology 1990/1991;24:135—48.</p><p>Herrmann W.M., Bohn-Olszewsky W.J., Kuntz G. Infusionstherapie mit Actovegin bei Patienten mit ptimar degenerativer Demenz vom Alzheimer Typ und Multiinfarkt Demenz. Z Geriatrie 1992;5:46-55.</p><p>Oswald W.D., Steger W., Oswald B. et al. Increase of fluid cognitive components as an aspect in evaluation drug efficacy. A double-controlled study with Actovegin. Z Gerontopsychol Psichiatr 1991;4:209-20.</p><p>Semlitsch H.V., Anderer P., Saletu B. Hochmayer I. Topographic mapping of cognitive event-related potentials in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with the hemoderivative actovegin in age-associated memory impairment. Neuropsychobiology 1990/91;24:49—56.</p></div><br />


Review

For citations:


Fonyakin A.V., Geraskina L.A. The key areas of medical therapy for ischemic stroke. Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2013;5(2):64-69. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2013-2416

Views: 728


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 2074-2711 (Print)
ISSN 2310-1342 (Online)