<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2016-2-113-116</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-618</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Neuroimmunological mechanisms of chronic pain syndrome</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нейроиммунологические механизмы формирования хронического болевого синдрома</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вышлова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vyshlova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики</p><p>355017, Ставрополь, ул. Мира, 310</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics</p><p>310, Mir Street, Stavropol 355017 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irisha2801@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпов</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpov</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики</p><p>355017, Ставрополь, ул. Мира, 310</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics</p><p>310, Mir Street, Stavropol 355017 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стародубцев</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starodubtsev</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики</p><p>355017, Ставрополь, ул. Мира, 310</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics</p><p>310, Mir Street, Stavropol 355017 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Ставрополь</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Stavropol State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Stavropol</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>113</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Vyshlova I.A., Karpov S.M., Starodubtsev A.I., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вышлова И.А., Карпов С.М., Стародубцев А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vyshlova I.A., Karpov S.M., Starodubtsev A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/618">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/618</self-uri><abstract><p>The article considers the mechanisms of chronic low back pain. Three pathophysiological mechanisms: nociceptive, neurogenic (neuropathic), and psychogenic are noted to be involved in the development of pain syndrome. The role of cellular and molecular changes in the posterior horn and in the somatosensory dysregulated mechanism of neuropathic pain is shown. Immunological processes, including neurohumoral (serotoninergic) and hormonal (sex hormones and specific proteins) ones, play an important role in the development of pain. The generalization and further study of these mechanisms are embodied in approaches to therapy for pain syndromes and hence these require analysis and further investigation. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рассматриваются механизмы формирования хронической боли в нижней части спины. Отмечено участие в развитии болевого синдрома трех патофизиологических механизмов: ноцицептивного, нейрогенного (невропатического) и психогенного. Показана роль клеточных и молекулярных изменений в заднем роге спинного мозга, соматосенсорном и дизрегуляционном механизме невропатической боли. Важную роль в формировании боли играют иммунологические процессы, в том числе нейрогуморальные (серотонинергические), гормональные (половые гормоны, специфические белки). Обобщение и изучение данных механизмов находит отражение в подходах к терапии болевых синдромов и, следовательно, требует анализа и дальнейшего исследования. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ноцицептивная</kwd><kwd>невропатическая</kwd><kwd>психогенная боль</kwd><kwd>иммунологические механизмы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nociceptive</kwd><kwd>neuropathic</kwd><kwd>psychogenic pain</kwd><kwd>immunological mechanisms</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кукушкин МЛ, Хитров НК. Общая патология боли. Москва: Медицина; 2004. 144 с. [Kukushkin ML, Khitrov NK. Obshchaya patologiya boli [General pathology of pain]. Moscow: Meditsina; 2004. 144 p.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кукушкин МЛ, Хитров НК. Общая патология боли. Москва: Медицина; 2004. 144 с. [Kukushkin ML, Khitrov NK. Obshchaya patologiya boli [General pathology of pain]. Moscow: Meditsina; 2004. 144 p.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merskey H, Bogduk N, editors. Classification of chronic pain: descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms prepared by International Association for the Study of Pain, Task Force on Taxonomy. 2nd ed. Seattle: IASPPress; 1994. 222 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merskey H, Bogduk N, editors. Classification of chronic pain: descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms prepared by International Association for the Study of Pain, Task Force on Taxonomy. 2nd ed. Seattle: IASPPress; 1994. 222 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McMahon SB, Koltzenburg M, editors. Wall and Melzack's Textbook of Pain. 5th ed. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005. 1239 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McMahon SB, Koltzenburg M, editors. Wall and Melzack's Textbook of Pain. 5th ed. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005. 1239 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang XJ, Ye M, Zhang YH, Chen SD. CD200-CD200R regulation of microglia activation in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2007 Sep;2(3): 259-64. Epub 2007 May 18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang XJ, Ye M, Zhang YH, Chen SD. CD200-CD200R regulation of microglia activation in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2007 Sep;2(3): 259-64. Epub 2007 May 18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кукушкин МЛ. Механизмы развития и принципы этиопатогенетической терапии хронической боли. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2012:(2);89- 94. [Kukushkin ML. Mechanisms of development and principles of etiopathogenetic therapy of chronic pain. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2012:(2);89-94. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кукушкин МЛ. Механизмы развития и принципы этиопатогенетической терапии хронической боли. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2012:(2);89- 94. [Kukushkin ML. Mechanisms of development and principles of etiopathogenetic therapy of chronic pain. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2012:(2);89-94. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Milligan ED, Twining C, Chacur M, et al. Spinal glia and proinflammatory cytokines mediate mirror-image neuropathic pain in rats. J Neurosci. 2003 Feb 1;23(3):1026-40. DOI:10.1186/1744-8069-4-65</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milligan ED, Twining C, Chacur M, et al. Spinal glia and proinflammatory cytokines mediate mirror-image neuropathic pain in rats. J Neurosci. 2003 Feb 1;23(3):1026-40. DOI:10.1186/1744-8069-4-65</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamamoto Y, Terayama R, Kishimoto N, et al. Activated microglia contribute to convergent nociceptive inputs to spinal dorsal horn neurons and the development of neuropathic pain. Neurochem Res. 2015 May;40(5):1000-12. doi: 10.1007/s11064-015-1555-8. Epub 2015 Mar 18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamamoto Y, Terayama R, Kishimoto N, et al. Activated microglia contribute to convergent nociceptive inputs to spinal dorsal horn neurons and the development of neuropathic pain. Neurochem Res. 2015 May;40(5):1000-12. doi: 10.1007/s11064-015-1555-8. Epub 2015 Mar 18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao YJ, Ji RR. Chemokines, neuronal-glial interactions, and central processing of neuropathic pain. Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;126(1):56-68. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera. 2010.01.002. Epub 2010 Feb 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao YJ, Ji RR. Chemokines, neuronal-glial interactions, and central processing of neuropathic pain. Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;126(1):56-68. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera. 2010.01.002. Epub 2010 Feb 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moalem G, Tracey DJ. Immune and inflammatory mechanisms in neuropathic pain. Brain Res Rev. 2006 Aug;51(2):240-64. Epub 2006 Jan 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moalem G, Tracey DJ. Immune and inflammatory mechanisms in neuropathic pain. Brain Res Rev. 2006 Aug;51(2):240-64. Epub 2006 Jan 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mense S. Peripheral and central mechanisms of musculoskeletal pain. Pain. 2008, an updated review. Seattle: IASP Press; 2008. P. 55-62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mense S. Peripheral and central mechanisms of musculoskeletal pain. Pain. 2008, an updated review. Seattle: IASP Press; 2008. P. 55-62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Treede RD, Jensen TS, Campbell GN, et al. Neuropathic pain: redefinition and a grading system for clinical and research diagnostic purposes. Neurology. 2008 Apr 29;70(18):1630-5. Epub 2007 Nov 14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Treede RD, Jensen TS, Campbell GN, et al. Neuropathic pain: redefinition and a grading system for clinical and research diagnostic purposes. Neurology. 2008 Apr 29;70(18):1630-5. Epub 2007 Nov 14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Campbell JN, Meyer RA. Mechanisms of neuropathic pain. Neuron. 2006 Oct 5;52(1): 77-92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Campbell JN, Meyer RA. Mechanisms of neuropathic pain. Neuron. 2006 Oct 5;52(1): 77-92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Подчуфарова ЕВ, Яхно НН. Боль в спине. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2013. 368 с. [Podchufarova EV, Yakhno NN. Bol' v spine [Back pain]. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2013. 368 p.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Подчуфарова ЕВ, Яхно НН. Боль в спине. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2013. 368 с. [Podchufarova EV, Yakhno NN. Bol' v spine [Back pain]. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2013. 368 p.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kraemer J. Intervertebral disk diseases causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis. 2 nd ed. New York: Thieme medical publishers; 1990.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kraemer J. Intervertebral disk diseases causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis. 2 nd ed. New York: Thieme medical publishers; 1990.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вознесенская ТГ, Вейн АМ. Головная боль напряжения. Consilium medicum. 1999;(2):63-6. [Voznesenskaya TG, Vein AM. Tension-type headache. Consilium medicum. 1999;(2):63-6. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Вознесенская ТГ, Вейн АМ. Головная боль напряжения. Consilium medicum. 1999;(2):63-6. [Voznesenskaya TG, Vein AM. Tension-type headache. Consilium medicum. 1999;(2):63-6. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fischer J. Schmerztherapie mit Lokalanä sthetika. Thieme; 2000. 192 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fischer J. Schmerztherapie mit Lokalanä sthetika. Thieme; 2000. 192 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Парфенов ВА. Причины, диагностика и лечение боли в нижней части спины. Нев- рология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2009;1(1):19-22. [Parfenov VA. Low back pain: causes, diagnosis, and treatment. Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2009;1(1): 19-22. (In Russ.)]. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10. 14412/2074-2711-2009-17</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Парфенов ВА. Причины, диагностика и лечение боли в нижней части спины. Нев- рология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2009;1(1):19-22. [Parfenov VA. Low back pain: causes, diagnosis, and treatment. Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2009;1(1): 19-22. (In Russ.)]. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10. 14412/2074-2711-2009-17</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крыжановский ГН, редактор. Дизрегуляционная патология. Москва: Медицина; 2002. 632 с. [Kryzhanovskii GN, editor. Dizregulyatsionnaya patologiya [Disregulation disease]. Moscow: Meditsina; 2002. 632 p.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Крыжановский ГН, редактор. Дизрегуляционная патология. Москва: Медицина; 2002. 632 с. [Kryzhanovskii GN, editor. Dizregulyatsionnaya patologiya [Disregulation disease]. Moscow: Meditsina; 2002. 632 p.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Данилов АБ, Давыдов ОС. Нейропатическая боль. Москва: Боргес; 2007. 192 с. [Danilov AB, Davydov OS. Neiropaticheskaya bol' [Neuropathic pain]. Moscow: Borges; 2007. 192 p.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Данилов АБ, Давыдов ОС. Нейропатическая боль. Москва: Боргес; 2007. 192 с. [Danilov AB, Davydov OS. Neiropaticheskaya bol' [Neuropathic pain]. Moscow: Borges; 2007. 192 p.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Attal N, Cruccu G, Haanpaa M, et al. EFNS guidelines on pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain. Eur J Neurol. 2006 Nov;13(11):1153-69. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468- 1331.2010.02999.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Attal N, Cruccu G, Haanpaa M, et al. EFNS guidelines on pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain. Eur J Neurol. 2006 Nov;13(11):1153-69. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468- 1331.2010.02999.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пшенникова МГ, Смирнова ВС, Графова ВН и др. Устойчивость к развитию невропатического болевого синдрома у крыс линии август и популяции вистар, обладающих разной врожденной устойчивостью к стрессовому воздействию. Боль. 2008:(2);13-6. [Pshennikova MG, Smirnova VS, Grafova VN, et al. Resistance to the development of neuropathic pain syndrome in rats of August line and Wistar, wich have different innate resistance to stressful effect. Bol'. 2008:(2);13-6. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Пшенникова МГ, Смирнова ВС, Графова ВН и др. Устойчивость к развитию невропатического болевого синдрома у крыс линии август и популяции вистар, обладающих разной врожденной устойчивостью к стрессовому воздействию. Боль. 2008:(2);13-6. [Pshennikova MG, Smirnova VS, Grafova VN, et al. Resistance to the development of neuropathic pain syndrome in rats of August line and Wistar, wich have different innate resistance to stressful effect. Bol'. 2008:(2);13-6. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акмаев ИГ, Гриневич ВВ. От нейроэндокринологии к нейроиммуноэндокринологии. Бюллетень экспериментальной биологии и медицины. 2001;(1):22-32. [Akmaev IG, Grinevich VV. From neuroendocrinology to neuroimmunoendocrinology. Byulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny. 2001;(1):22-32. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Акмаев ИГ, Гриневич ВВ. От нейроэндокринологии к нейроиммуноэндокринологии. Бюллетень экспериментальной биологии и медицины. 2001;(1):22-32. [Akmaev IG, Grinevich VV. From neuroendocrinology to neuroimmunoendocrinology. Byulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny. 2001;(1):22-32. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шутов АА, Каракулова ЮВ, Батуева ЕА и др. Место серотонинергической системы в патогенезе хронических болевых синдромов. Пермский медицинский журнал. 2011;(6):5-10. [Shutov AA, Karakulova YuV, Batueva EA, et al. The place of the serotonergic system in the pathogenesis of chronic pain syndromes. Permskii meditsinskii zhurnal. 2011;(6):5-10. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шутов АА, Каракулова ЮВ, Батуева ЕА и др. Место серотонинергической системы в патогенезе хронических болевых синдромов. Пермский медицинский журнал. 2011;(6):5-10. [Shutov AA, Karakulova YuV, Batueva EA, et al. The place of the serotonergic system in the pathogenesis of chronic pain syndromes. Permskii meditsinskii zhurnal. 2011;(6):5-10. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калюжный ЛВ. Физиологические механизмы регуляции болевой чувствительности. Москва: Медицина; 1984. 215 с. [Kalyuzhnyi LV. Fiziologicheskie mekhanizmy regulyatsii bolevoi chuvstvitel'nosti [Physiological mechanisms of regulation of pain sensitivity]. Moscow: Meditsina; 1984. 215 p.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Калюжный ЛВ. Физиологические механизмы регуляции болевой чувствительности. Москва: Медицина; 1984. 215 с. [Kalyuzhnyi LV. Fiziologicheskie mekhanizmy regulyatsii bolevoi chuvstvitel'nosti [Physiological mechanisms of regulation of pain sensitivity]. Moscow: Meditsina; 1984. 215 p.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Котова МА, Пузин МН, Боднева СЛ и др. Исследование роли биологически активных соединений в формировании болевого синдрома при невралгии тройничного нерва и невропатии тройничного нерва. Клиническая неврология. 2010:(2);3-5. [Kotova MA, Puzin MN, Bodneva SL i dr. Investigation of the role of biologically active compounds in the formation of pain in trigeminal neuralgia. Klinicheskaya nevrologiya. 2010:(2);3-5. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Котова МА, Пузин МН, Боднева СЛ и др. Исследование роли биологически активных соединений в формировании болевого синдрома при невралгии тройничного нерва и невропатии тройничного нерва. Клиническая неврология. 2010:(2);3-5. [Kotova MA, Puzin MN, Bodneva SL i dr. Investigation of the role of biologically active compounds in the formation of pain in trigeminal neuralgia. Klinicheskaya nevrologiya. 2010:(2);3-5. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Defrin R, Shramm L, Eli I. Gender role expectations of pain is associated with pain tolerance limit but not with pain threshold. Pain. 2009 Sep;145(1-2):230-6. doi: 10.1016/j.pain. 2009.06.028. Epub 2009 Jul 16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Defrin R, Shramm L, Eli I. Gender role expectations of pain is associated with pain tolerance limit but not with pain threshold. Pain. 2009 Sep;145(1-2):230-6. doi: 10.1016/j.pain. 2009.06.028. Epub 2009 Jul 16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palmeira CC, Ashmawi HA, PossoIde P. Sex and pain perception and analgesia. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2011 Nov-Dec;61(6):814-28. doi: 10.1016/S0034-7094(11)70091-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palmeira CC, Ashmawi HA, PossoIde P. Sex and pain perception and analgesia. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2011 Nov-Dec;61(6):814-28. doi: 10.1016/S0034-7094(11)70091-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тюзиков ИА. Эндокринологические аспекты патогенеза и фармакотерапии синдрома хронической урогенитальной неин- фекционной боли у женщин. Эффективная фармакотерапия. Эндокринология. 2014;1(9):4-16. [Tyuzikov IA. Endocrinological aspects of pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of chronic noninfectious urogenital pain syndrome in women. Effektivnaya farmakoterapiya. Endokrinologiya. 2014;1(9):4-16. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Тюзиков ИА. Эндокринологические аспекты патогенеза и фармакотерапии синдрома хронической урогенитальной неин- фекционной боли у женщин. Эффективная фармакотерапия. Эндокринология. 2014;1(9):4-16. [Tyuzikov IA. Endocrinological aspects of pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of chronic noninfectious urogenital pain syndrome in women. Effektivnaya farmakoterapiya. Endokrinologiya. 2014;1(9):4-16. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaneyama S, Nishida K, Takada T, et al. Fas ligand expression on human nucleus pulposus cells decreases with disc degeneration processes. J Orthop Sci. 2008 Mar;13(2):130-5 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-007-1204-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaneyama S, Nishida K, Takada T, et al. Fas ligand expression on human nucleus pulposus cells decreases with disc degeneration processes. J Orthop Sci. 2008 Mar;13(2):130-5 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-007-1204-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takada T, Nishida K, Doita M, Kurosaka M. Fas ligand exists on intervertebral disc cells: a potential molecular mechanism for immune privilege of the disc. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002 Jul 15;27(14):1526-30. DOI: 10.1002/jor.22274</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takada T, Nishida K, Doita M, Kurosaka M. Fas ligand exists on intervertebral disc cells: a potential molecular mechanism for immune privilege of the disc. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002 Jul 15;27(14):1526-30. DOI: 10.1002/jor.22274</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hernangоmez M, Klusаkovа I, Joukal M, et al. CD200R1 agonist attenuates glial activation, inflammatory reactions, and hypersensitivity immediately after its intrathecal application in a rat neuropathic pain model. J Neuroinflammation. 2016 Feb 18;13:43. doi: 10.1186/s12974-016-0508-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hernangоmez M, Klusаkovа I, Joukal M, et al. CD200R1 agonist attenuates glial activation, inflammatory reactions, and hypersensitivity immediately after its intrathecal application in a rat neuropathic pain model. J Neuroinflammation. 2016 Feb 18;13:43. doi: 10.1186/s12974-016-0508-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marchand F, Perretti M, McMahon SB. Role of the immune system in chronic pain. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2005 Jul;6(7):521-32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marchand F, Perretti M, McMahon SB. Role of the immune system in chronic pain. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2005 Jul;6(7):521-32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walker DG, Dalsing-Hernandez JE, Campbell NA, Lue LF. Decreased expression of CD200 and CD200 receptor in Alzheimer's disease: a potential mechanism leading to chronic inflammation. Exp Neurol. 2009 Jan;215(1):5-19. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.09.003. Epub 2008 Sep 24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walker DG, Dalsing-Hernandez JE, Campbell NA, Lue LF. Decreased expression of CD200 and CD200 receptor in Alzheimer's disease: a potential mechanism leading to chronic inflammation. Exp Neurol. 2009 Jan;215(1):5-19. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.09.003. Epub 2008 Sep 24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
