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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2016-2-100-106</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-616</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Alzheimer's disease under the mask of stroke</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Болезнь Альцгеймера под маской инсульта</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Науменко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра нервных болезней и нейрохирургии</p><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery</p><p>11, Rossolimo St., Moscow 119021 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вахнина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vakhnina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра нервных болезней и нейрохирургии</p><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery</p><p>11, Rossolimo St., Moscow 119021 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nvakhnina71@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский универститет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>100</fpage><lpage>106</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Naumenko A.A., Vakhnina N.V., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Науменко А.А., Вахнина Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Naumenko A.A., Vakhnina N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/616">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/616</self-uri><abstract><p>Cognitive impairments (CIs) are common in poststroke patients. The basis for this condition is frequently a neurodegenerative process and most often Alzheimer's disease (AD). Stroke may promote the manifestation of clinically asymptomatic AD, worsen prestroke cognitive deficit or merely manifest prestroke CIs.</p><p>The paper discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis of poststroke CIs, current methods for its diagnosis, as well as symptomatic and pathogenetic treatment. The most informative method for the diagnosis of poststroke CIs is neuropsychological examination that should be made in the early poststroke period (if the patient's consciousness is clear). The most common screening tests include mini-mental state examination (the most sensitive to evaluate cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer type dementias) and the Montreal cognitive assessment. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, positron emission tomography, cerebrospinal fluid examination, and genetic testing are used to reveal AD at its preclinical stages. Preventive measures include regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and sufficient mental workload. The prevention of stroke and other cardiovascular diseases are also important.</p><p>The major groups of drugs used to treat AD and vascular CIs are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. It is expedient to use glutamatergic and acetylcholinergic therapy earlier in patients with obvious CIs that are unassociated with emotional problems and disturbance of consciousness. Akatinol memantine is a drug that can be regarded not only as a symptomatic but also pathogenetic agent. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Когнитивные нарушения (КН) часто выявляются у пациентов после инсульта. Нередко в их основе лежит нейродегенеративный процесс, чаще всего – болезнь Альцгеймера (БА). Инсульт может способствовать манифестации клинически бессимптомной БА, усугубить имевшийся до инсульта когнитивный дефект либо просто проявить существовавшие до инсульта КН.</p><p>В статье обсуждаются эпидемиология, факторы риска, патогенез постинсультных КН, современные методы их диагностики, а также симптоматическое и патогенетическое лечение. Наиболее информативный метод диагностики КН после инсульта – нейропсихологическое обследование, которое необходимо проводить на ранних этапах постинсультного периода (при условии ясного сознания пациента). К самым распространенным скрининговым тестам относятся краткая шкала оценки психического статуса (наиболее чувствительна для оценки когнитивной дисфункции при деменциях альцгеймеровского типа) и монреальская когнитивная шкала. Для выявления БА на доклинических стадиях используются магнитно-резонансная томография головного мозга, позитронно-эмиссионная томография, исследование цереброспинальной жидкости, генетическое тестирование. Профилактические мероприятия включают в себя регулярную физическую активность, правильное питание, достаточный уровень умственной нагрузки. Важна также профилактика инсульта и других сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний.</p><p>Основные группы препаратов для лечения БА и сосудистых КН – ингибиторы ацетилхолинестеразы и антагонисты N-метил-D- аспартат-рецепторов. Целесообразно более раннее назначение глутаматергической и ацетихолинергической терапии пациентам с выраженными КН, не связанными с эмоциональными расстройствами и нарушением сознания. Препаратом, который можно расценивать не только как симптоматическое, но и как патогенетическое средство, является акатинол мемантин. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>сосудистые когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>постинсультные когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>сосудистая деменция</kwd><kwd>глутаматергическая система</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы центральной ацетилхолинэстеразы</kwd><kwd>антагонисты NMDA-рецепторов</kwd><kwd>акатинол мемантин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Alzheimer disease</kwd><kwd>vascular cognitive impairments</kwd><kwd>poststroke cognitive impairments</kwd><kwd>vascular dementia</kwd><kwd>glutamatergic system</kwd><kwd>central acetylcholinesterase inhibitors</kwd><kwd>N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists</kwd><kwd>akatinol memantine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Парфенов ВА, Хасанова ДР. 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