<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2016-2-62-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-610</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Psychogenic dystonia of the hand: A clinical case</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Психогенная дистония кисти (клиническое наблюдение)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байдаулетова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baidauletova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алматы, ул. Кабанбай батыра, 260</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>260, Kabanbai batyra St., Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baidaulet@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шавловская</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shavlovskaya</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2, Moscow 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский центр «Нейроклиника», Алматы</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>«Neuroclinic» Medical Center, Almaty</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский центр ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Department of Neurology, Research Center, O.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Baidauletova A.I., Shavlovskaya O.A., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Байдаулетова А.И., Шавловская О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baidauletova A.I., Shavlovskaya O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/610">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/610</self-uri><abstract><p>The article describes a clinical case of psychogenic movement disorder appearing as fixed dystonia without pain. Over 5 years, a patient has had the right fingers being permanently clenched into a fist position at rest, which increased when fulfilling any motor task; carpal pain was absent. When he was 18 years old, the patient sustained a blast injury with concussion. A leather glove was used to reduce clenching and a makeshift device was applied to move the fingers apart. Motor function of the hand persisted; its atrophy was absent; muscle tone in the hand was sufficient; reflexes were symmetrical; sensitivity was not impaired. His gait, voice, speech were not changed. When writing, there was increased pencil grasp (not writer's cramp); his handwriting was smooth and legible. The patient uses the voluntary compensatory movements of the right hand (holding a thing with one hand in a supine position) and fingers (crossing the third finger over the fourth and conversely), which reduce the manifestations of movement disorder. He refused psychiatric examination and to take any medications. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Представлено клиническое наблюдение психогенного двигательного расстройства по типу фиксированной дистонии без болевого сопровождения. В течение 5 лет пациента беспокоит постоянное сведение пальцев правой кисти в кулак в покое, усиливающееся при выполнении любого моторного задания; боли в кисти нет. В возрасте 18 лет получил взрывную травму с контузией. С целью уменьшения сведения использует кожаную перчатку и самодельное устройство для разведения пальцев. Двигательная функция кисти сохранена, атрофии кисти нет, тонус в мышцах руки достаточный, рефлексы симметричные, чувствительность не нарушена. Походка, голос и речь не изменены. При письме наблюдается усиленное сжатие ручки (не писчий спазм); почерк ровный, разборчивый. Использует произвольные компенсаторные установки правой кисти (удержание предмета в супинаторном положении кисти) и пальцев (перекрещивание III и IV пальцев), уменьшающие проявления двигательного расстройства. От консультации психиатра и приема лекарств отказался. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>психогенные двигательные расстройства</kwd><kwd>психогенная дистония</kwd><kwd>фиксированная дистония</kwd><kwd>конверсионное расстройство</kwd><kwd>соматоформное расстройство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>psychogenic movement disorders</kwd><kwd>psychogenic dystonia</kwd><kwd>fixed dystonia</kwd><kwd>conversion disorder</kwd><kwd>somatoform disorder</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Fekete R. Recognizing uncommon presentations of psychogenic (functional) movement disorders. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2015 Jan 21;5:279. doi: 10.7916/D8VM4B13. eCollection 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Fekete R. Recognizing uncommon presentations of psychogenic (functional) movement disorders. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2015 Jan 21;5:279. doi: 10.7916/D8VM4B13. eCollection 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Штульман ДР, Голубев ВЛ, Дюкова ГМ и др. Психогенная дистония. Неврологический журнал. 1997;(3):34-8. [Shtul'man DR, Golubev VL, Dyukova GM, et al. Psychogenic dystonia. Nevrologicheskii zhurnal. 1997;(3): 34-8. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Штульман ДР, Голубев ВЛ, Дюкова ГМ и др. Психогенная дистония. Неврологический журнал. 1997;(3):34-8. [Shtul'man DR, Golubev VL, Dyukova GM, et al. Psychogenic dystonia. Nevrologicheskii zhurnal. 1997;(3): 34-8. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дюкова ГМ, Голубев ВЛ. Психогенные двигательные расстройства в историческом аспекте. Бюллетень Национального общества по изучению болезни Паркинсона и расстройства движений. 2012;(1):21-7. [Dyukova GM, Golubev VL. Psychogenic movement disorders in historical perspective. Byulleten' Natsional'nogo obshchestva po izucheniyu bolezni Parkinsona i rasstroistva dvizhenii. 2012;(1):21-7. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дюкова ГМ, Голубев ВЛ. Психогенные двигательные расстройства в историческом аспекте. Бюллетень Национального общества по изучению болезни Паркинсона и расстройства движений. 2012;(1):21-7. [Dyukova GM, Golubev VL. Psychogenic movement disorders in historical perspective. Byulleten' Natsional'nogo obshchestva po izucheniyu bolezni Parkinsona i rasstroistva dvizhenii. 2012;(1):21-7. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hidasi Z, Salacz P, Csibri E. Movement disorders is psychiatric diseases. Neuropsychopharmacol Hung. 2014 Dec; 16(4):205-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hidasi Z, Salacz P, Csibri E. Movement disorders is psychiatric diseases. Neuropsychopharmacol Hung. 2014 Dec; 16(4):205-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Factor SA, Podskalny GD, Molho ES. Psychogenic movement disorders: frequency, clinical profile, and characteristics. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1995 Oct;59(4):406-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Factor SA, Podskalny GD, Molho ES. Psychogenic movement disorders: frequency, clinical profile, and characteristics. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1995 Oct;59(4):406-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lang AE. Psychogenic dystonia: a review of 18 cases. Can J Neurol Sci. 1995 May;22(2):136-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lang AE. Psychogenic dystonia: a review of 18 cases. Can J Neurol Sci. 1995 May;22(2):136-43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шток ВН, Иванова-Смоленская ИА, Левин ОС, редакторы. Экстрапирамидные расстройства. Руководство по диагностике и лечению. Москва: МЕДпресс-информ; 2002. 235 с. [Shtok VN, Ivanova-Smolenskaya IA, Levin OS, editors. Ekstrapiramidnye rasstroistva. Rukovodstvo po diagnostike i lecheniyu [Extrapyramidal disorders. Guide to diagnosis and treatment]. Moscow: MEDpress-inform; 2002. 235 p.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шток ВН, Иванова-Смоленская ИА, Левин ОС, редакторы. Экстрапирамидные расстройства. Руководство по диагностике и лечению. Москва: МЕДпресс-информ; 2002. 235 с. [Shtok VN, Ivanova-Smolenskaya IA, Levin OS, editors. Ekstrapiramidnye rasstroistva. Rukovodstvo po diagnostike i lecheniyu [Extrapyramidal disorders. Guide to diagnosis and treatment]. Moscow: MEDpress-inform; 2002. 235 p.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шавловская ОА. Писчий спазм: клиника, диагностика, лечение. Дисс. докт. мед. наук. Москва; 2011. 349 с. [Shavlovskaya OA. Writer's cramp: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment. Diss. doct. med. sci. Moscow; 2011. 349 p.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шавловская ОА. Писчий спазм: клиника, диагностика, лечение. Дисс. докт. мед. наук. Москва; 2011. 349 с. [Shavlovskaya OA. Writer's cramp: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment. Diss. doct. med. sci. Moscow; 2011. 349 p.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jankovic J. «Psychogenic» versus «functional» movement disorders? That is the question. Mov Disord. 2014 Nov;29(13):1697-8. doi: 10.1002/mds.26040. Epub 2014 Sep 24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jankovic J. «Psychogenic» versus «functional» movement disorders? That is the question. Mov Disord. 2014 Nov;29(13):1697-8. doi: 10.1002/mds.26040. Epub 2014 Sep 24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">La Faver K, Hallett M. Functional or psychogenic: what's the better name? Mov Disord. 2014 Nov;29(13):1698-9. doi: 10.1002/mds. 26035. Epub 2014 Sep 21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">La Faver K, Hallett M. Functional or psychogenic: what's the better name? Mov Disord. 2014 Nov;29(13):1698-9. doi: 10.1002/mds. 26035. Epub 2014 Sep 21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cras P, Crosiers D. Psychogenic movement disorders. Tijdschr Psychiatr. 2015;57(2):104-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cras P, Crosiers D. Psychogenic movement disorders. Tijdschr Psychiatr. 2015;57(2):104-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thenganatt MA, Jankovic J. Psychogenic movement disorders. Neurol Clin. 2015 Feb;33(1):205-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2014.09.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thenganatt MA, Jankovic J. Psychogenic movement disorders. Neurol Clin. 2015 Feb;33(1):205-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2014.09.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Edwards MJ, Stone J, Lang AE. Functional/psychogenic movement disorders: Do we know what they are? Mov Disord. 2014 Nov;29(13):1696-7; discussion 1699-701. doi: 10.1002/mds.26039. Epub 2014 Oct 6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Edwards MJ, Stone J, Lang AE. Functional/psychogenic movement disorders: Do we know what they are? Mov Disord. 2014 Nov;29(13):1696-7; discussion 1699-701. doi: 10.1002/mds.26039. Epub 2014 Oct 6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дюкова ГД. Конверсионные и соматоформные расстройства в общей медицинской практике. Медицинский совет. 2013;(2):50-8. [Dyukova GD. Conversion and somatoform disorders in general medical practice. Meditsinskii sovet. 2013;(2):50-8. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дюкова ГД. Конверсионные и соматоформные расстройства в общей медицинской практике. Медицинский совет. 2013;(2):50-8. [Dyukova GD. Conversion and somatoform disorders in general medical practice. Meditsinskii sovet. 2013;(2):50-8. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dallocchio C, Marangi A, Tinazzi M. Functional or psychogenic movement disorders: an endless enigmatic tale. Front Neurol. 2015 Feb 27;6:37. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2015. 00037. eCollection 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dallocchio C, Marangi A, Tinazzi M. Functional or psychogenic movement disorders: an endless enigmatic tale. Front Neurol. 2015 Feb 27;6:37. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2015. 00037. eCollection 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Edwards MJ, Stone J, Lang AE. From psychogenic movement disorder to functional movement disorder: it's time to change the name. Mov Disord. 2014 Jun;29(7):849-52. doi: 10.1002/mds.25562. Epub 2013 Jul 10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Edwards MJ, Stone J, Lang AE. From psychogenic movement disorder to functional movement disorder: it's time to change the name. Mov Disord. 2014 Jun;29(7):849-52. doi: 10.1002/mds.25562. Epub 2013 Jul 10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Espay AJ, Lang AE. Phenotype-specific diagnosis of functional (psychogenic) movement disorders. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2015 Jun;15(6):32. doi: 10.1007/s11910-015-0556-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Espay AJ, Lang AE. Phenotype-specific diagnosis of functional (psychogenic) movement disorders. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2015 Jun;15(6):32. doi: 10.1007/s11910-015-0556-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ICD-10 Version:2016 http://apps.who.int/ classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en#/V</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ICD-10 Version:2016 http://apps.who.int/ classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en#/V</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пережогин ЛО. Соматоформные расстройства. Диагностика, лечение, профилактика. Клинические рекомендации. Москва; 2015. 22 с. [Perezhogin LO. Somatoformnye rasstroistva. Diagnostika, lechenie, profilaktika. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii [Somatoform disorders. Diagnosis, treatment, prevention. Clinical guidelines]. Moscow; 2015. 22 p.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Пережогин ЛО. Соматоформные расстройства. Диагностика, лечение, профилактика. Клинические рекомендации. Москва; 2015. 22 с. [Perezhogin LO. Somatoformnye rasstroistva. Diagnostika, lechenie, profilaktika. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii [Somatoform disorders. Diagnosis, treatment, prevention. Clinical guidelines]. Moscow; 2015. 22 p.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ICD-11 Beta Draft – Joint Linearization for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics http://id.who.int/icd/entity/334423054</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ICD-11 Beta Draft – Joint Linearization for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics http://id.who.int/icd/entity/334423054</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fahn S, Olanow CW. «Psychogenic movement disorders»: They are what they are. Mov Disord. 2014 Jun;29(7):853-6. doi: 10.1002/mds.25899. Epub 2014 May 5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fahn S, Olanow CW. «Psychogenic movement disorders»: They are what they are. Mov Disord. 2014 Jun;29(7):853-6. doi: 10.1002/mds.25899. Epub 2014 May 5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hallett M. Functional (psychogenic) movement disorders – Clinical presentations. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016 Jan;22 Suppl 1:S149-52. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015. 08.036. Epub 2015 Sep 3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hallett M. Functional (psychogenic) movement disorders – Clinical presentations. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016 Jan;22 Suppl 1:S149-52. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015. 08.036. Epub 2015 Sep 3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van der Hoeven RM, Broersma M, Pijnenborg GH, et al. Functional (psychogenic) movement disorders associated with normal scores in psychological questionnaires: A case control study. J Psychosom Res. 2015 Sep;79(3):190-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.06.002. Epub 2015 Jun 14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van der Hoeven RM, Broersma M, Pijnenborg GH, et al. Functional (psychogenic) movement disorders associated with normal scores in psychological questionnaires: A case control study. J Psychosom Res. 2015 Sep;79(3):190-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.06.002. Epub 2015 Jun 14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hawley JS, Weiner WJ. Psychogenic dystonia and peripheral trauma. Neurology. 2011 Aug 2;77(5):496-502. doi: 10.1212/WNL. 0b013e3182287aaf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hawley JS, Weiner WJ. Psychogenic dystonia and peripheral trauma. Neurology. 2011 Aug 2;77(5):496-502. doi: 10.1212/WNL. 0b013e3182287aaf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ibrahim NM, Martino D, van de Warrenburg BP, et al. The prognosis of fixed dystonia: a follow-up study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2009 Sep;15(8):592-7. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2009.02.010. Epub 2009 May 12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ibrahim NM, Martino D, van de Warrenburg BP, et al. The prognosis of fixed dystonia: a follow-up study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2009 Sep;15(8):592-7. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2009.02.010. Epub 2009 May 12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katschnig P, Edwards MJ, Schwingenschuh P, et al. Mental rotation of body parts and sensory temporal discrimination in fixed dystonia. Mov Disord. 2010 Jun 15;25(8):1061-7. doi: 10.1002/ mds.23047.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katschnig P, Edwards MJ, Schwingenschuh P, et al. Mental rotation of body parts and sensory temporal discrimination in fixed dystonia. Mov Disord. 2010 Jun 15;25(8):1061-7. doi: 10.1002/ mds.23047.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schrag A, Trimble M, Quinn N, et al. The syndrome of fixed dystonia: an evaluation of 103 patients. Mov Disord. 2008 Apr 15;23(5):646-52. doi: 10.1002/mds.21801.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schrag A, Trimble M, Quinn N, et al. The syndrome of fixed dystonia: an evaluation of 103 patients. Mov Disord. 2008 Apr 15;23(5):646-52. doi: 10.1002/mds.21801.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamble NL, Pal PK. Electrophysiological evaluation of psychogenic movement disorders. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016 Jan;22 Suppl 1:S153-8. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.09.016. Epub 2015 Sep 9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamble NL, Pal PK. Electrophysiological evaluation of psychogenic movement disorders. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016 Jan;22 Suppl 1:S153-8. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.09.016. Epub 2015 Sep 9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albanese A, Bhatia K, Bressman SB, et al. Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus update. Mov Disord. 2013 Jun 15;28(7):863-73. doi: 10.1002/mds.25475. Epub 2013 May 6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albanese A, Bhatia K, Bressman SB, et al. Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus update. Mov Disord. 2013 Jun 15;28(7):863-73. doi: 10.1002/mds.25475. Epub 2013 May 6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Broussolle E, Laurencin C, Bernard E, et al. Early illustrations of geste antagoniste in cervical and generalized dystonia. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2015 Sep 21;5:332. doi: 10.7916/D8KD1X74. eCollection 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Broussolle E, Laurencin C, Bernard E, et al. Early illustrations of geste antagoniste in cervical and generalized dystonia. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2015 Sep 21;5:332. doi: 10.7916/D8KD1X74. eCollection 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Jankovic J. Speech and voice disorders in patients with psychogenic movement disorders. J Neurol. 2015 Nov;262(11):2420-4. doi: 10.1007/s00415-015- 7856-7. Epub 2015 Jul 21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Jankovic J. Speech and voice disorders in patients with psychogenic movement disorders. J Neurol. 2015 Nov;262(11):2420-4. doi: 10.1007/s00415-015- 7856-7. Epub 2015 Jul 21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hinson VK, Cubo E, Comella CL, et al. Rating scale for psychogenic movement disorders: scale development and clinimetric testing. Mov Disord. 2005 Dec;20(12):1592-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hinson VK, Cubo E, Comella CL, et al. Rating scale for psychogenic movement disorders: scale development and clinimetric testing. Mov Disord. 2005 Dec;20(12):1592-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Honing ML, Kon M. Dysfunctional postures of the hand as part of a conversion reaction. J Hand Surg Br. 1996 Apr;21(2):271-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Honing ML, Kon M. Dysfunctional postures of the hand as part of a conversion reaction. J Hand Surg Br. 1996 Apr;21(2):271-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamble N, Prashantha DK, Jha M, et al. Gender and age determinants of psychogenic movement disorders: a clinical profile of 73 patients. Can J Neurol Sci. 2016 Mar;43(2):268-77. doi: 10.1017/cjn.2015.365. Epub 2016 Jan 13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamble N, Prashantha DK, Jha M, et al. Gender and age determinants of psychogenic movement disorders: a clinical profile of 73 patients. Can J Neurol Sci. 2016 Mar;43(2):268-77. doi: 10.1017/cjn.2015.365. Epub 2016 Jan 13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
