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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2015-4-78-82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-563</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Neurotoxicity of general anesthetics: A modern view of the problem</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нейротоксичность общих анестетиков: современный взгляд на проблему</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овезов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovezov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>61/2 Shchepkin St., Moscow 129110</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amolex@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пантелеева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panteleeva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>61/2 Shchepkin St., Moscow 129110</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Князев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyazev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>61/2 Shchepkin St., Moscow 129110</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Луговой</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lugovoy</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>61/2 Shchepkin St., Moscow 129110</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>61/2 Shchepkin St., Moscow 129110</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Clinical Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ovezov A.M., Panteleeva M.V., Knyazev A.V., Lugovoy A.V., Borisova M.N., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Овезов А.М., Пантелеева М.В., Князев А.В., Луговой А.В., Борисова М.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ovezov A.M., Panteleeva M.V., Knyazev A.V., Lugovoy A.V., Borisova M.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/563">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/563</self-uri><abstract><p>All general anesthetics routinely used in clinical practice are noted to have a neurotoxic effect on the brain in different animal species including primates. The negative effects observed both in young and sexually mature animals include apoptotic neuronal cell death, suppression of neurogenesis and gliogenesis, neuroinflammation, as well as learning and memory impairments. A number of epidemiologic surveys have established an association between anesthesia in patients younger than 3 to 4 years and subsequent learning disabilities and language disorders whereas others have not found this link. In middle-aged and elderly patients, anesthesia is frequently associated with the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. The key component of its pathogenesis (general anesthesia itself or other factors, such as operative injury, an inflammatory response, pain syndrome, intraoperative complications, underlying disease in a patient) remains unelucidated. It is concluded that there is a need for additional experimental and clinical studies of the pathogenesis of these undesirable phenomena to be prevented and corrected.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Отмечено, что все рутинно используемые в клинической практике общие анестетики оказывают нейротоксическое влияние на головной мозг у разных видов животных, включая приматов. Негативные эффекты, наблюдаемые как у молодых, так и у половозрелых особей, включали апоптотическую гибель нейронов, угнетение процессов нейро- и глиогенеза, нейровоспаление наряду с расстройствами обучаемости и памяти. В ряде эпидемиологических исследований установлена связь между применением наркоза в раннем детском возрасте (ранее 3–4 лет) и развитием в последующем нарушений обучения и языковых проблем, тогда как в других работах такой зависимости не выявлено. У пациентов среднего и пожилого возраста применение наркоза часто связано с развитием послеоперационной когнитивной дисфункции. Остается невыясненным, что является ключевым звеном ее патогенеза: сама общая анестезия или другие факторы, такие как операционная травма, воспалительный ответ, болевой синдром, интраоперационные осложнения, основная патология пациента. Сделан вывод о необходимости дополнительных экспериментальных и клинических исследований для изучения патогенеза этих нежелательных феноменов с целью их профилактики и коррекции.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>общая анестезия</kwd><kwd>нейродегенерация</kwd><kwd>нейротоксичность</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>нарушение обучаемости</kwd><kwd>детский возраст</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>general anesthesia</kwd><kwd>neurodegeneration</kwd><kwd>neurotoxicity</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairments</kwd><kwd>learning disabilities</kwd><kwd>childhood</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ikonomidou C, Bosch F, Miksa M, et al. Blockade of NMDA receptors and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain. Science. 1999 Jan 1;283(5398):70-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ikonomidou C, Bosch F, Miksa M, et al. 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