<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2015-4-57-64</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-560</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Neurological disorders in hypertensive patients</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврологические расстройства у больных артериальной гипертензией</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вахнина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vakhnina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра нервных болезней и нейрохирургии,</p><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery,</p><p>11, Rossolimo St., Moscow 119021</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nvakhnina71@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Милованова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Milovanova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра нервных болезней и нейрохирургии,</p><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery,</p><p>11, Rossolimo St., Moscow 119021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гринюк</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grinyuk</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра нервных болезней и нейрохирургии,</p><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery,</p><p>11, Rossolimo St., Moscow 119021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of&#13;
Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Vakhnina N.V., Milovanova O.V., Grinyuk V.V., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вахнина Н.В., Милованова О.В., Гринюк В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vakhnina N.V., Milovanova O.V., Grinyuk V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/560">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/560</self-uri><abstract><p>Hypertension is one of the most common vascular diseases. The brain as target organs in hypertension is damaged more often and earlier. Neurological complications due to hypertension are frequently hyperdiagnosed in Russian neurological practice. Thus, headache, dizziness, impaired recall of recent events, nocturnal sleep disorders, and many other complaints in a hypertensive patient are usually regarded as a manifestation of dyscirculatory encephalopathy. At the same time headaches (tension headache and migraine) in hypertensive patients are predominantly primary; headache associated with dramatic marked elevations in blood pressure is encountered in only a small number of patients. The role of cerebrovascular diseases in the development of dizziness in hypertensive patients is also overestimated. The vast majority of cases, patients with this complaint are in fact identified to have benign paroxysmal postural vertigo, Mеniеre’s disease, vestibular neuronitis, or vestibular migraine. Psychogenic disorders or multisensory insufficiency are generally responsible for non-systemic vertigo in hypertensive patients. Chronic cerebral circulatory insufficiency may cause non-systemic vertigo as a subjective equivalent of postural instability.</p><p>Cognitive impairments (CIs) are the most common and earliest manifestation of cerebrovascular lesion in hypertension. In most cases, CIs in hypertension were vascular and associated with cerebrovascular lesion due to lacunar infarcts and leukoaraiosis. However, mixed CIs frequently occur when hypertensive patients are also found to have signs of a degenerative disease, most commonly in Alzheimer’s disease.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Артериальная гипертензия (АГ) – одно из наиболее распространенных сосудистых заболеваний. Среди органов-мишеней АГ чаще и раньше других страдает головной мозг. В российской неврологической практике зачастую наблюдается гипердиагностика неврологических осложнений АГ. Так, головная боль, головокружение, снижение памяти на текущие события, нарушение ночного сна и многие другие жалобы пациента, страдающего АГ, обычно расцениваются как проявление «дисциркуляторной энцефалопатии». Между тем, головная боль у пациентов с АГ носит преимущественно первичный характер (головная боль напряжения и мигрень). В то же время головная боль, связанная с резким выраженным подъемом артериального давления, встречается лишь у небольшого числа пациентов. Роль цереброваскулярных заболеваний в развитии головокружения у пациентов с АГ также преувеличена. В подавляющем большинстве случаев у таких пациентов на самом деле определяются доброкачественное пароксизмальное позиционное головокружение, болезнь Меньера, вестибулярный нейронит или вестибулярная мигрень. Причиной несистемного головокружения у больных АГ обычно являются психогенные нарушения или мультисенсорная недостаточность. Хроническая недостаточность мозгового кровообращения может вызывать несистемное головокружение как субъективный эквивалент нарушения постуральной устойчивости.</p><p>Когнитивные нарушения (КН) являются самым частым и самым ранним проявлением сосудистого поражения головного мозга при АГ. КН при АГ в большинстве случаев носят сосудистый характер и связаны с цереброваскулярным поражением головного мозга в результате лакунарных инфарктов и лейкоареоза. Однако часто имеют место КН смешанного характера, когда у пациентов с АГ выявляются также признаки дегенеративного заболевания, чаще всего болезни Альцгеймера.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>неврологические нарушения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hypertension</kwd><kwd>neurological disorders</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чазов ЕИ, Вихерт АМ, Оганов РГ. В кн. Академия Медицинских Наук СССР. Сессия общего собрания 51-я. Тезисы докладов. Москва; 1984. С. 4-8. [Chazov EI, Vikhert AM, Oganov RG. In: Akademiya Meditsinskikh Nauk SSSR. Sessiya obshchego sobraniya 51-ya. Tezisy dokladov [Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. 51st Session of the General Assembly. Abstracts]. Moscow; 1984. P. 4-8.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Чазов ЕИ, Вихерт АМ, Оганов РГ. В кн. Академия Медицинских Наук СССР. Сессия общего собрания 51-я. Тезисы докладов. Москва; 1984. С. 4-8. [Chazov EI, Vikhert AM, Oganov RG. In: Akademiya Meditsinskikh Nauk SSSR. Sessiya obshchego sobraniya 51-ya. Tezisy dokladov [Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. 51st Session of the General Assembly. Abstracts]. Moscow; 1984. P. 4-8.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Парфенов ВА, Алексеев ВВ, Шварева НС, Рыжак АА. Головная боль у больных артериальной гипертонией. Клиническая геронтология. 2001;6(5):3-9. [Parfenov VA, Alekseev VV, Shvareva NS, Ryzhak AA. Headache in patients with arterial hypertension. Klinicheskaya gerontologiya. 2001;6(5):3-9. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Парфенов ВА, Алексеев ВВ, Шварева НС, Рыжак АА. Головная боль у больных артериальной гипертонией. Клиническая геронтология. 2001;6(5):3-9. [Parfenov VA, Alekseev VV, Shvareva NS, Ryzhak AA. Headache in patients with arterial hypertension. Klinicheskaya gerontologiya. 2001;6(5):3-9. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Classification and Diagnostic Criteria for Headache Disorders Cranial Neuralgia and facial Pain. Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society. Cephalalgia. 1988;8 Suppl 7:1-96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Classification and Diagnostic Criteria for Headache Disorders Cranial Neuralgia and facial Pain. Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society. Cephalalgia. 1988;8 Suppl 7:1-96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weiss NS. Relation of high blood pressure to headache episiaxis and seleced other symptoms. N Engl J Med. 1972 Sep 28;287(13):631-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weiss NS. Relation of high blood pressure to headache episiaxis and seleced other symptoms. N Engl J Med. 1972 Sep 28;287(13):631-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Russmussen BK, Jensen R, Shroll M, Olsen J. Epidemiology of a general population – a prevalence study. J Clin Epidemiol. 1991;44(11):1147-57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Russmussen BK, Jensen R, Shroll M, Olsen J. Epidemiology of a general population – a prevalence study. J Clin Epidemiol. 1991;44(11):1147-57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Парфенов ВА, Неверовский ДВ. Ведение пациентов с дисциркуляторной энцефалопатией в амбулаторной практике. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2015;7(1):37–42. [Parfenov VA, Neverovskii DV. Outpatient management of patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy. Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, neuropsychiatry, psychosomatics. 2015;7(1):37–42. (In Russ.)]. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2015-1-37-42</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Парфенов ВА, Неверовский ДВ. Ведение пациентов с дисциркуляторной энцефалопатией в амбулаторной практике. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2015;7(1):37–42. [Parfenov VA, Neverovskii DV. Outpatient management of patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy. Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, neuropsychiatry, psychosomatics. 2015;7(1):37–42. (In Russ.)]. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2015-1-37-42</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Толмачева ВА. Причины головокружения. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2010;2(4):18-23. [Tolmacheva VA. Causes of vertigo. Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, neuropsychiatry, psychosomatics. 2010;2(4):18-23. (In Russ.)]. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2010-111</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Толмачева ВА. Причины головокружения. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2010;2(4):18-23. [Tolmacheva VA. Causes of vertigo. Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, neuropsychiatry, psychosomatics. 2010;2(4):18-23. (In Russ.)]. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2010-111</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Замерград МВ. Головокружение у пациентов с диагнозом дисциркуляторной энцефалопатии. Медицинский совет. 2014;(5):22-6. [Zamergrad MV. Dizziness in patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy. Meditsinskii sovet. 2014;(5):22-6. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Замерград МВ. Головокружение у пациентов с диагнозом дисциркуляторной энцефалопатии. Медицинский совет. 2014;(5):22-6. [Zamergrad MV. Dizziness in patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy. Meditsinskii sovet. 2014;(5):22-6. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brandt T, Bronstein AM. Cervical vertigo. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2001 Jul;71(1):8-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brandt T, Bronstein AM. Cervical vertigo. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2001 Jul;71(1):8-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Парфенов ВА, Замерград МВ, Мельников ОА. Головокружение: диагностика и лечение, распространенные диагностические ошибки. Москва: МИА; 2009. 152 С. [Parfenov VA, Zamergrad MV, Mel'nikov OA. Golovokruzhenie: diagnostika i lechenie, rasprostranennye diagnosticheskie oshibki [Dizziness: diagnosis and treatment, common diagnostic errors]. Moscow: MIA; 2009. 152 P.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Парфенов ВА, Замерград МВ, Мельников ОА. Головокружение: диагностика и лечение, распространенные диагностические ошибки. Москва: МИА; 2009. 152 С. [Parfenov VA, Zamergrad MV, Mel'nikov OA. Golovokruzhenie: diagnostika i lechenie, rasprostranennye diagnosticheskie oshibki [Dizziness: diagnosis and treatment, common diagnostic errors]. Moscow: MIA; 2009. 152 P.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Толмачева ВА, Парфенов ВА. Причины головокружения у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией и его лечение. Врач. 2007;(4):49-53. [Tolmacheva VA, Parfenov VA. Causes of dizziness in patients with arterial hypertension and its treatment. Vrach. 2007;(4):49-53. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Толмачева ВА, Парфенов ВА. Причины головокружения у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией и его лечение. Врач. 2007;(4):49-53. [Tolmacheva VA, Parfenov VA. Causes of dizziness in patients with arterial hypertension and its treatment. Vrach. 2007;(4):49-53. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смулевич АБ. Психокардиология и основные аспекты психосоматической медицины. Психиатрия и психофармакотерапия. 2005;7(3):6-9. [Smulevich AB. Psychocardiology and the main aspects of psychosomatic medicine. Psikhiatriya i psikhofarmakoterapiya. 2005;7(3):6-9. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Смулевич АБ. Психокардиология и основные аспекты психосоматической медицины. Психиатрия и психофармакотерапия. 2005;7(3):6-9. [Smulevich AB. Psychocardiology and the main aspects of psychosomatic medicine. Psikhiatriya i psikhofarmakoterapiya. 2005;7(3):6-9. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosengren A, Hauken S, Ounpuu S, et al. Association of psychosocial risk factors with risk of acute myocardial infarction in 11 119 cases and 13 648 controls from 52 countries (the INTER-HEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004 Sep 11-17;364(9438):953-62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosengren A, Hauken S, Ounpuu S, et al. Association of psychosocial risk factors with risk of acute myocardial infarction in 11 119 cases and 13 648 controls from 52 countries (the INTER-HEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004 Sep 11-17;364(9438):953-62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юдина НВ, Ишутина НП, Раева ТВ. Психические расстройства на начальных стадиях эссенциальной артериальной гипертензии. Медицинская наука и образование Урала. 2009;(1):70-3. [Yudina NV, Ishutina NP, Raeva TV. Mental disorders in the initial stages of essential arterial hypertension. Meditsinskaya nauka i obrazovanie Urala. 2009;(1):70-3. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Юдина НВ, Ишутина НП, Раева ТВ. Психические расстройства на начальных стадиях эссенциальной артериальной гипертензии. Медицинская наука и образование Урала. 2009;(1):70-3. [Yudina NV, Ishutina NP, Raeva TV. Mental disorders in the initial stages of essential arterial hypertension. Meditsinskaya nauka i obrazovanie Urala. 2009;(1):70-3. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смулевич АБ. Лекции по психосоматике. Москва: МИА; 2014. С. 101-14. [Smulevich AB. Lektsii po psikhosomatike [Lectures on psychosomatics]. Moskcow: MIA; 2014. P. 101-14.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Смулевич АБ. Лекции по психосоматике. Москва: МИА; 2014. С. 101-14. [Smulevich AB. Lektsii po psikhosomatike [Lectures on psychosomatics]. Moskcow: MIA; 2014. P. 101-14.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanner AM. Depression in neurological disorders. Lundbec Inst; 2005. 161 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanner AM. Depression in neurological disorders. Lundbec Inst; 2005. 161 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skoog I, Lernfelt B, Landahl S, et al. 15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia. Lancet. 1996 Apr 27;347(9009): 1141-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skoog I, Lernfelt B, Landahl S, et al. 15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia. Lancet. 1996 Apr 27;347(9009): 1141-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skoog I. The assotiation between midlife blood pressure levels and late–life cognitive function. Biomed Pharmacother. 1997;51(9):367-75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skoog I. The assotiation between midlife blood pressure levels and late–life cognitive function. Biomed Pharmacother. 1997;51(9):367-75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Launer L, Masaki K, Petrovich H, et al. The association between midlife blood pressure level and late-life cognitive function. The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. JAMA. 1995 Dec 20;274(23):1846-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Launer L, Masaki K, Petrovich H, et al. The association between midlife blood pressure level and late-life cognitive function. The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. JAMA. 1995 Dec 20;274(23):1846-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruitenberg A, Skoog I, Ott A, et al. Blood pressure and risk of dementia: results from the Rotterdam study and the Gothenburg H-70 Study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2001 JanFeb;12(1):33-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruitenberg A, Skoog I, Ott A, et al. Blood pressure and risk of dementia: results from the Rotterdam study and the Gothenburg H-70 Study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2001 JanFeb;12(1):33-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kivipelto M, Ngandu T, Laatikainen T, et al. Risk score for the prediction of dementia risk in 20 years among middle aged people: a longitudinal, population-based study. Lancet Neurol. 2006 Sep;5(9):735-41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kivipelto M, Ngandu T, Laatikainen T, et al. Risk score for the prediction of dementia risk in 20 years among middle aged people: a longitudinal, population-based study. Lancet Neurol. 2006 Sep;5(9):735-41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Старчина ЮА, Парфенов ВА, Чазова ИЕ и др. Когнитивные расстройства у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С.Корсакова. 2008;(4):19-23. [Starchina YuA, Parfenov VA, Chazova I, et al. Cognitive disorders in patients with arterial hypertension. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S.Korsakova. 2008;(4):19-23. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Старчина ЮА, Парфенов ВА, Чазова ИЕ и др. Когнитивные расстройства у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С.Корсакова. 2008;(4):19-23. [Starchina YuA, Parfenov VA, Chazova I, et al. Cognitive disorders in patients with arterial hypertension. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S.Korsakova. 2008;(4):19-23. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Парфенов ВА, Старчина ЮА. Когнитивные нарушения у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией – начальные проявления сосудистой патологии головного мозга. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2011;3(1):27-33. [Parfenov VA, Starchina YuA. Cognitive disorders in patients with essential hypertension and their treatment. Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, neuropsychiatry, psychosomatics. 2011;3(1): 27-33. (In Russ.)]. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2011-130</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Парфенов ВА, Старчина ЮА. Когнитивные нарушения у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией – начальные проявления сосудистой патологии головного мозга. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2011;3(1):27-33. [Parfenov VA, Starchina YuA. Cognitive disorders in patients with essential hypertension and their treatment. Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, neuropsychiatry, psychosomatics. 2011;3(1): 27-33. (In Russ.)]. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2011-130</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Еремина ОВ. Когнитивные нарушения у больных артериальной гипертензией. Дисс. канд. мед. наук. 2007. 150 С. [Eremina OV. Kognitivnye narusheniya u bol'nykh arterial'noi gipertenziei. Diss. cand. med. sci. 2007. 150 P.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Еремина ОВ. Когнитивные нарушения у больных артериальной гипертензией. Дисс. канд. мед. наук. 2007. 150 С. [Eremina OV. Kognitivnye narusheniya u bol'nykh arterial'noi gipertenziei. Diss. cand. med. sci. 2007. 150 P.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Snowdon DA, Greiner LH, Mortimer JA, et al. Brain infarction and the clinical expression of Аlzheimer’s disease. JAMA. 1997 Mar 12;277(10):813-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Snowdon DA, Greiner LH, Mortimer JA, et al. Brain infarction and the clinical expression of Аlzheimer’s disease. JAMA. 1997 Mar 12;277(10):813-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мхитарян ЭА. Преображенская ИС. Болезнь Альцгеймера и цереброваскулярные расстройства. Неврологический журнал. 2006;(Приложение 1):4-12. [Mkhitaryan EA. Preobrazhenskaya IS. Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disorders. Nevrologicheskii zhurnal. 2006;(S1):4-12. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Мхитарян ЭА. Преображенская ИС. Болезнь Альцгеймера и цереброваскулярные расстройства. Неврологический журнал. 2006;(Приложение 1):4-12. [Mkhitaryan EA. Preobrazhenskaya IS. Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disorders. Nevrologicheskii zhurnal. 2006;(S1):4-12. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Преображенская ИС, Яхно НН. Сосудистые когнитивные нарушения: клинические проявления, диагностика, лечение. Неврологический журнал. 2007;12(5):45-50. [Preobrazhenskaya IS, Yakhno NN. Vascular cognitive impairment: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment. Nevrologicheskii zhurnal. 2007;12(5):45-50. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Преображенская ИС, Яхно НН. Сосудистые когнитивные нарушения: клинические проявления, диагностика, лечение. Неврологический журнал. 2007;12(5):45-50. [Preobrazhenskaya IS, Yakhno NN. Vascular cognitive impairment: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment. Nevrologicheskii zhurnal. 2007;12(5):45-50. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яхно НН, Захаров ВВ, Локшина АБ. Синдром умеренных когнитивных нарушений при дисциркуляторной энцефалопатии. Журнал неврологии и психиатри им. С.С.Корсакова. 2005;105(2):13-7. [Yakhno NN, Zakharov VV, Lokshina AB. The syndrome of moderate cognitive disorders in dyscirculatory encephalopathy. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatri im. S.S.Korsakova. 2005;105(2):13-7. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Яхно НН, Захаров ВВ, Локшина АБ. Синдром умеренных когнитивных нарушений при дисциркуляторной энцефалопатии. Журнал неврологии и психиатри им. С.С.Корсакова. 2005;105(2):13-7. [Yakhno NN, Zakharov VV, Lokshina AB. The syndrome of moderate cognitive disorders in dyscirculatory encephalopathy. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatri im. S.S.Korsakova. 2005;105(2):13-7. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яхно НН, Локшина АБ, Захаров ВВ. Лeгкие и умеренные когнитивные расстройства при дисциркуляторной энцефалопатии. Неврологический журнал. 2004;(2):30-5. [Yakhno NN, Lokshina AB, Zakharov VV. Light and moderate cognitive disorders in dyscirculatory encephalopathy. Nevrologicheskii zhurnal. 2004;(2):30-5. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Яхно НН, Локшина АБ, Захаров ВВ. Лeгкие и умеренные когнитивные расстройства при дисциркуляторной энцефалопатии. Неврологический журнал. 2004;(2):30-5. [Yakhno NN, Lokshina AB, Zakharov VV. Light and moderate cognitive disorders in dyscirculatory encephalopathy. Nevrologicheskii zhurnal. 2004;(2):30-5. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haag MD, Hofman A, Koudstaal PJ, et al. Duration of antihypertensive drug use and risk of dementia: a prospective cohort study. Neurology. 2009 May 19;72(20):1727-34. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000345062.86148.3f. Epub 2009 Feb 18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haag MD, Hofman A, Koudstaal PJ, et al. Duration of antihypertensive drug use and risk of dementia: a prospective cohort study. Neurology. 2009 May 19;72(20):1727-34. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000345062.86148.3f. Epub 2009 Feb 18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perila R, White LR, Masaki K, et al. Reducing the risk of dementia: efficacy of long term treatment of hypertension. Stroke. 2006 May;37(5):1165-70. Epub 2006 Apr 6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perila R, White LR, Masaki K, et al. Reducing the risk of dementia: efficacy of long term treatment of hypertension. Stroke. 2006 May;37(5):1165-70. Epub 2006 Apr 6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo Z, Fratiglioni L, Zhu L, et al. Occurrence and progression of dementia in a community population aged 75 years and older: relationship of antihypertensive medication use. Arch Neurol. 1999 Aug;56(8):991-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo Z, Fratiglioni L, Zhu L, et al. Occurrence and progression of dementia in a community population aged 75 years and older: relationship of antihypertensive medication use. Arch Neurol. 1999 Aug;56(8):991-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khachaturian AS, Zandi PP, Lyketos CG, et al. Antihypertensive medication use and incidence of Alzheimer’s disease: the Cache County Study. Arch Neurol. 2006 May;63(5):686-92. Epub 2006 Mar 13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khachaturian AS, Zandi PP, Lyketos CG, et al. Antihypertensive medication use and incidence of Alzheimer’s disease: the Cache County Study. Arch Neurol. 2006 May;63(5):686-92. Epub 2006 Mar 13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qui C, von Strauss E, Fastbom J, et al. Low blood pressure and risk of dementia in the Kungholmen study: a 6 years follow-up study. Arch Neurol. 2003 Feb;60(2):223-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qui C, von Strauss E, Fastbom J, et al. Low blood pressure and risk of dementia in the Kungholmen study: a 6 years follow-up study. Arch Neurol. 2003 Feb;60(2):223-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Forette F, Seux ML, Staessen JA, et al. Prevention of dementia in randomised doubleblind placebo controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial. Lancet. 1998 Oct 24; 352(9137):1347-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Forette F, Seux ML, Staessen JA, et al. Prevention of dementia in randomised doubleblind placebo controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial. Lancet. 1998 Oct 24; 352(9137):1347-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tzourio C, Anderson C, Chapman N, et al. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Effects of blood pressure lowering with perindopril and indapamide therapy on dementia and cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Arch Intern Med. 2003 May 12;163(9):1069-75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tzourio C, Anderson C, Chapman N, et al. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Effects of blood pressure lowering with perindopril and indapamide therapy on dementia and cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Arch Intern Med. 2003 May 12;163(9):1069-75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertention. SHEP Cooperative Research group. JAMA. 1991 Jun 26;265(24):3255-64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertention. SHEP Cooperative Research group. JAMA. 1991 Jun 26;265(24):3255-64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diener HC, Sacco RL, Yusuf S, et al. Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PRoFESS) Study Group. Effects of aspirin plus extended-release dipyridamole versus clopidogrel and telmisartan on disability and cognitive function after recurrent stroke in patients with ischaemic stroke in the Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PRoFESS) trial: a doubleblind, active and placebo controlled study. Lancet Neurol. 2008 Oct;7(10):875-84. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70198-4. Epub 2008 Aug 29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diener HC, Sacco RL, Yusuf S, et al. Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PRoFESS) Study Group. Effects of aspirin plus extended-release dipyridamole versus clopidogrel and telmisartan on disability and cognitive function after recurrent stroke in patients with ischaemic stroke in the Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PRoFESS) trial: a doubleblind, active and placebo controlled study. Lancet Neurol. 2008 Oct;7(10):875-84. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70198-4. Epub 2008 Aug 29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lithell H, Hansson L, Skoog I, et al. SCOPE Study Group. The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial. J Hypertens. 2003 May;21(5): 875-86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lithell H, Hansson L, Skoog I, et al. SCOPE Study Group. The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial. J Hypertens. 2003 May;21(5): 875-86.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peters R, Beckett N, Forette F, et al. HYVET Investigators. Incident dementia and blood pressure lowering in the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial cognitive function assessment (HYVET-COG): a double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2008 Aug;7(8):683-9. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70143-1. Epub 2008 Jul 7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peters R, Beckett N, Forette F, et al. HYVET Investigators. Incident dementia and blood pressure lowering in the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial cognitive function assessment (HYVET-COG): a double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2008 Aug;7(8):683-9. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70143-1. Epub 2008 Jul 7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yusuf S, Diener HC, Sacco RL, et al. PRoFESS Study Group. Telmisartan to prevent recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2008 Sep 18;359(12):1225-37. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0804593. Epub 2008 Aug 27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yusuf S, Diener HC, Sacco RL, et al. PRoFESS Study Group. Telmisartan to prevent recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2008 Sep 18;359(12):1225-37. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0804593. Epub 2008 Aug 27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilcock G, Mobius HJ, Stoffler A. on behalf of the MMM 500 group. A double blind placebo controlled multicentre study of memantine in mild to moderate vascular dementia. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002 Nov;17(6):297-305.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilcock G, Mobius HJ, Stoffler A. on behalf of the MMM 500 group. A double blind placebo controlled multicentre study of memantine in mild to moderate vascular dementia. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002 Nov;17(6):297-305.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orgogzo JM, Rigaud AS, Stoffler A, et al. Efficacy and safety of memantine in patients with mild to moderate vascular dementia. A randomized placebo controlled trial (MMM 300 trial group). Stroke. 2002 Jul;33(7):1834-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orgogzo JM, Rigaud AS, Stoffler A, et al. Efficacy and safety of memantine in patients with mild to moderate vascular dementia. A randomized placebo controlled trial (MMM 300 trial group). Stroke. 2002 Jul;33(7):1834-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яхно НН, Преображенская ИС, Захаров ВВ, Мхитарян ЭА. Эффективность мемантина у пациентов с недементными когнитивными расстройствами. Результаты многоцентрового клинического наблюдения. Неврологический журнал. 2010; 15(2):52-8. [Yakhno NN, Preobrazhenskaya IS, Zakharov VV, Mkhitaryan EA. The efficacy of memantine in patients with non-dementive cognitive disorders. The results of the multicenter clinical observation. Nevrologicheskii zhurnal. 2010;15(2):52-8. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Яхно НН, Преображенская ИС, Захаров ВВ, Мхитарян ЭА. Эффективность мемантина у пациентов с недементными когнитивными расстройствами. Результаты многоцентрового клинического наблюдения. Неврологический журнал. 2010; 15(2):52-8. [Yakhno NN, Preobrazhenskaya IS, Zakharov VV, Mkhitaryan EA. The efficacy of memantine in patients with non-dementive cognitive disorders. The results of the multicenter clinical observation. Nevrologicheskii zhurnal. 2010;15(2):52-8. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левин ОС, Юнищенко НА, Дударова МА. Эффективность акатинола мемантина при умеренно выраженном когнитивном расстройстве. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2009;(7):36-42. [Levin OS, Yunishchenko NA, Dudarova MA. The effectiveness of akatinol memantine in patients with moderate cognitive disorder. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2009;(7):36-42. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Левин ОС, Юнищенко НА, Дударова МА. Эффективность акатинола мемантина при умеренно выраженном когнитивном расстройстве. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2009;(7):36-42. [Levin OS, Yunishchenko NA, Dudarova MA. The effectiveness of akatinol memantine in patients with moderate cognitive disorder. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2009;(7):36-42. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вознесенская ТГ. Эмоционально-аффективные и поведенческие нарушения при лeгких и умеренных когнитивных расстройствах. Опыт применения мемантина. Неврологический журнал. 2009;(3):49-55. [Voznesenskaya TG. Emotional-affective and behavioral disorders in mild and moderate cognitive impairment. The experience of memantine administration. Nevrologicheskii zhurnal. 2009;(3):49-55. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Вознесенская ТГ. Эмоционально-аффективные и поведенческие нарушения при лeгких и умеренных когнитивных расстройствах. Опыт применения мемантина. Неврологический журнал. 2009;(3):49-55. [Voznesenskaya TG. Emotional-affective and behavioral disorders in mild and moderate cognitive impairment. The experience of memantine administration. Nevrologicheskii zhurnal. 2009;(3):49-55. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
