<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2015-3-93-97</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-538</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACOTHERAPY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАКОТЕРАПИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Experience in using levodopa-benserazide</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опыт применения леводопы-бенсеразида</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Катунина</surname><given-names>Елена Анатольевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Katunina</surname><given-names>Elena Anatolyevna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики,</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Medical Genetics, </p><p>1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elkatunina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бездольный</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bezdolnyi</surname><given-names>Yu. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики,</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Medical Genetics, </p><p>1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малыхина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malykhina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики,</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Medical Genetics, </p><p>1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики,</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Medical Genetics, </p><p>1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Российский национальный исследовательский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of&#13;
Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>93</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Katunina E.A., Bezdolnyi Y.N., Malykhina E.A., Titova N.V., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Катунина Е.А., Бездольный Ю.Н., Малыхина Е.А., Титова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Katunina E.A., Bezdolnyi Y.N., Malykhina E.A., Titova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/538">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/538</self-uri><abstract><p>Levodopa remains the most effective drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The paper considers the mechanism of action, recommended levodopa doses, the time of therapy initiation, and risk factors for motor complications. A few dosage forms of levodopa are currently being used. The results of comparative trials of levodopa-benserazide and levodopa-carbidopa and the clinical experience with Levodopa/Benserazide-Teva are given. An open-label multicenter trial of Levodopa/Benserazide-Teva has shown its high efficacy and good tolerability.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Леводопа остается самым эффективным препаратом для лечения болезни Паркинсона. В статье рассматриваются механизм действия, рекомендуемые дозы леводопы и сроки начала терапии, факторы риска моторных осложнений. В настоящее время применяются несколько форм леводопы. Приводятся результаты сравнительных исследований леводопы-бенсеразида и леводопы-карбидопы, а также клинический опыт применения препарата леводопа/бенсеразид-Тева. Результаты открытого мультицентрового исследования препарата Леводопа/Бенсеразид-Тева показали его высокую эффективность и хорошую переносимость.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>леводопа-бенсеразид</kwd><kwd>клиническая эффективность</kwd><kwd>болезнь Паркинсона</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>levodopa-benserazide</kwd><kwd>clinical efficacy</kwd><kwd>Parkinson's disease</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">ООО «Тева»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salat D, Tololsa E. Levodopa in Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease: Current Status and New Developments. J Parkinsons Dis. 2013 Jan 1;3(3):255-69. doi: 10.3233/JPD-130186.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salat D, Tololsa E. Levodopa in Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease: Current Status and New Developments. J Parkinsons Dis. 2013 Jan 1;3(3):255-69. doi: 10.3233/JPD-130186.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chaudhuri KR, Glough CG, Sethi KD. Parkinson’s disease. Health Press. 2011;144:11-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chaudhuri KR, Glough CG, Sethi KD. Parkinson’s disease. Health Press. 2011;144:11-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poewe W, Antonini A. Novel formulation and modes delivery of levodopa. Mov Disord. 2015 Jan;30(1):114-20. doi: 10.1002/mds.26078. Epub 2014 Dec 5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poewe W, Antonini A. Novel formulation and modes delivery of levodopa. Mov Disord. 2015 Jan;30(1):114-20. doi: 10.1002/mds.26078. Epub 2014 Dec 5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jankovic J. Levodopa strengths and weaknesses. Neurology. 2002 Feb 26;58(4 Suppl 1):S19-32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jankovic J. Levodopa strengths and weaknesses. Neurology. 2002 Feb 26;58(4 Suppl 1):S19-32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blanchet PJ. The fluctuating parkinsonian patient – clinical and pathophysiological aspects. Can J Neurol Sci. 2003 Mar;30 Suppl 1:S19-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blanchet PJ. The fluctuating parkinsonian patient – clinical and pathophysiological aspects. Can J Neurol Sci. 2003 Mar;30 Suppl 1:S19-26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verhagen Metman LV, Konitsiotis S, Chase TN. Pathophysiology of motor response complications in Parkinson's disease: hypotheses on the why, where, and what. Mov Disord. 2000 Jan;15(1):3-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verhagen Metman LV, Konitsiotis S, Chase TN. Pathophysiology of motor response complications in Parkinson's disease: hypotheses on the why, where, and what. Mov Disord. 2000 Jan;15(1):3-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Катунина ЕА, Авакян ГН, Титова НВ и др. Леводопа – от создания к новым разработкам. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2010;(4)110:97-103. [Katunina EA, Avakyan GN, Titova NV, et al. Levodopa – from creation to new developments. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2010;(4)110:97-103. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Катунина ЕА, Авакян ГН, Титова НВ и др. Леводопа – от создания к новым разработкам. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2010;(4)110:97-103. [Katunina EA, Avakyan GN, Titova NV, et al. Levodopa – from creation to new developments. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2010;(4)110:97-103. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karstaedt PJ, Pincus JH. Protein redistribution diet remains effective in patients with fluctuating parkinsonism. Arch Neurol. 1992 Feb;49(2):149-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karstaedt PJ, Pincus JH. Protein redistribution diet remains effective in patients with fluctuating parkinsonism. Arch Neurol. 1992 Feb;49(2):149-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Голубев ВЛ, Левин ЯИ, Вейн АМ. Болезнь Паркинсона и синдром паркинсонизма. Москва: Медпресс; 1999. 415 с. [Golubev VL, Levin YaI, Vein AM. Bolezn' Parkinsona i sindrom parkinsonizma [Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonian syndrome]. Moscow: Medpress; 1999. 415 p.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Голубев ВЛ, Левин ЯИ, Вейн АМ. Болезнь Паркинсона и синдром паркинсонизма. Москва: Медпресс; 1999. 415 с. [Golubev VL, Levin YaI, Vein AM. Bolezn' Parkinsona i sindrom parkinsonizma [Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonian syndrome]. Moscow: Medpress; 1999. 415 p.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шток ВН, Федорова НВ. Болезнь Паркинсона. Экстрапирамидные расстройства: Руководство по диагностике и лечению. Под ред. В.Н. Штока. Москва: Медпрессинформ; 2002. С. 87-124. [Shtok VN, Fedorova NV. Bolezn' Parkinsona. Ekstrapiramidnye rasstroistva: Rukovodstvo po diagnostike i lecheniyu [Parkinson's Disease. Extrapyramidal disorders: a Guide to diagnosis and treatment]. Shtok VN, editor. Moscow: Medpress-inform; 2002. P. 87-124.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шток ВН, Федорова НВ. Болезнь Паркинсона. Экстрапирамидные расстройства: Руководство по диагностике и лечению. Под ред. В.Н. Штока. Москва: Медпрессинформ; 2002. С. 87-124. [Shtok VN, Fedorova NV. Bolezn' Parkinsona. Ekstrapiramidnye rasstroistva: Rukovodstvo po diagnostike i lecheniyu [Parkinson's Disease. Extrapyramidal disorders: a Guide to diagnosis and treatment]. Shtok VN, editor. Moscow: Medpress-inform; 2002. P. 87-124.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яхно НН. Современные подходы к лекарственному лечению болезни Паркинсона. Клиническая фармакология и терапия. 1994;(3-4):92-7. [Yakhno NN. Modern approaches to drug treatment of Parkinson's disease. Klinicheskaya farmakologiya i terapiya. 1994;(3-4):92-7. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Яхно НН. Современные подходы к лекарственному лечению болезни Паркинсона. Клиническая фармакология и терапия. 1994;(3-4):92-7. [Yakhno NN. Modern approaches to drug treatment of Parkinson's disease. Klinicheskaya farmakologiya i terapiya. 1994;(3-4):92-7. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clarke CE, Davies P. Systematic review of acute levodopa and aponorphine challenge tests in the diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000 Nov;69(5):590-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clarke CE, Davies P. Systematic review of acute levodopa and aponorphine challenge tests in the diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000 Nov;69(5):590-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fahn S; Parkinson Study Group. Does levodopa slow or hasten the rate of progression of Parkinson disease? J Neurol. 2005 Oct;252 Suppl 4:IV37-IV42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fahn S; Parkinson Study Group. Does levodopa slow or hasten the rate of progression of Parkinson disease? J Neurol. 2005 Oct;252 Suppl 4:IV37-IV42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kondo T. Levodopa therapy from the neuroprotection viewpoint. J Neurol. 2005 Oct;252 Suppl 4: IV32- IV36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kondo T. Levodopa therapy from the neuroprotection viewpoint. J Neurol. 2005 Oct;252 Suppl 4: IV32- IV36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olanow CW. Levodopa: Effect on cell death and natural history of Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2015 Jan;30(1):37-44. doi: 10.1002/mds.26119. Epub 2014 Dec 11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olanow CW. Levodopa: Effect on cell death and natural history of Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2015 Jan;30(1):37-44. doi: 10.1002/mds.26119. Epub 2014 Dec 11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schrag A, Hovris A, Morley D, et al. Young vs old onset Parkinson’s disease: Impact of disease and psychosocial consequences. Mov Disord. 2015 Jan;30(1):37-44. doi: 10.1002/mds.26119. Epub 2014 Dec 11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schrag A, Hovris A, Morley D, et al. Young vs old onset Parkinson’s disease: Impact of disease and psychosocial consequences. Mov Disord. 2015 Jan;30(1):37-44. doi: 10.1002/mds.26119. Epub 2014 Dec 11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ehringer H, Hornykiewicz O. Distribution of noradrenaline and dopamine (3- hydroxytyramine) in human brain: Their behaviour in extrapyramidal system diseases. Klin Wochenschr. 1960 Dec 15;38:1236-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ehringer H, Hornykiewicz O. Distribution of noradrenaline and dopamine (3- hydroxytyramine) in human brain: Their behaviour in extrapyramidal system diseases. Klin Wochenschr. 1960 Dec 15;38:1236-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rajput AH. Levodopa prolongs life expectancy and is non-toxic to substantia nigra. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2001 Oct;8(2):95-100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rajput AH. Levodopa prolongs life expectancy and is non-toxic to substantia nigra. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2001 Oct;8(2):95-100.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левин ОС, Федорова НВ. Болезнь Паркинсона. Москва: Медпресс-информ; 2012. С. 170-90. [Levin OS, Fedorova NV. Bolezn' Parkinsona [Parkinson's disease]. Moscow: Medpress-inform; 2012. P. 170-90.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Левин ОС, Федорова НВ. Болезнь Паркинсона. Москва: Медпресс-информ; 2012. С. 170-90. [Levin OS, Fedorova NV. Bolezn' Parkinsona [Parkinson's disease]. Moscow: Medpress-inform; 2012. P. 170-90.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holloway R, Marek K, Biglan K, et al. Long-term effect of initiating pramipexole vs levodopa in early Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol. 2009 May;66(5):563-70. doi: 10.1001/archneur.66.1.nct90001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holloway R, Marek K, Biglan K, et al. Long-term effect of initiating pramipexole vs levodopa in early Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol. 2009 May;66(5):563-70. doi: 10.1001/archneur.66.1.nct90001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aquino CC. Clinical spectrum of levodopainduced complications. Mov Disord. 2015 Jan;30(1):80-9. doi: 10.1002/mds.26125. Epub 2014 Dec 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aquino CC. Clinical spectrum of levodopainduced complications. Mov Disord. 2015 Jan;30(1):80-9. doi: 10.1002/mds.26125. Epub 2014 Dec 8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirsch-Darrow L, Fernandez HH, Marsiske M. Dissociating apathy and depression in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology. 2006 Jul 11;67(1):33-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirsch-Darrow L, Fernandez HH, Marsiske M. Dissociating apathy and depression in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology. 2006 Jul 11;67(1):33-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сilia R, Akpalu A, Stephen Sarfo F. The modern prelevodopa era of Parkinson disease: insights into motor complications from sub-Suharan Africa. Brain. 2014 Oct;137 (Pt 10):2731-42. doi: 10.1093/brain/awu195. Epub 2014 Jul 17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Сilia R, Akpalu A, Stephen Sarfo F. The modern prelevodopa era of Parkinson disease: insights into motor complications from sub-Suharan Africa. Brain. 2014 Oct;137 (Pt 10):2731-42. doi: 10.1093/brain/awu195. Epub 2014 Jul 17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thenganatt MA, Jancovic J. Parkinson disease subtypes. JAMA Neurol. 2014 Apr;71(4):499-504. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.6233.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thenganatt MA, Jancovic J. Parkinson disease subtypes. JAMA Neurol. 2014 Apr;71(4):499-504. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.6233.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ku S, Glass GA. Age of Parkinson’s disease onset as a predictor for the development of diskinesia. Mov Disord. 2010 Jul 15;25(9): 1177-82. doi: 10.1002/mds.23068.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ku S, Glass GA. Age of Parkinson’s disease onset as a predictor for the development of diskinesia. Mov Disord. 2010 Jul 15;25(9): 1177-82. doi: 10.1002/mds.23068.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hassan-Baer S, Molchadski I, Cohen OS. Gender effect on time to levodopa-induced dyskinesias. J Neurol. 2011 Nov;258(11): 2048-53. doi: 10.1007/s00415-011-6067-0. Epub 2011 May 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hassan-Baer S, Molchadski I, Cohen OS. Gender effect on time to levodopa-induced dyskinesias. J Neurol. 2011 Nov;258(11): 2048-53. doi: 10.1007/s00415-011-6067-0. Epub 2011 May 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee JY, Cho J, Lee EK, et al. Differential genetic susceptibility in diphasic and peak-dose dyskinesias in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2011 Jan;26(1):73-9. doi: 10.1002/mds.23400. Epub 2010 Oct 13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee JY, Cho J, Lee EK, et al. Differential genetic susceptibility in diphasic and peak-dose dyskinesias in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2011 Jan;26(1):73-9. doi: 10.1002/mds.23400. Epub 2010 Oct 13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schumacher-Schuh AF, Altmann V, Rieck M, et al. Association of common genetic variants of HOMER 1 gene with levodopa adverse effects in Parkinson’s disease. Pharmacogenomics J. 2014 Jun;14(3):289-94. doi: 10.1038/tpj.2013.37. Epub 2013 Oct 15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schumacher-Schuh AF, Altmann V, Rieck M, et al. Association of common genetic variants of HOMER 1 gene with levodopa adverse effects in Parkinson’s disease. Pharmacogenomics J. 2014 Jun;14(3):289-94. doi: 10.1038/tpj.2013.37. Epub 2013 Oct 15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fahn S, Oakes D, Shoulson I, et al. Levodopa and progression of Parkinson’s disease. N Engl J Med. 2004 Dec 9;351(24):2498-508.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fahn S, Oakes D, Shoulson I, et al. Levodopa and progression of Parkinson’s disease. N Engl J Med. 2004 Dec 9;351(24):2498-508.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pakkenberg H, Birket-Smith E, Dupont E, et al. Parkinson’s disease treated with Sinemet or Madopar. A controlled multicenter trial. Acta Neurol Scand. 1976 May;53(5):376-85.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pakkenberg H, Birket-Smith E, Dupont E, et al. Parkinson’s disease treated with Sinemet or Madopar. A controlled multicenter trial. Acta Neurol Scand. 1976 May;53(5):376-85.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rinne UK, Molsa P. Levodopa with benserazide or carbidopa in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology. 1979 Dec;29(12):1584-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rinne UK, Molsa P. Levodopa with benserazide or carbidopa in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology. 1979 Dec;29(12):1584-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brod LS, Aldred JL, Nutt JG. Are high doses of carbidopa a concern? A randomized, clinical trial in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology. 1979 Dec;29(12):1584-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brod LS, Aldred JL, Nutt JG. Are high doses of carbidopa a concern? A randomized, clinical trial in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology. 1979 Dec;29(12):1584-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
