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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2015-2-80-85</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-517</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Neuromuscular disorders in chronic alcohol intoxication</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные нарушения при хронической алкогольной интоксикации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емельянова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Emelyanova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зиновьева</surname><given-names>О. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinovyeva</surname><given-names>O. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">zinovyevaolga@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самхаева</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samkhaeva</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щеглова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcheglova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра нервных болезней и нейрохирургии лечебного факультета ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия &#13;
119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Therapeutics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia 11, Rossolimo St., Moscow 119021</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>06</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Emelyanova A.Y., Zinovyeva O.E., Samkhaeva N.D., Shcheglova N.S., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Емельянова А.Ю., Зиновьева О.Е., Самхаева Н.Д., Щеглова Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Emelyanova A.Y., Zinovyeva O.E., Samkhaeva N.D., Shcheglova N.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/517">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/517</self-uri><abstract><p>The paper reviews the present-day Russian and foreign literature on neuromuscular disorders in chronic alcohol intoxication. The most common manifestations of alcohol disease include alcoholic polyneuropathy (PNP) and alcohol-induced skeletal muscle injury. The clinical polymorphism of alcoholic PNP is discussed. The paper considers a chronic sensory automatic form due to the direct toxic effects of ethanol and its metabolites during long-term alcohol intoxication, as well as acute/subacute sensorimotor neuropathy, the basis for the pathogenesis of which is B group vitamins, predominantly thiamine, deficiency that develops in the presence of drinking bouts concurrent with malnutrition and/or alcohol-related gastrointestinal tract diseases. In addition to nonuse of alcohol and a properly balanced diet, antioxidant therapy with alphalipoic acid and neurotropic B group vitamins is considered to be pathogenetic therapy for neuropathy. The most common and least studied clinicalform of alcohol-induced musculoskeletal injury is chronic alcoholic myopathy (AM), the diagnostic standard for which is morphometricand immunohistochemical examination of a muscle biopsy specimen. The morphological base for this form of myopathy is predominantly type 2 muscle fiber atrophy caused by impaired protein synthesis and a decreased regenerative potential of muscle fiber. The efficacy of antioxidants and leucine-containing amino acid mixtures in the treatment of chronic AM is discussed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Представлен обзор современной отечественной и зарубежной литературы, посвященный нервно-мышечным нарушениям при хронической алкогольной интоксикации. К наиболее частым проявлениям алкогольной болезни относятся алкогольная полиневропатия (ПНП) и алкоголь-индуцированное поражение скелетных мышц. Обсуждается клинический полиморфизм алкогольной ПНП. Рассматривается хроническая сенсорно-вегетативная форма, обусловленная прямым токсическим действием этанола и его метаболитов при длительной алкогольной интоксикации, а также остро-подострая моторно-сенсорная невропатия, основу патогенеза которой составляет дефицит витаминов группы В, преимущественно тиамина, развивающийся на фоне запоев в сочетании с нарушением питания и/или заболеваниями желудочно-кишечного тракта алкогольного генеза. В качестве патогенетического лечения невропатии, помимо отмены алкоголя и восстановления сбалансированного питания, рассматривается антиоксидантная терапия препаратами альфаипоевой кислоты и нейротропными витаминами группы В. Наиболее часто встречающейся и при этом наименее изученной клинической формой алкогольндуцированного поражения скелетных мышц является хроническая алкогольнаямиопатия (АМ), стандартом диагностики которой является морфометрическое и иммуногистохимическое исследование мышечного биоптата. Морфологической основой данной формы миопатии является преимущественная атрофия мышечных волокон 2-го типа вследствие нарушения белкового синтеза и уменьшения регенераторного потенциала мышечного волокна. Обсуждается эффективность антиоксидантов и лейцин-содержащих аминокислотных смесей в лечении хронической АМ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая алкогольная интоксикация</kwd><kwd>алкогольная полиневропатия</kwd><kwd>алкоголь-индуцированное поражение мышц</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic alcohol intoxication</kwd><kwd>alcoholic polyneuropathy</kwd><kwd>alcohol-induced muscle injury</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">www.who.int// Global status report on alcohol and health 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">www.who.int// Global status report on alcohol and health 2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пауков ВС, Беляева НЮ, Воронина ТМ. 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