nnpNeurology, Neuropsychiatry, PsychosomaticsНеврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика2074-27112310-1342"IMA-Press", LLC10.14412/2074-2711-2015-2-75-79nnp-516Research ArticleREVIEWSОБЗОРЫGender features of depressive disorders in womenГендерные особенности депрессивных расстройств у женщинТювинаН. А.TyuvinaN. A.natuvina@yandex.ruБалабановаВ. В.BalabanovaV. V.ВоронинаЕ. О.VoroninaE. O.Кафедра психиатрии и наркологии ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия 119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11, стр. 9РоссияDepartment of Psychiatry and Narcology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia 11, Rossolimo St., Build. 9, Moscow 119021Russian Federation201512062015727579Copyright © Tyuvina N.A., Balabanova V.V., Voronina E.O., 20152015Тювина Н.А., Балабанова В.В., Воронина Е.О.Tyuvina N.A., Balabanova V.V., Voronina E.O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/516

The authors give the data available in the literature and the results of their investigations of the gender features of depressive disorders in women. They analyze the results of studies relating to gender differences in the neurohormonal system from the embryonic period, as well as those in the lateralization of neuromorphofunctional provision of emotions. Based on their clinical observations, the authors discuss the varying roles of menopause in the etiopathogenesis of climacteric, psychogenic, and endogenous depression; in these forms of depression, menopause may be a cause, ground, or trigger, respectively. The influence of endocrine and sociopsychological factors on the development of postpartum depression is considered. The authors unveil the diagnostic and predictive value of premenopausal syndrome with depressive disorders at different stages of a depressive episode: the prediction of depression when depressive symptoms appear in the premenopausal period, as well as the reduction of premenopausal depressive disorders as evidence of intermission. Based on the data available in the literature, the authors consider the clinical features of depression in women: earlier onset; more frequent depressive episodes; greater presentation of atypical symptoms (anxiety, fatigue, increased appetite, weight gain, hypersomnia, and signs of somatization), as well as rarer suicidal tendencies as comparedto men. It is concluded that the gender features of depression in women are due to the whole complex of gender factors, such as neurophysiological, neuroendocrine, and sociopsychological ones.

Представлены данные литературы и результаты собственных исследований гендерных особенностей депрессивных расстройств у женщин. Проанализированы результаты исследований, касающихся половых различий в нейрогормональной системе, начиная с периода эмбриогенеза, а также гендерных различий в латерализации нейроморфофункционального обеспечения эмоций. На основании собственных клинических наблюдений обсуждается различная роль климактерия в этиопатогенезе климактерической, психогенной и эндогенной депрессии; при этих формах депрессии климактерий может являться причиной, почвой или триггером, соответственно. Обсуждается влияние эндокринных и социально-психологических факторов на развитие послеродовой депрессии. Раскрывается диагностическое и прогностическое значение предменструального синдрома с депрессивными расстройствами на различных этапах депрессивного приступа: предикция развития депрессии при появлении депрессивной симптоматики в предменструальном периоде, а также редукция депрессивных расстройств в предменструальном периоде как свидетельство становления интермиссии. На основании данных литературы рассматриваются особенности клинической картины депрессии у женщин: более раннее начало, большая частота депрессивных приступов, большая представленность атипичных симптомов (тревога, усталость, повышение аппетита, увеличение массы тела, гиперсомния, признаки соматизации), а также более редкая встречаемость суицидальных тенденций по сравнению с мужчинами. Сделан вывод о том, что гендерные особенности депрессии у женщин обусловлены целым комплексом факторов гендера – нейрофизиологических, нейроэндокринных, социально-психологических.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.