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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2015-2-61-66</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-514</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Postoperative encephalopathy: Pathophysiological and morphological bases of its prevention under general anesthesia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Послеоперационная энцефалопатия: патофизиологические и морфологические основы профилактики при общем обезболивании</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овезов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovezov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">amolex@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Князев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyazev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пантелеева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panteleeva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Луговой</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lugovoy</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского», Москва, Россия 129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина 61/2</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia 61/2, Shchepkin St., Moscow 129110</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>06</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ovezov A.M., Knyazev A.V., Panteleeva M.V., Lobov M.A., Borisova M.N., Lugovoy A.V., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Овезов А.М., Князев А.В., Пантелеева М.В., Лобов М.А., Борисова М.Н., Луговой А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ovezov A.M., Knyazev A.V., Panteleeva M.V., Lobov M.A., Borisova M.N., Lugovoy A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/514">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/514</self-uri><abstract><p>In vitro and in vivo studies have provided sufficient evidence of the neurotoxicity of general anesthetics and their ability to cause postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). The latter is one of the undesirable phenomena associated with general anesthesia. Recently, the prevention of postoperative cognitive impairments has been of particular relevance because of their high incidence, longer length of hospital stay, higher cost of treatment, worse quality of life in patients, and no approaches to drug correction and prevention. The review gives data on the negative effects of general anesthesia in patients of different age groups, highlights the pathogenetic mechanisms of POCD, and proposes its possible drug prevention and treatment strategies: identification of patients at high risk for POCD and both pre- and postoperative neuropsychological testing; intraoperative POCD prevention using a package of measures and, if inefficient, drug correction of found cognitive impairments just in the early postoperative period.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящее время в исследованиях in vitro и in vivo получено достаточно данных о нейротоксичности общих анестетиков и их способности вызывать послеоперационную когнитивную дисфункцию (ПОКД). ПОКД является одним из нежелательных феноменов, связанных с применением общей анестезии. Проблема профилактики послеоперационных когнитивных нарушений в последнее время приобрела особую актуальность в связи их высокой частотой, увеличением сроков госпитализации, осложнений, стоимости лечения, ухудшением качества жизни пациентов, а также отсутствием подходов к их медикаментозной коррекции и профилактике. В обзоре представлены данные о негативных эффектах общей анестезии у пациентов разных возрастных групп, освещены патогенетические механизмы развития ПОКД, а также предложена возможная стратегия ее медикаментозной профилактики и лечения: выявление пациентов с высоким риском развития ПОКД и проведение нейропсихологического тестирования как до, так и после операции; интраоперационная профилактика ПОКД с помощью комплекса мероприятий и, при ее безуспешности, – медикаментозная коррекция выявленных когнитивных нарушений непосредственно в раннем послеоперационном периоде.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>общая анестезия</kwd><kwd>окислительный стресс</kwd><kwd>нейрональный апоптоз</kwd><kwd>послеоперационная когнитивная дисфункция</kwd><kwd>интраоперационная церебропротекция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>general anesthesia</kwd><kwd>oxidative stress</kwd><kwd>neuronal apoptosis</kwd><kwd>postoperative cognitive dysfunction</kwd><kwd>intraoperative cerebral protection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эйткенхед AР, Смит Г. 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