nnpNeurology, Neuropsychiatry, PsychosomaticsНеврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика2074-27112310-1342"IMA-Press", LLC10.14412/2074-2711-2015-1-87-93nnp-492Research ArticleREVIEWSОБЗОРЫStress-related cognitive and non-cognitive impairments in elderly patientsКогнитивные и некогнитивные расстройства у пациентов пожилого возраста, ассоциированные со стрессомТабееваГ. Р.TabeevaG. R.grtabeeva@gmail.comКафедра нервных болезней и нейрохирургии и Клиника нервных болезней им. А.Я. Кожевникова ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, Москва, 119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11, стр. 1РоссияDepartment of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery and A.Ya. Kozhevnikov Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow 11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021Russian Federation201520032015718793Copyright © Tabeeva G.R., 20152015Табеева Г.Р.Tabeeva G.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/492

Aging is a physiological process that may develop long without manifestations of comorbidities. In the meantime a high proportion of elderly people very often experience limitations in daily life due to impairments in memory and other cognitive functions. Non-cognitive neuropsychiatric disorders, most commonly stress-related anxiety disorders, are a major contribution to maladaptation in these patients. The present studies of the neurobiology of aging enable one to decipher not only the mechanisms that underlie the physiology of brain aging, but also the factors that influence cognitive aging and aggravate the manifestations of cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative disease. The process of brain aging is known to presume the long-term preservation of functional neuroplasticity that is greatly influenced by different lifestyle factors, such as daily social and physical activities, the pattern and amount of food taken, cognitive activity, and stressful life events. These lifestyle factors are supposedly a potent tool to maintain physiological brain aging and a delayed cognitive diminution in elderly people. At the same time, studies of the possibility of pharmacologically correcting age-related (both cognitive and non-cognitive) impairments are promising to improve everyday function in elderly people. 

Старение – это физиологический процесс, который может длительно развиваться без манифестации сопутствующих заболеваний. Между тем значительное число пожилых людей очень часто испытывают ограничения в повседневной жизни в связи с нарушениями памяти и других когнитивных функций. Существенный вклад в нарушение адаптации у таких пациентов вносят и некогнитивные нейропсихиатрические нарушения, наиболее часто – расстройства тревожного круга, ассоциированные со стрессом. Современные исследования в области нейробиологии старения позволяют расшифровывать не только механизмы физиологии старения мозга, но и факторы, влияющие на когнитивное старение и усугубляющие проявления когнитивной дисфункции и нейродегенеративного заболевания. Известно, что процесс старения мозга предполагает длительную сохранность функциональной нейропластичности, значительное влияние на которую оказывают различные факторы образа жизни: повседневная социальная и физическая активность, характер и количество потребляемой пищи, когнитивная активность, а также стрессовые события. Предполагается, что эти факторы образа жизни являются мощным инструментом поддержания физиологического старения мозга и отсроченного когнитивного снижения у пожилых людей. В то же время изучение возможности фармакологической коррекции расстройств, связанных со старением (как когнитивных, так и некогнитивных), является перспективным с точки зрения улучшения повседневного функционирования людей пожилого возраста. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.