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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2014-4-76-80</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-457</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Синдром Вернике–Корсакова</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сиволап</surname><given-names>Ю. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sivolap</surname><given-names>Yu. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">yura-sivolap@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дамулин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Damulin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия 119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia 8, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2, Moscow 119991</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>76</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Sivolap Y.P., Damulin I.V., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сиволап Ю.П., Дамулин И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sivolap Y.P., Damulin I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/457">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/457</self-uri><abstract><p>Wernicke’s encephalopathy and Korsakoff’s psychosis are the acute and chronic phases of Wernicke–Korsakov syndrome, a neurodegenerative process that is caused by thiamine deficiency and predominantly develops in persons with severe alcohol problems. In accordance with classical descriptions, Wernicke’s encephalopathy is manifested by a triad of the following major symptoms: ophthalmoplegia (or nystagmus), ataxia, and clouding of consciousness. The predominance of the subtle forms of Wernicke’s encephalopathy, which hinders its timely recognition and treatment, presents a serious problem. When left untreated, Wernicke’s encephalopathy is characterized by a high risk for a fatal outcomeand transition from acute reversible disorders to chronic irreversible cerebral structural changes associated with the occurrence of memory consolidation. The main manifestation of Korsakoff’s syndrome is the absence of or significant reduction in the ability to store new information with the relative preservation of other psychic functions. Effective care for patients with Wernicke’s encephalopathy and prevention of Korsakoff’s psychosis require that high-dose thiamine should be administered parenterally in good time. Alpha-lipoic acid along with thiamine is used in the treatment of polyneuropathy accompanied by Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome. Untreated Wernicke’s encephalopathy is considered to lead to Korsakoff’s psychosis in above 80% of cases and to death in almost 15–20%. There is complete recovery from Korsakoff’s psychosis in approximately 20% of cases; with the lapse of time there may be a significant recovery of cognitive functions in 25% of cases.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Энцефалопатия Вернике и корсаковский психоз представляют острую и хроническую стадии синдрома Вернике–Корсакова – нейродегенеративного процесса, вызванного дефицитом тиамина и преимущественно развивающегося у лиц с тяжелыми формами злоупотребления алкоголем. В соответствии с классическими описаниями, энцефалопатия Вернике проявляется тетрадой следующих основных симптомов: офтальмоплегия, нистагм, атаксия, помрачение сознания. Серьезную проблему представляет преобладание стертых форм энцефалопатии Вернике, затрудняющее ее своевременное распознавание и назначение лечения. В отсутствие терапии энцефалопатия Вернике характеризуется высоким риском летального исхода и перехода острых обратимых расстройств в хроническую стадию с необратимыми структурными изменениями мозговых структур, связанных с возникновением и консолидацией памяти. Основным проявлением корсаковского психоза служит отсутствие или значительное снижение возможности запоминания новой информации при относительной сохранности других психических функций. Эффективная помощь пациентам с энцефалопатией Вернике и предупреждение развития корсаковского психоза требует своевременного парентерального введения высоких доз тиамина. В лечении полиневропатии, сопутствующей синдрому Вернике–Корсакова, наряду с тиамином используется альфа-липоевая кислота. Считается, что в отсутствие лечения свыше 80% случаев энцефалопатии Вернике завершаются развитием корсаковского психоза, а примерно 15–20% случаев оканчиваются смертью. Приблизительно в 20% случаев корсаковского психоза наступает полное выздоровление, в 25% наблюдений со временем может отмечаться значительное восстановление когнитивных функций.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>злоупотребление алкоголем</kwd><kwd>энцефалопатия Вернике</kwd><kwd>корсаковский психоз</kwd><kwd>синдром Вернике–Корсакова</kwd><kwd>тиа- мин</kwd><kwd>альфа-липоевая кислота</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>alcohol abuse</kwd><kwd>Wernicke’s encephalopathy</kwd><kwd>Korsakoff’s psychosis</kwd><kwd>Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome</kwd><kwd>thiamine</kwd><kwd>alpha-lipoic acid</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brust JC. 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