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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2014-4-51-58</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-453</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The development and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: Some genetic aspects</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Некоторые генетические аспекты развития и лечения болезни Альцгеймера</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Преображенская</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Preobrazhenskaya</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">irinasp2@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сницкая</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Snitskaya</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова», Москва, Россия 119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia 8, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2, Moscow 119991</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Preobrazhenskaya I.S., Snitskaya N.S., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Преображенская И.С., Сницкая Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Preobrazhenskaya I.S., Snitskaya N.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/453">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/453</self-uri><abstract><p>The paper gives an update on the occurrence and development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a condition manifesting itself as a steady reduction in memory. AD is common in the modern population. The reason for its higher incidence rate is the specific features of the current information sphere. Genetic factors that both directly lead to the development of AD and indirectly influence its occurrence are also imperative. At the present time, the genetic bank of mutations associated with the development of AD contains information on more than 300 different mutations. Genetic predetermination of this disease has a negative impact on prognosis and prospects for patient treatment.</p><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. The distribution of hereditary forms of AD in a Russian population was analyzed at the Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. The investigation enrolled 46 patients (13 men and 33 women) who met the international criteria for AD; all had its proven hereditary history. The patients' mean age was 73.7±8.3 years in the men and 73.4±8.5 in the women; the mean disease duration was 29.6±12.4 and 28.0±18.8 months, respectively. The incidence of AD was estimated depending on age, comorbidity, degree of cognitive impairments, and pattern of the disease. Its history was rated using a questionnaire. No genome mapping was carried out.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The patients were divided into two groups: 1) presenile AD (age at its onset less than 65 years; n=8) and 2) senile AD (age at its onset more than 65 years; n=38). There was a preponderance of patients with mild dementia in both groups; however, in the patients with senile AD, the latter was diagnosed at the stage of moderate cognitive impairments in 7.9% of cases. Comorbidity was mild in all the patients. Depression and behavioral disorders were noted in half of the patients with AD; at the same time, behavioral and emotional disorders were significantly more common in the presenile and senile AD groups, respectively. The prevalence of senile AD was shown to be 4.7 timesgreater than that of presenile AD, as shown by our data). The performed investigation could reveal some features of the course and clinical presentation of both genetically determined AD as a whole and its senile and presenile forms in particular.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье представлены современные данные о возникновении и развитии болезни Альцгеймера (БА) – заболевания, проявляющегося неуклонным снижением памяти. БА широко распространена в современной популяции; согласно данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, в XXI в. следует ожидать эпидемии этого заболевания. Причиной роста заболеваемости являются особенности современной информационной сферы – рост объемов информации, ее низкое качество, сложность обработки, изменение паттернов обучения, низкая приспособленность человека к жизни в информационном пространстве, стрессы, тревожные расстройства, социальная изоляция. Крайне важны и генетические факторы, как непосредственно приводящие к развитию БА, так и опосредованно влияющие на возможность ее возникновения. В настоящее время генетический банк мутаций, так или иначе связанных с развитием БА, содержит сведения более чем о 300 вариантах различных мутаций. Генетическая предопределенность данного заболевания, согласно данным большинства исследователей, оказывает негативное влияние на прогноз и перспективу лечения пациентов. Нами проанализировано распределение наследственных форм БА в российской популяции. Исследование выполнено на базе клиники нервных болезней Первого МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова. Оценена заболеваемость БА в зависимости от возраста, сопутствующей патологии, тяжести когнитивных нарушений, характера течения заболевания. В исследование были включены пациенты, удовлетворявшие международным критериям БА, все – с доказанным наследственным анамнезом заболевания. Оценка анамнеза проводилась методом анкетирования. Картирование генома не выполнялось. Проведенное исследование позволило выявить некоторые особенности течения и клинической картины как генетически детерминированной БА в целом, так и, в частности, сенильной и пресенильной ее форм.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>генетические факторы</kwd><kwd>наследственная форма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genetic factors of Alzheimer’s disease</kwd><kwd>hereditary form of Alzheimer’s disease</kwd><kwd>presenile Alzheimer’s disease</kwd><kwd>senile Alzheimer’s disease</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аршавский ЮИ. Роль аутоиммуных механизмов в инициации болезни Альцгеймера. Иммунология. 2011;32(4):216–21. [Arshavskii YuI. The role of autoimmune mechanisms in the initiation of Alzheimer disease. Immunologiya. 2011;32(4):216–21. 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