<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2014-3-80-84</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-442</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Current therapy for Parkinson's disease</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современная терапия болезни Паркинсона</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Обухова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Obukhova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва, Россия 119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow, Russia 8, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2, Moscow 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nasta-duk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>84</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Obukhova A.V., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Обухова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Obukhova A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/442">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/442</self-uri><abstract><p>The main goal of therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) is to correct dopamine deficiency in the nigrostriatal system. Levodopa preparations and dopamine receptor agonists (DRAs) that are prescribed with regards to patient age and disease severity are mainly used now. Notwithstanding the fact that levodopa preparations are the gold standard of therapy, their long-term use gives rise to complications as motor fluctuations and drug-induced dyskinesias. The currently available DRAs are the drugs of choice for the therapy of early-stage PD as they are as effective as levodopa preparations. In extensive-stage PD, DRAs are used to enhance the therapy and correction of developed motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. Pramipexole is one of the most commonly used representatives of non-ergoline DRAs. The paper analyzes the efficacy of the medication used as both monotherapy and part of combined therapy, its effect on tremor and depression in PD. A novel extended-release formulation of pramipexole is considered separately. Both immediate- and extended-release pramipexole formulations contain the same active ingredient and have the same dopamine-receptor interaction profile, but differ in the tablet release rate of the active ingredient. The advantages of the novel formulation are its more steady-state plasma concentration and 24-hour action, which ensures continuous dopaminergic stimulation ofpostsynaptic receptors to prevent and treat already developed motor complications. The once-daily extended-release formulation of the drug makes its treatment regimen easier and patient compliance higher.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Основной целью терапии болезни Паркинсона (БП) является коррекция дефицита дофамина в нигростриарной системе. В настоящее время применяются главным образом препараты леводопы и агонисты дофаминовых рецепторов (АДР), которые назначают с учетом возраста пациента и тяжести заболевания. Несмотря на то что препараты леводопы являются «золотым стандартом» терапии, их длительное использование ведет к развитию осложнений в виде моторных флуктуаций и лекарственных дискинезий. Современные АДР являются препаратами выбора для терапии ранних стадий БП, так как по эффективности не уступают препаратам леводопы. На развернутых стадиях БП АДР используются с целью усиления терапии и коррекции уже развившихся моторных флуктуаций и дискинезий. Одним из наиболее широко применяемых представителей неэрголиновых АДР является прамипексол. В статье анализируются эффективность применения препарата как в виде монотерапии, так и в составе комбинированного лечения, его влияние на тремор и депрессию при БП. Отдельно рассмотрена новая форма прамипексола с длительным (пролонгированным) высвобождением. Обе формы прамипексола, немедленного и постепенного высвобождения, содержат одну и ту же активную субстанцию, имеют похожий профиль взаимодействия с дофаминовыми рецепторами, отличие состоит лишь в скорости высвобождения активного вещества из таблетки. Преимуществами новой формы являются более стабильная концентрация препарата в плазме и 24-часовая продолжительность действия, что обеспечивает постоянную дофаминергическую стимуляцию постсинаптических рецепторов для профилактики возникновения и терапии уже развившихся двигательных осложнений. Применение препарата с постепенным высвобождением один раз в день упрощает схему лечения и повышает приверженность больных терапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Паркинсона</kwd><kwd>агонисты дофаминовых рецепторов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Parkinson's disease</kwd><kwd>dopamine receptor agonists</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Артемьев ДВ. Эволюция дофаминергической терапии болезни Паркинсона. В кн.: Болезнь Паркинсона и расстройства движений. Руководство для врачей. Под ред. С.Н. Иллариошкина, Н.Н. Яхно. Москва: НЦН РАМН; 2008. С. 147–50. [Artem'ev DV. Evolution of dofaminergic therapy of an illness of Parkinson. In: Bolezn' Parkinsona i rasstroistva dvizhenii. Rukovodstvo dlya vrachei [Parkinson's</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Артемьев ДВ. Эволюция дофаминергической терапии болезни Паркинсона. В кн.: Болезнь Паркинсона и расстройства движений. Руководство для врачей. Под ред. С.Н. Иллариошкина, Н.Н. Яхно. Москва: НЦН РАМН; 2008. С. 147–50. [Artem'ev DV. Evolution of dofaminergic therapy of an illness of Parkinson. In: Bolezn' Parkinsona i rasstroistva dvizhenii. Rukovodstvo dlya vrachei [Parkinson's</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">illness and disorders of the movements. The guide for doctors]. Illarioshkin SN, Yakhno NN, etidors. Moscow: NTsN RAMN; 2008. P. 147–50.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">illness and disorders of the movements. The guide for doctors]. Illarioshkin SN, Yakhno NN, etidors. Moscow: NTsN RAMN; 2008. P. 147–50.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Claveria LE, Calne DB, Allen JG. «On-off» phenomena related to high plasma levodopa. Br Med J. 1973;2(5867):641–3. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.5867.641.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Claveria LE, Calne DB, Allen JG. «On-off» phenomena related to high plasma levodopa. Br Med J. 1973;2(5867):641–3. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.5867.641.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tolosa ES, Martin WE, Cohen HP, Jacobson RL. Patterns of clinical response and plasma dopa levels in Parkinson's disease. Neurology. 1975 Feb;25(2):177–83. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.25.2.177.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tolosa ES, Martin WE, Cohen HP, Jacobson RL. Patterns of clinical response and plasma dopa levels in Parkinson's disease. Neurology. 1975 Feb;25(2):177–83. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.25.2.177.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quinn N, Parkes JD, Marsden CD. Control of on/off phenomenon by continuous intravenous infusion of levodopa. Neurology. 1984 Sep;34(9):1131–6. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.34.9.1131.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quinn N, Parkes JD, Marsden CD. Control of on/off phenomenon by continuous intravenous infusion of levodopa. Neurology. 1984 Sep;34(9):1131–6. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.34.9.1131.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федорова НВ, Кулуа ТК. Опыт применения прамипексола в лечении болезни Паркинсона. Consilium Medicum. 2007;9(2):103–7. [Fedorova NV, Kulua TK. Experience of application of a pramipeksol in treatment of an illness of Parkinson. Consilium Medicum. 2007;9(2):103–7. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Федорова НВ, Кулуа ТК. Опыт применения прамипексола в лечении болезни Паркинсона. Consilium Medicum. 2007;9(2):103–7. [Fedorova NV, Kulua TK. Experience of application of a pramipeksol in treatment of an illness of Parkinson. Consilium Medicum. 2007;9(2):103–7. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яхно НН, Нодель МР, Федорова НВ и др. Эффективность и переносимость прамипексола (Мирапекса) при продолжительной терапии у пациентов с болезнью Паркинсона. Неврологический журнал. 2004;9(3):25–30. [Yakhno NN, Nodel' MR, Fedorova NV, et al. Efficacy and tolerance of pramipexol (mirapex) in long-term therapy of patients with Parkinson's disease. Nevrologicheskii zhurnal. 2004;9(3):25–30. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Яхно НН, Нодель МР, Федорова НВ и др. Эффективность и переносимость прамипексола (Мирапекса) при продолжительной терапии у пациентов с болезнью Паркинсона. Неврологический журнал. 2004;9(3):25–30. [Yakhno NN, Nodel' MR, Fedorova NV, et al. Efficacy and tolerance of pramipexol (mirapex) in long-term therapy of patients with Parkinson's disease. Nevrologicheskii zhurnal. 2004;9(3):25–30. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иллариошкин СН, Иванова-Смоленская ИА, Загоровская ТБ и др. Семилетний опыт применения Мирапекса у больных с различными формами первичного паркинсонизма. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2006;106(11):1–8. [Illarioshkin SN, Ivanova-Smolenskaya IA, Zagorovskaya TB, et al. Seven years’ experience of application of Mirapeks for patients with various forms of primary parkinsonism. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2006;106(11):1–8. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Иллариошкин СН, Иванова-Смоленская ИА, Загоровская ТБ и др. Семилетний опыт применения Мирапекса у больных с различными формами первичного паркинсонизма. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2006;106(11):1–8. [Illarioshkin SN, Ivanova-Smolenskaya IA, Zagorovskaya TB, et al. Seven years’ experience of application of Mirapeks for patients with various forms of primary parkinsonism. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2006;106(11):1–8. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reichmann H, Brecht MH, Kö ster J, at al. Pramipexole in routine clinical practice: a prospective observational trial in Parkinson’s disease. CNS Drugs. 2003;17(13):965–73. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200317130-00003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reichmann H, Brecht MH, Kö ster J, at al. Pramipexole in routine clinical practice: a prospective observational trial in Parkinson’s disease. CNS Drugs. 2003;17(13):965–73. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200317130-00003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piercey MF. Pharmacology of pramipexole, a dopamine D3-preferring, agonist useful in treating Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1998 May-Jun;21(3):141–51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piercey MF. Pharmacology of pramipexole, a dopamine D3-preferring, agonist useful in treating Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1998 May-Jun;21(3):141–51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hauser RA, McDermott MP, Messing S, et al. Factors associated with the development of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias in Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol. 2006;63:1756–60. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.63.12.1756.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hauser RA, McDermott MP, Messing S, et al. Factors associated with the development of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias in Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol. 2006;63:1756–60. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.63.12.1756.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parkinson Study Group. Pramipexole vs levodopa as initial treatment for Parkinson's disease. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2000;284:1931–8. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.284.15.1931.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parkinson Study Group. Pramipexole vs levodopa as initial treatment for Parkinson's disease. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2000;284:1931–8. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.284.15.1931.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holloway RG, Shoulson I, Fahn S, et al. Pramipexole vs levodopa as initial treatment for Parkinson disease: a 4-year randomized controlled trial. Arch Neurol. 2004;61:1044–53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holloway RG, Shoulson I, Fahn S, et al. Pramipexole vs levodopa as initial treatment for Parkinson disease: a 4-year randomized controlled trial. Arch Neurol. 2004;61:1044–53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lieberman A, Ranhosky A, Korts D. Clinical evaluation of pramipexole in advanced Parkinson’s disease: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Neurology. 1997;49:162–8. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.49.1.162.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lieberman A, Ranhosky A, Korts D. Clinical evaluation of pramipexole in advanced Parkinson’s disease: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Neurology. 1997;49:162–8. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.49.1.162.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moller JC, Oertel WH, Koster J, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of pramipexole in advanced Parkinson’s disease: results from a European multicenter trial. Mov Disord. 2005;20(5):602–10. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.20397.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moller JC, Oertel WH, Koster J, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of pramipexole in advanced Parkinson’s disease: results from a European multicenter trial. Mov Disord. 2005;20(5):602–10. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.20397.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weiner WJ, Factor SA, Jankovic J, et al. The long-term safety and efficacy of pramipexole in advanced Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2001;7(2):115–20. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1353-8020(00)00031-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weiner WJ, Factor SA, Jankovic J, et al. The long-term safety and efficacy of pramipexole in advanced Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2001;7(2):115–20. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1353-8020(00)00031-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иллариошкин СН. Возможности агониста дофаминовых рецепторов прамипексола в лечении болезни Паркинсона. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2012;(2):78–83. [Illarioshkin SN. Capacities of the dopamine receptor agonist pramipexole in the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease. Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2012;(2):78–83. (In Russ.)]. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711- 2012-389.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Иллариошкин СН. Возможности агониста дофаминовых рецепторов прамипексола в лечении болезни Паркинсона. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2012;(2):78–83. [Illarioshkin SN. Capacities of the dopamine receptor agonist pramipexole in the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease. Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2012;(2):78–83. (In Russ.)]. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711- 2012-389.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левин ОС, Бойко АН, Нестерова ОС и др. Влияние агониста дофаминовых рецепторов прамипексола (мирапекса) на тремор, аффективные нарушения и качество жизни у больных с болезнью Паркинсона. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2010;110(2):39–44. [Levin OS, Boiko AN, Nesterova OS, et al. Effect of dopamine agonist pramipexole (mirapex) on tremor, ffective disorders and quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2010;110(2):39–44. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Левин ОС, Бойко АН, Нестерова ОС и др. Влияние агониста дофаминовых рецепторов прамипексола (мирапекса) на тремор, аффективные нарушения и качество жизни у больных с болезнью Паркинсона. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2010;110(2):39–44. [Levin OS, Boiko AN, Nesterova OS, et al. Effect of dopamine agonist pramipexole (mirapex) on tremor, ffective disorders and quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2010;110(2):39–44. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pogarell O, Gasser T, van Hilten JJ, et al. Pramipexole in patients with Parkinson’s disease and marked drug resistant tremor: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled multicentre study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002;72:713–20. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.72.6.713.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pogarell O, Gasser T, van Hilten JJ, et al. Pramipexole in patients with Parkinson’s disease and marked drug resistant tremor: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled multicentre study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002;72:713–20. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.72.6.713.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Артемьев ДВ. Лечение болезни Паркинсона в молодом возрасте. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2010;(3):6–11. [Artem’ev DV. Treatment of Parkinson's disease at a young age. Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2010;(3):6–11. (In Russ.)]. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/ 2074-2711-2010-93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Артемьев ДВ. Лечение болезни Паркинсона в молодом возрасте. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2010;(3):6–11. [Artem’ev DV. Treatment of Parkinson's disease at a young age. Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2010;(3):6–11. (In Russ.)]. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/ 2074-2711-2010-93.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нодель МР. Депрессия при болезни Паркинсона. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2010;(4):11–7. [Nodel’ MR. Depression in Parkinson’s disease. Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2010;(4):11–7. (In Russ.)]. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2010-110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Нодель МР. Депрессия при болезни Паркинсона. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2010;(4):11–7. [Nodel’ MR. Depression in Parkinson’s disease. Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2010;(4):11–7. (In Russ.)]. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2010-110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нодель МР, Яхно НН. Мирапекс (прамипексол) в лечении недвигательных нарушений при болезни Паркинсона. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2008;108(5):32–8. [Nodel’ MR, Yakhno NN. Mirapex (pramipexole) in the treatment of nonmotor disturbances in Parkinson’s disease. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2008;108(5):32–8. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Нодель МР, Яхно НН. Мирапекс (прамипексол) в лечении недвигательных нарушений при болезни Паркинсона. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2008;108(5):32–8. [Nodel’ MR, Yakhno NN. Mirapex (pramipexole) in the treatment of nonmotor disturbances in Parkinson’s disease. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2008;108(5):32–8. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barone P, Scarzella L, Antonini A, et al. Pramipexole versus sertraline in the treatment of depression in Parkinsons disease. J Neurol. 2005;4:1–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barone P, Scarzella L, Antonini A, et al. Pramipexole versus sertraline in the treatment of depression in Parkinsons disease. J Neurol. 2005;4:1–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lemke MP, Brecht HM, Koester JK, et al. Anhedonia, depression, and motor functioning in Parkinsons disease during treatment with Pramipexole. J Neuropsych Clin Neurosci. 2005;17(2):214–20. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych. 17.2.214.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lemke MP, Brecht HM, Koester JK, et al. Anhedonia, depression, and motor functioning in Parkinsons disease during treatment with Pramipexole. J Neuropsych Clin Neurosci. 2005;17(2):214–20. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych. 17.2.214.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левин ОС, Тумгоева АИ. Применение новой лекарственной формы агониста дофаминовых рецепторов прамипексола в лечении болезни Паркинсона. Справочник поликлинического врача. 2011;(8):53–7. [Levin OS, Tumgoeva AI. Application of a new dosage form of an agonist of dopamine receptors of a pramipeksol in treatment of an illness of Parkinson. Spravochnik poliklinicheskogo vracha. 2011;(8):53–7. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Левин ОС, Тумгоева АИ. Применение новой лекарственной формы агониста дофаминовых рецепторов прамипексола в лечении болезни Паркинсона. Справочник поликлинического врача. 2011;(8):53–7. [Levin OS, Tumgoeva AI. Application of a new dosage form of an agonist of dopamine receptors of a pramipeksol in treatment of an illness of Parkinson. Spravochnik poliklinicheskogo vracha. 2011;(8):53–7. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antonini A, Calandrella D. Once-daily pramipexole for the treatment of early and advanced idiopathic Parkinson’s disease: implications for patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:297–302. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S10097.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antonini A, Calandrella D. Once-daily pramipexole for the treatment of early and advanced idiopathic Parkinson’s disease: implications for patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:297–302. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S10097.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eisenreich W, Sommer B, Hartter S, Jost WH. Pramipexole extended release: a novel treatment option in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsons Dis. 2010;2010:612–9. DOI: 10.4061/2010/612619.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eisenreich W, Sommer B, Hartter S, Jost WH. Pramipexole extended release: a novel treatment option in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsons Dis. 2010;2010:612–9. DOI: 10.4061/2010/612619.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Обухова АВ. Опыт применения прамипексола пролонгированного действия при болезни Паркинсона. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2013;23:4–11. [Obukhova AV. Experience of using long-acting pramipexole in patients with Parkinson`s disease. Effektivnaya farmakoterapiya. 2013;23:4–11. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Обухова АВ. Опыт применения прамипексола пролонгированного действия при болезни Паркинсона. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2013;23:4–11. [Obukhova AV. Experience of using long-acting pramipexole in patients with Parkinson`s disease. Effektivnaya farmakoterapiya. 2013;23:4–11. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Обухова АВ, Артемьев ДВ. Новая пролонгированная лекарственная форма прамипексола в лечении болезни Паркинсона. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2012;(4):14–8. [Obukhova AV, Artem’ev DV. The new prolonged dosage form of a pramipeksol in treatment of an illness of Parkinson. Effektivnaya farmakoterapiya. 2012;(4):14–8. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Обухова АВ, Артемьев ДВ. Новая пролонгированная лекарственная форма прамипексола в лечении болезни Паркинсона. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2012;(4):14–8. [Obukhova AV, Artem’ev DV. The new prolonged dosage form of a pramipeksol in treatment of an illness of Parkinson. Effektivnaya farmakoterapiya. 2012;(4):14–8. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hauser RA, Schapira AH, Rascol O. Randomized, double-blind, multicenter evaluation of pramipexole extended release once daily in early Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2010 Nov 15;25(15):2542–9. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.23317.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hauser RA, Schapira AH, Rascol O. Randomized, double-blind, multicenter evaluation of pramipexole extended release once daily in early Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2010 Nov 15;25(15):2542–9. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.23317.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poewe W, Barone P, Hauser RA, et al. Pramipexole extended-release is effective in early Parkinson’s disease. Movt Disord. 2009;24(Suppl 1):S273.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poewe W, Barone P, Hauser RA, et al. Pramipexole extended-release is effective in early Parkinson’s disease. Movt Disord. 2009;24(Suppl 1):S273.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hauser RA, Schapira AH, Barone P, et al. Long-term safety and sustained efficacy of extended-release pramipexole in early and advanced Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Neurol. 2014 May;21(5):736–43. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ene.12375.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hauser RA, Schapira AH, Barone P, et al. Long-term safety and sustained efficacy of extended-release pramipexole in early and advanced Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Neurol. 2014 May;21(5):736–43. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ene.12375.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poewe W, Rascol O, Barone P. Extendedrelease pramipexole in early Parkinson disease: a 33-week randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2011 Aug 23;77(8):759–66. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL. 0b013e31822affb0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poewe W, Rascol O, Barone P. Extendedrelease pramipexole in early Parkinson disease: a 33-week randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2011 Aug 23;77(8):759–66. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL. 0b013e31822affb0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schapira A, Barone P, Hauser RA, et al. Extended-release pramipexole in advanced Parkinson disease: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2011 Aug 23;77(8):767–74. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31822affdb.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schapira A, Barone P, Hauser RA, et al. Extended-release pramipexole in advanced Parkinson disease: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2011 Aug 23;77(8):767–74. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31822affdb.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hauser RA, Gordon MF, Mizuno Y, et al. Minimal clinically important difference in Parkinson’s disease as assessed in pivotal trials of pramipexole extended release. Parkinsons Dis. 2014. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/467131.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hauser RA, Gordon MF, Mizuno Y, et al. Minimal clinically important difference in Parkinson’s disease as assessed in pivotal trials of pramipexole extended release. Parkinsons Dis. 2014. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/467131.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rascol O, Barone P, Hauser RA. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of overnight switching from immediate – to once daily extended-release pramipexole in early Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2010 Oct 30;25(14):2326–32. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.23262.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rascol O, Barone P, Hauser RA. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of overnight switching from immediate – to once daily extended-release pramipexole in early Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2010 Oct 30;25(14):2326–32. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.23262.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тумгоева АИ, Шиндряева НН, Левин ОС. Приверженность к терапии больных с болезнью Паркинсона. Уральский медицинский журнал. 2011;(10):58–62. [Tumgoeva AI, Shindryaeva NN, Levin OS. Patient compliance with Parkinson’s disease. Ural’skii meditsinskii zhurnal. 2011;(10):58–62. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Тумгоева АИ, Шиндряева НН, Левин ОС. Приверженность к терапии больных с болезнью Паркинсона. Уральский медицинский журнал. 2011;(10):58–62. [Tumgoeva AI, Shindryaeva NN, Levin OS. Patient compliance with Parkinson’s disease. Ural’skii meditsinskii zhurnal. 2011;(10):58–62. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Claxton AJ, Cramer J, Pierce C. A systematic review of the associations between dose regimens and medication compliance. Clin Ther. 2001 Aug;23(8):1296–310. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2918(01)80109-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Claxton AJ, Cramer J, Pierce C. A systematic review of the associations between dose regimens and medication compliance. Clin Ther. 2001 Aug;23(8):1296–310. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2918(01)80109-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grosset КА, Bone I, Grosset D. Suboptimal medication adherence in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2005;20(11):1502–7. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.20602.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grosset КА, Bone I, Grosset D. Suboptimal medication adherence in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2005;20(11):1502–7. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.20602.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schapira AH, Barone P, Hauser RA, et al. Patient-reported convenience of once-daily versus three-times-daily dosing during long-term studies of pramipexole in early and advanced Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Neurol. 2013 Jan;20(1):50–6. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03712.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schapira AH, Barone P, Hauser RA, et al. Patient-reported convenience of once-daily versus three-times-daily dosing during long-term studies of pramipexole in early and advanced Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Neurol. 2013 Jan;20(1):50–6. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03712.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белоусов ДЮ, Афанасьева ЕВ, Ефремова ЕА. Фармакоэкономический анализ применения противопаркинсонических препаратов в режиме монотерапии на ранних стадиях болезни Паркинсона. Качественная клиническая практика. 2013;(1):27–43. [Belousov DYu, Afanas'eva EV, Efremova EA. The farmacoekocomical analysis of application the antiparkinsonic preparations in the monotherapy mode at early stages of an illness of Parkinson. Kachestvennaya klinicheskaya praktika. 2013;(1):27–43. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Белоусов ДЮ, Афанасьева ЕВ, Ефремова ЕА. Фармакоэкономический анализ применения противопаркинсонических препаратов в режиме монотерапии на ранних стадиях болезни Паркинсона. Качественная клиническая практика. 2013;(1):27–43. [Belousov DYu, Afanas'eva EV, Efremova EA. The farmacoekocomical analysis of application the antiparkinsonic preparations in the monotherapy mode at early stages of an illness of Parkinson. Kachestvennaya klinicheskaya praktika. 2013;(1):27–43. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
