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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2014-3-69-74</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-440</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Poststroke neuroplasticity processes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Процессы нейропластичности после инсульта</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дамулин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Damulin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>11, Rossolimo St., Moscow 119021</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">damulin@mmascience.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Екушева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ekusheva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>11, Rossolimo St., Moscow 119021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра нервных болезней и нейрохирургии лечебного факультета ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Therapeutics Research Center, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИО неврологии НИЦ ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Reseach Department of Neurology, Research&#13;
Center, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Damulin I.V., Ekusheva E.V., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дамулин И.В., Екушева Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Damulin I.V., Ekusheva E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/440">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/440</self-uri><abstract><p>The paper considers different aspects of neuroplasticity in patients with stroke. It underlines the dynamism of this process and the ambiguity of involvement of the structures of the contralateral cerebral hemisphere in the restorative process. It considers the periods after onset of stroke and the activation of different brain regions (of both the involved and intact hemisphere) in the poststroke period. Particular emphasis is placed on the issues of neurorehabilitation in this category of patients. Delay in rehabilitation measures leads to a worse outcome, the patients must be at hospital longer. It is emphasized that the neurorehabilitaton measures should use strategies aimed at improving plasticity processes at the level of synaptic transmission and neuronal communications. At the same time, of great importance are the processes of structural and functional remodeling of neuronal communications with the involvement of surviving neurons that are located in the peri-infarct area and partially damaged during ischemia. To recover stroke-induced lost motor functions, measures are implemented to modulate the ipsilateral motor cortex, contralateral motor cortex, and sensory afferentation. Remodeling processes, one of the manifestations of neuroplasticity, vary with the size and location of an ischemic focus. The specific features of this process with subcortical and cortical foci are considered. It is stressed that there are genetically determined neurotrophic factors that may enhance remodeling processes in the peri-infarct area, as well as factors that inhibit these processes. The sensory system is noted to have a high potential of compensation, which is appreciably associated with the considerable extent of sensory fibers even at the level of the cerebral cortex.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье рассматриваются различные аспекты нейропластичности у больных инсультом. Подчеркиваются динамичность этого процесса и неоднозначность вовлечения структур противоположного полушария головного мозга в процесс восстановления. Рассматриваются сроки от момента инсульта и активация различных отделов головного мозга в постинсультном периоде (как пораженного, так и интактного полушария). Особое внимание уделяется вопросам нейрореабилитации у данной категории больных. Задержка в проведении реабилитационных мероприятий приводит к худшему исходу, пациенты более продолжительное время должны находиться в стационаре. Подчеркивается, что при проведении нейрореабилитационных мероприятий следует использовать стратегии, направленные на улучшениепроцессов пластичности на уровне синаптической передачи и нейрональных связей. При этом большое значение имеют процессы структурного и функционального ремоделирования нейрональных связей с участием «выживших» нейронов, которые располагаются в периинфарктной зоне и в условиях ишемии подвергаются частичному повреждению. С целью восстановления утраченных вследствие инсульта двигательных функций проводят мероприятия, направленные на модуляцию ипсилатеральной моторной коры, контралатеральной моторной коры и сенсорной афферентации. Процессы ремоделирования – одного из проявлений нейропластичности – разнятся в зависимости от размера и локализации ишемического очага. Рассматриваются особенности этого процесса при наличии субкортикальных и корковых очагов. Подчеркивается, что имеются генетически детерминированные нейротрофические факторы, которые могут усиливать процессы ремоделирования в периинфарктной зоне, а также факторы, тормозящие эти процессы. Отмечен высокий потенциал компенсации сенсорной системы, что в немалой степени связано со значительной протяженностью сенсорных волокон даже на уровне коры головного мозга.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инсульт</kwd><kwd>нейропластичность</kwd><kwd>нейрореабилитация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stroke</kwd><kwd>neuroplasticity</kwd><kwd>neurorehabilitation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wissel J, Olver J, Stibrant Sunnerhagen K. Navigating the poststroke continuum of care. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2013;22(1):1–8. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis. 2011.05.021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wissel J, Olver J, Stibrant Sunnerhagen K. Navigating the poststroke continuum of care. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2013;22(1):1–8. 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