Cerebrovascular diseases, such as ischemic stroke and dyscirculatory encephalopathy, rank second in the structure of circulatory mortality and in total mortality. The prevention of the first or repeat stroke, which is based on the normalization of blood pressure and the use of antiplatelet agents or warfarin, statins, and, in some patients, surgical treatments, plays a dominant role in the treatment of patients with cerebrovascular pathology. Choline alfoscerate (Cereton) manufactured by the Sotex pharmaceutical company is widely used to improve cognitive functions in patients with ischemic stroke and dyscirculatory encephalopathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Cereton used in patients with acute ischemic stroke and in those with dyscirculatory encephalopathy appearing as moderate cognitive disorders. After therapy, there was a two-fold neurologic improvement in patients with ischemic stroke. All the patients reported a good tolerance of the drug. During treatment, all patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy showed positive neurological changes and cognitive improvement. The studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of Cereton used in patients with acute ischemic stroke and in those with dyscirculatory encephalopathy.