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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2014-2S-15-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-419</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Reperfusion therapy for ischemic stroke in the Russian Federation: Problems and promises</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Реперфузионная терапия при ишемическом инсульте в Российской Федерации: проблемы и перспективы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамалов</surname><given-names>Н.А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamalov</surname><given-names>N.A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">shamalovn@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ цереброваскулярной патологии и инсульта &#13;
ГБОУ ВПО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, 1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow 117997</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>2S</issue><issue-title>Special issue "Stroke"</issue-title><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Shamalov N., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шамалов Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shamalov N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/419">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/419</self-uri><abstract><p>Current technologies for treating ischemic stroke (IS) within the first 4.5 hours after its onset involve highly effective brain substance reperfusion techniques (thrombolytic therapy (TLT)) aimed at restoring blood flow in the affected vessel. There has been a substantial increase in the number of systemic TLT procedures after establishing stroke subdivisions as part of regional vascular centers and primary vascular departments in our country. In the past 5 years, the number of IS patients undergoing systemic thrombolysis has virtually risen 10-fold. In 2009–2013, the primary and regional centers of the Russian Federation performed 10,718 systemic TLT procedures mainly in patients with moderate stroke. The further increase in the number of reperfusion procedures in IS patients is hindered by the fact that they seek medical advice too late for acute cerebrovascular attack (ACVA) because the population has low medical knowledge (therefore education campaigns are so important for the population to increase its awareness of the signs of ACVA), prehospital delays and problems, poor organization of hospital admission (delays in diagnostic procedures).</p><p>It is important that the patients should be admitted to specialized ACVA departments as soon as possible. According to the AHA/ASA guidelines, the time between admission and TLT initiation (door-to-needle time) should not exceed 60 minutes. The major factors influencing the door-to-needle time are as follows: the time between admission and neurological examination, that between neuroimaging and its results, that of examination of necessary laboratory findings, that between admission and transfer to an intensive care unit after computed tomography. One may identify the following quality indices of the procedures (necessary diagnostic, therapeutic, and other interventions), which negatively affect the safety and efficiency of TLT: errors in determining contraindications to reperfusion, noncompliance with the protocol of thrombolysis, and further patient monitoring.</p><p>In terms of the available potential of the established stroke departments, it is absolutely real to increase the number of TLT procedures through active information campaigns among the population, which will contribute to the earliest admission of patients with ACVA to the specialized departments, and it is also necessary to make further organizational improvements of the healthcare system for stroke patients at its all stages.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Современные технологии лечения ишемического инсульта (ИИ) включают применение в первые 4,5 ч заболевания высокоэффективных методов реперфузии вещества головного мозга (тромболитической терапии –ТЛТ), направленных на восстановление кровотока в пораженном сосуде. После создания в нашей стране в составе региональных сосудистых центров и первичных сосудистых отделений подразделений для лечения больных с острыми нарушениями мозгового кровообращения (ОНМК) существенно возросло количество процедур системной ТЛТ. В последние 5 лет практически в 10 раз увеличилось количество больных ИИ, которым был выполнен системный тромболизис. За 2009–2013 гг. в первичных и региональных центрах Российской Федерации проведено 10 718 процедур системной ТЛТ, преимущественно пациентам с инсультом средней степени тяжести. Дальнейшему росту числа процедур реперфузии у больных с ИИ препятствуют: поздняя обращаемость за медицинской помощью по поводу ОНМК в связи с низкой медицинской грамотностью населения (поэтому так важны образовательные кампании для населения с целью повышения информированности о признаках ОНМК), задержки и проблемы на догоспитальном этапе, плохая организация при поступлении больных в стационар (задержки при выполнении диагностических процедур). Важно максимально раннее поступление пациентов в специализированные отделения для лечения ОНМК. По рекомендациям AHA/ASA, время от поступления до начала ТЛТ (показатель «от двери до иглы») не должно превышать 60 мин. Основные фак- торы, влияющие на показатель «от двери до иглы»: время от поступления до осмотра врачом-неврологом, время выполнения и получения результатов нейровизуализации, время исследования необходимых лабораторных показателей, время от поступл ния до перевода в блок интенсивной терапии и реанимации после проведения компьютерной томографии (КТ). Можно выделить следующие процессуальные индикаторы качества (выполнение необходимых диагностических, лечебных и других вмешательств), негативно влияющие на безопасность и эффективность ТЛТ: ошибки при определении противопоказаний к реперфузии, несоблюдение протокола проведения тромболизиса и последующего мониторинга состояния больного. С учетом имеющегося потенциала созданных инсультных отделений представляется абсолютно реальным увеличение количества процедур ТЛТ посредством проведения активных информационных кампаний среди населения, что будет способствовать максимально ранней госпитализации пациентов с ОНМК в специализированные отделения, необходимо также дальнейшее организационное совершенствование системы медицинской помощи пациентам с инсультом на всех ее этапах.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тромболитическая терапия</kwd><kwd>ишемический инсульт</kwd><kwd>ранняя госпитализация</kwd><kwd>задержки при госпитализации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thrombolytic therapy</kwd><kwd>ischemic stroke</kwd><kwd>early hospitalization</kwd><kwd>delay in hospitalization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krishnamurthi RV, Feigin VL, Forouzanfar MH. 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