The novel «Bratya Karamazovy» by F.M. Dostoevsky presents a whole series of literary characters whose neuropsychiatric health cannot be considered to be impeccable. Various clinical conditions, such as neurasthenia, mental retardation, epilepsy, obsessive-compulsive and conversion-and-dissociative syndromes, may be retrospectively recognized with varying degrees of credibility and validity in many characters of the novel. In terms of belletristic literature, the description of their behavior and external manifestations is notable for brilliance, richness of content, surprising clinical accuracy, and scrupulosity.