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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2014-2-90-96</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-403</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Cervicalgia, cervicocranialgia, and cervicogenic headache</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цервикалгии, цервикокраниалгии и цервикогенные головные боли</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Табеева</surname><given-names>Г.Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tabeeva</surname><given-names>G.R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Отдел неврологии и клинической нейрофизиологии, кафедра нервных болезней и нейрохирургии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Division of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">grtabeeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБО ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова» Минздрава России, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First&#13;
Moscow State Medical University, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>96</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Tabeeva G., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Табеева Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tabeeva G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/403">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/403</self-uri><abstract><p>Pain syndromes in the neck and head regions are one of the most difficult conditions to be interpreted in clinical practice. Craniocervical anatomical and physiological features are a basis for development of mixed pain syndromes showing as a polymorphic clinical picture in the presence of not only painful, but also tonic muscle, autonomic, postural, vestibular, and other disorders. The current concept of cervicocranialgia is based on the views and convergence between cranial (trigeminal) and upper cervical afferents, as supported by clinical and experimental data. These mechanisms are responsible for referred pain phenomena that are so characteristic of myofascial pain syndromes in the neck, head, and face. Myofascial pain may both be independent and occur in other types of primary headaches, specifically in migraine and tension headache. In these cases, the clinical symptomatology takes the features that are highly characteristic of myofascial pain: referred pain with a typical pattern of its spread, as well as trigger points and pain associated with postural loads and other physical factors. These peculiarities should be kept in mind when diagnosing pain syndromes in the craniocervical region. Current approaches to managing patients with cervicocranialgias encompass relief of pain and tonic muscle disorders and compensation for postural disturbances. For this, it is customary to use pharmacotherapy with antidepressants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and myorelaxants. Effective analgesia in these patients still remains an unsolved problem. Analysis of clinical trials can identify the most effective analgesic and safe agents for pharmacotherapy. The phenomena of myofascial pain determine the expediency of using myorelaxants that exert an intrinsic analgesic effect and reduce tonic muscle phenomena.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В клинической практике одними из самых сложных для трактовки являются болевые синдромы в области шеи и головы. Ана-</p><p>томо-физиологические особенности краниоцервикальной области являются базой для формирования сочетанных болевых син-</p><p>дромов, проявляющихся полиморфной клинической картиной с участием не только болевых, но и мышечно-тонических, вегетативных, позных, вестибулярных и других нарушений. Современная концепция цервикокраниалгии базируется на данных о наличии конвергенции между краниальными (тригеминальными) и верхнешейными афферентами, что подтверждается клинико-экспериментальными исследованиями. Эти механизмы лежат в основе формирования феноменов отраженной боли, столь характерных для миофасциальных болевых синдромов в области шеи, головы и лица. Миофасциальная боль может иметь как самостоятельное значение, так и встречаться при других видах первичной головной боли, в частности при мигрени и головной боли напряжения. Клиническая симптоматика в этих случаях приобретает весьма характерные для миофасциальной боли черты: наличие отраженной боли с характерным «рисунком» распространения, а также триггерных точек, зависимость боли от позных нагрузок и других физических факторов. Эти особенности необходимо учитывать при диагностике болевых синдромов краниоцервикальной области. Современные подходы к ведению больных с цервикокраниалгиями включают: устранение боли, мышечно-тонических расстройств, а также компенсацию позных нарушений. С этой целью традиционно используют фармакотерапию антидепрессантами, нестероидными противовоспалительными препаратами (НПВП), миорелаксантами. Эффективное обезболивание у таких пациентов остается не до конца решенной проблемой. Анализ клинических исследований позволяет выделить наиболее эффективные c анальгетической точки зрения и безопасные средства фармакотерапии. Наличие миофасциальной боли обусловливает целесообразность применения мышечных релаксантов, которые наряду с редукцией мышечно-тонических проявлений оказывают и собственное анальгетическое действие.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цервикалгия</kwd><kwd>краниалгия</kwd><kwd>миофасциальная боль</kwd><kwd>нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты</kwd><kwd>миорелаксанты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cervicalgia</kwd><kwd>cranialgia</kwd><kwd>myofascial pain</kwd><kwd>nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</kwd><kwd>myorelaxants</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nilsson N. The prevalence of cervicogenic headache in a random population sample of 20-59 year olds.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995;20(17):1884–8.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199509000-00008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nilsson N. 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