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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2012-371</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-341</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Imbalances in the elderly</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нарушения равновесия у пожилых</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Zamergrad</surname><given-names>Maksim Valeryevich</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zamergrad</surname><given-names>Maksim Valeryevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Department of Nervous Diseases, Faculty of Therapeutics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Nervous Diseases, Faculty of Therapeutics</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zamergrad@hotmail.com</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>NO1 (2012)</issue-title><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Zamergrad M.V., 2012</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Zamergrad M.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zamergrad M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/341">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/341</self-uri><abstract><p>The paper considers the main causes of imbalance in elderly patients. It gives data on the specific features of the course of the most common vestibular diseases in the elderly, such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Meniere’s disease, stroke, and transient ischemic attack. At the same time the vestibular system-aging mechanisms that are able to induce disequilibrium are considered. Multisensory disequilibrium is discussed as the most common cause of instability in the elderly. Basic treatments for vestibular diseases in the elderly, including drug therapy and vestibular rehabilitation, are analyzed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье рассматриваются основные причины нарушения равновесия у пожилых пациентов. Приводятся данные об особенностях течения наиболее распространенных вестибулярных заболеваний в пожилом возрасте, таких как доброкачественное пароксизмальное позиционное головокружение, болезнь Меньера, инсульт и транзиторная ишемическая атака. Вместе с тем рассматриваются механизмы старения вестибулярной системы, способные вызвать расстройства равновесия. В качестве наиболее распространенной причины неустойчивости в пожилом возрасте обсуждается мультисенсорная недостаточность. Анализируются основные способы лечения вестибулярных заболеваний у пожилых, в том числе медикаментозная терапия и вестибулярная реабилитация.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>головокружение</kwd><kwd>неустойчивость у пожилых</kwd><kwd>болезнь Меньера</kwd><kwd>доброкачественное пароксизмальное позиционное головокружение</kwd><kwd>мультисенсорная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>вестибулярная реабилитация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vertigo</kwd><kwd>instability in the elderly</kwd><kwd>Meniere’s disease</kwd><kwd>benign paroxysmal positional vertigo</kwd><kwd>multisensory disequilibrium</kwd><kwd>vestibular rehabilitation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sloane P.D., Baloh R.W. Persistent dizziness in geriatric patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1989;37(11):1031—8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мельников О.А., Замерград М.В. Доброкачественное позиционное головокружение. Леч врач 2000;1:15-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brandt T. Vertigo. Its Multisensory Syndromes. London: Springer, 2000;503 p.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hamann K.F. Benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo: a disease explainable by inner ear mechanics. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2006;68:329-33.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Korres S.G., Balatsouras D.G., Papouliakos S. et al. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and its management. Med Sci Monit 2007;13:275-82.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Крюков А.И., Федорова О.К., Антонян Р.Г. и др. Клинические аспекты болезни Меньера. М.: Медицина, 2006;239 с.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Сагалович Б.М., Пальчун В.Т. Болезнь Меньера. М.: МИА, 1999;524 с.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gates G.A. Meniere’s disease review 2005. J Am Acad Audiol 2006;17:16-26.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Парфенов В.А., Абдулина О.В., Замерград М.В. Периферическая вестибулопатия под маской инсульта. Неврол журн 2005;6:28-32.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Babin R.W., Harker L.A. The vestibular system in the elderly. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1982;15(2):387—93.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bloom D., Hultcrantz M. Vestibular morphology in relation to age and circling behavior. Acta Otolaryngol 1994;114(4):387—92.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lyon M.J., Wanamaker H.H. Blood flow and assessment of capillaries in the aging rat posterior canal crista. Hear Res 1993;67(1—2):157—65.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fujii M., Goto N., Kikuchi K. Nerve fiber analysis and the aging process of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1990;99(11):863—70.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alvarez J.C., Diaz C., Suаrez C. Neuronal loss in human medial vestibular nucleus. Anat Rec 1998;251(4):431—8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Paige G.D. Senescence of human visual-vestibular interactions. 1. Vestibulo-ocular reflex and adaptive plasticity with aging. J Vestib Res 1992;2(2):133—51.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brandt T., Dieterich M. Vertigo and dizziness: common complains. London: Springer, 2004;503p.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Herdman S.J. (ed.). Vestibular Rehabilitation. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis; 2000.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Curthoys I.S. Vestibular compensation and substitution. Curr Opin Neurol 2000;13:27-30.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gans R.E. Vestibular rehabilitation: protocols and programs. San Diego: Singular Publishing group, 1996;120 p.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hamann K.F. Special ginkgo extract in cases of vertigo: a systematic review of randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical examinations. HNO 2007;55:258-63.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Orendors-Fraczkowska K., Pospiech L., Gawron W. Results of combined treatment for vestibular receptor impairment with physical therapy and Ginkgo biloba extract (Egb 761). Otolaryngol Pol 2002;56(1):83—8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lacour M., Ez-Zaher L., Raymond J. Plasticity mechanisms in vestibular compensation in the cat are improved by an extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761). Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1991;40(2):367-79.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Heide W., Adlung B.B. Schwindel und Nystagmus bei zentral-vestibularen Ischamien: eine Placebo-kontrollierte Therapiestudie mit Ginkgo-biloba-Extrakt EGb 761. Aktuelle Neurol 1998;25:94.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sloane P.D., Baloh R.W. Persistent dizziness in geriatric patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1989;37(11):1031—8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мельников О.А., Замерград М.В. Доброкачественное позиционное головокружение. Леч врач 2000;1:15-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brandt T. Vertigo. Its Multisensory Syndromes. London: Springer, 2000;503 p.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hamann K.F. Benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo: a disease explainable by inner ear mechanics. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2006;68:329-33.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Korres S.G., Balatsouras D.G., Papouliakos S. et al. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and its management. Med Sci Monit 2007;13:275-82.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Крюков А.И., Федорова О.К., Антонян Р.Г. и др. Клинические аспекты болезни Меньера. М.: Медицина, 2006;239 с.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Сагалович Б.М., Пальчун В.Т. Болезнь Меньера. М.: МИА, 1999;524 с.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gates G.A. Meniere’s disease review 2005. J Am Acad Audiol 2006;17:16-26.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Парфенов В.А., Абдулина О.В., Замерград М.В. Периферическая вестибулопатия под маской инсульта. Неврол журн 2005;6:28-32.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Babin R.W., Harker L.A. The vestibular system in the elderly. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1982;15(2):387—93.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bloom D., Hultcrantz M. Vestibular morphology in relation to age and circling behavior. Acta Otolaryngol 1994;114(4):387—92.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lyon M.J., Wanamaker H.H. Blood flow and assessment of capillaries in the aging rat posterior canal crista. Hear Res 1993;67(1—2):157—65.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fujii M., Goto N., Kikuchi K. Nerve fiber analysis and the aging process of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1990;99(11):863—70.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alvarez J.C., Diaz C., Suаrez C. Neuronal loss in human medial vestibular nucleus. Anat Rec 1998;251(4):431—8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Paige G.D. Senescence of human visual-vestibular interactions. 1. Vestibulo-ocular reflex and adaptive plasticity with aging. J Vestib Res 1992;2(2):133—51.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brandt T., Dieterich M. Vertigo and dizziness: common complains. London: Springer, 2004;503p.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Herdman S.J. (ed.). Vestibular Rehabilitation. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis; 2000.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Curthoys I.S. Vestibular compensation and substitution. Curr Opin Neurol 2000;13:27-30.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gans R.E. Vestibular rehabilitation: protocols and programs. San Diego: Singular Publishing group, 1996;120 p.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hamann K.F. Special ginkgo extract in cases of vertigo: a systematic review of randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical examinations. HNO 2007;55:258-63.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Orendors-Fraczkowska K., Pospiech L., Gawron W. Results of combined treatment for vestibular receptor impairment with physical therapy and Ginkgo biloba extract (Egb 761). Otolaryngol Pol 2002;56(1):83—8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lacour M., Ez-Zaher L., Raymond J. Plasticity mechanisms in vestibular compensation in the cat are improved by an extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761). Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1991;40(2):367-79.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Heide W., Adlung B.B. Schwindel und Nystagmus bei zentral-vestibularen Ischamien: eine Placebo-kontrollierte Therapiestudie mit Ginkgo-biloba-Extrakt EGb 761. Aktuelle Neurol 1998;25:94.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
