<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2012-369</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-339</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Neurotransmitters in the regulation of movements and in the development of spastic movement disorders</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нейротрансмиттеры в регуляции движений и развитии спастических двигательных нарушений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Korolev</surname><given-names>Andrei Anatolyevich</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korolev</surname><given-names>Andrei Anatolyevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">koroland.dok@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Suslova</surname><given-names>G A</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suslova</surname><given-names>G A</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">-</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>NO1 (2012)</issue-title><fpage>92</fpage><lpage>96</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Korolev A.A., Suslova G.A., 2012</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Korolev A.A., Suslova G.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korolev A.A., Suslova G.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/339">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/339</self-uri><abstract><p>Much progress has been made in the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of motor control including a complex interaction of sensory, motor and cognitive functions. The identification and investigation of the functional role of the neurotransmitter systems that are involved in the regulation of motor functions offer new perspectives in interpreting the complex, inadequately clarified mechanisms of movement disorders and in developing approaches to their treatment. The organization of motor behavior, including the neurotransmitter anatomy of the so-called motor centers Р the cerebral structures involved in motor control, is extremely complex and requires further investigation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В понимании патофизиологических механизмов двигательного контроля, включающего сложное взаимодействие сенсорных, двигательных и когнитивных функций, достигнут большой прогресс. Новые перспективы в расшифровке сложных, еще недостаточно выясненных механизмов двигательных нарушений, а также в разработке подходов к их лечению открыли идентификация и исследование функциональной роли нейротрансмиттерных систем, участвующих в регуляции двигательных функций. Показано, что организация двигательного поведения, в том числе нейротрансмиттерная анатомия так называемых двигательных центров — церебральных структур, вовлеченных в двигательный контроль, является чрезвычайно сложной и требует дальнейшего изучения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейротрансмиттеры</kwd><kwd>регуляция движений</kwd><kwd>двигательные нарушения</kwd><kwd>спастичность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neurotransmitters</kwd><kwd>regulation of movement</kwd><kwd>movement disorders</kwd><kwd>spasticity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Белова Н.А. Нейрореабилитация. Рук-во для врачей. М.: Антидор, 2002;736 с.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Завалишин И.А., Стойда Н.И., Шишкова И.Е. Клиническая характеристика синдрома верхнего мотонейрона. В кн.: Синдром верхнего мотонейрона. Под ред. И.А. Завалишина, А.И. Осадчих, Я.В. Власова. Самара: Самарское отд. Литфонда, 2005;11—54.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Парфенов В.А. Спастичность. В кн.: Применение ботокса (токсина ботулизма типа А) в клинической практике: рук-во для врачей. Под ред. О.Р. Орловой, Н.Н. Яхно. М.: Каталог, 2001;108—23.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Constantinidis C., Williams G.V., Goldman-Rakic P.S. A role for inhibition in shaping the temporal flow of information in prefrontal cortex. Nature Neurosci 2002;5(2):175—80.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Завалишин И.А., Бархатова В.П., Шишкова И.Е. Спастический парез. В кн.: Рассеянный склероз. М., 2000;436—55.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adachi K., Rhule B.N., Li M. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its receptor in the cerebellum of inferior olive destroyed rat brain. Neur Res 2000;22(4):401-3.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bunin M.A., Wightman R.M. Paracrine neurotransmission in the CNS: involment of 5-HT. Trends Neurosci 1999;22:377-82.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Barando D.E., Ferris C.D., Snyder S.H. Atypical neural messengers. Trends Neurosci 2001;24(2):99—106.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Shumway-Cook A., Woollacott M.H. In: Motor control and practical application. USA, 2001;50—90.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Verma A. Carbon monoxide: a putative neural messenger. Science 1997;259:381-4.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bredt D.S. Localization of nitric oxide synthase indicating a neural role for nitric oxide. Nature 2000;347:768-70.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Peters S. Zinc selectively blocks the action of N-metyl-D-aspartate on cortical neurons. Sciens 1997;236:589-93.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hashimoto A. Endogenous D-serine in rat brain: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor related distribution and aging. J Neurochem 1993;60:783-6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brown D.R. Prion and prejudice: normal protein and synapse. Trends Neurosci 2001;24:85-90.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fuxe K., Agnati L. Volume transmission in the brain: novel mechanisms for neural transmission. Raven Press 1991;260 p.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chesselet M., Delfs J.M. Basal ganglia and movement disorders. Trends Neurosci 1996;19:417-22.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Katz P.S., Clemens S. Biochemical networks in nervous systems: expanding neuronal information capacity beyond voltage signals. Trend Neurosci 2001;24:346-52.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Parent A., Hazrati L. Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. Brain Res Rev 1995;20:91-127.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Бархатова В.П., Завалишин И.А., Аскарова Л.Ш. Изменения нейротрансмиттеров при рассеянном склерозе. Журн неврол и психиатр 1997;5:7-10.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Turski L., Schwarz M., Turski W.A. Muscle relaxant action of excitatory amino acid antagonists. Neurosci Lett 1995;53:321-6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Llinas R., Welsh J.P. On the cerebellum and motor learning. Current Opinion in Neurobiol 1993;3:958-65.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Davidoff R.A. The pyramidal tract. Neurology 1990;40:332-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nicoletti F., Bruno V., Copani A. Metabotropic glutamate receptors: a new target for the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders. Trends neuroci 1996;19:267-71.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kawaguchi Y., Wilson C., Augood S. Striatal interneurones: chemical, physiological and morphological characterization. TINS 1995;18:527-35.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Young A., Penney J., Dauth G. Glutamate or aspartate as a possible neurotransmitter of the cerebral cortico-fugal fibers in the monkey. Neurology 1993;33:1513-16.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Todd A.J., Watt C., Spike R.S. Colocalization of GABA, Glycine and their receptors at synapses in the rat spinal cord. J Neurosci 1996;16:974-82.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Oertel W.H. Distribution of sinaptic transmitters in motor centers with reference to spasticity. In: Spasticity. The current status of research and treatment. Ed. M. Emre. USA, 1999;27-44.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jacobs B.L., Fornal C.A. 5-HT and motor control: a hypothesis. TINS 1993;16:346-52.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Voogd J., Glickstein M. The anatomy of the cerebellum. Trends Neurosci 1998;21:370-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Бархатова В.П., Завалишин И.А., Костюк А.В. Изменения нейротрансмиттеров при боковом амиотрофическом склерозе. Журн неврол и психиатр 1996;4:78-85.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Smith B., Sweet W. Monoaminergic regulation of central nervous system function. Noradrenergic sistems. Neurosurgery 1998;3:109-19.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Minson J.B., Neville A.H. Quantative analysis of spinally projecting adrenaline-synthesizing neurons of C1, C2 and C3 groups in rat medulla oblongata. J Auton Nerv Syst 1990;30:209-20.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Galarreta M., Solis J.M. Taurine induces a long-lasting increase of synaptic efficacy and axon excitability in the hippocampus. TINS 1996;16:92-102.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alexander G.E., Crutcher M.D. Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: neural substrates of parallel processing. Trends Neurosci 1990;13:226-71.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Белова Н.А. Нейрореабилитация. Рук-во для врачей. М.: Антидор, 2002;736 с.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Завалишин И.А., Стойда Н.И., Шишкова И.Е. Клиническая характеристика синдрома верхнего мотонейрона. В кн.: Синдром верхнего мотонейрона. Под ред. И.А. Завалишина, А.И. Осадчих, Я.В. Власова. Самара: Самарское отд. Литфонда, 2005;11—54.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Парфенов В.А. Спастичность. В кн.: Применение ботокса (токсина ботулизма типа А) в клинической практике: рук-во для врачей. Под ред. О.Р. Орловой, Н.Н. Яхно. М.: Каталог, 2001;108—23.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Constantinidis C., Williams G.V., Goldman-Rakic P.S. A role for inhibition in shaping the temporal flow of information in prefrontal cortex. Nature Neurosci 2002;5(2):175—80.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Завалишин И.А., Бархатова В.П., Шишкова И.Е. Спастический парез. В кн.: Рассеянный склероз. М., 2000;436—55.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adachi K., Rhule B.N., Li M. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its receptor in the cerebellum of inferior olive destroyed rat brain. Neur Res 2000;22(4):401-3.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bunin M.A., Wightman R.M. Paracrine neurotransmission in the CNS: involment of 5-HT. Trends Neurosci 1999;22:377-82.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Barando D.E., Ferris C.D., Snyder S.H. Atypical neural messengers. Trends Neurosci 2001;24(2):99—106.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Shumway-Cook A., Woollacott M.H. In: Motor control and practical application. USA, 2001;50—90.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Verma A. Carbon monoxide: a putative neural messenger. Science 1997;259:381-4.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bredt D.S. Localization of nitric oxide synthase indicating a neural role for nitric oxide. Nature 2000;347:768-70.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Peters S. Zinc selectively blocks the action of N-metyl-D-aspartate on cortical neurons. Sciens 1997;236:589-93.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hashimoto A. Endogenous D-serine in rat brain: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor related distribution and aging. J Neurochem 1993;60:783-6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brown D.R. Prion and prejudice: normal protein and synapse. Trends Neurosci 2001;24:85-90.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fuxe K., Agnati L. Volume transmission in the brain: novel mechanisms for neural transmission. Raven Press 1991;260 p.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chesselet M., Delfs J.M. Basal ganglia and movement disorders. Trends Neurosci 1996;19:417-22.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Katz P.S., Clemens S. Biochemical networks in nervous systems: expanding neuronal information capacity beyond voltage signals. Trend Neurosci 2001;24:346-52.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Parent A., Hazrati L. Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. Brain Res Rev 1995;20:91-127.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Бархатова В.П., Завалишин И.А., Аскарова Л.Ш. Изменения нейротрансмиттеров при рассеянном склерозе. Журн неврол и психиатр 1997;5:7-10.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Turski L., Schwarz M., Turski W.A. Muscle relaxant action of excitatory amino acid antagonists. Neurosci Lett 1995;53:321-6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Llinas R., Welsh J.P. On the cerebellum and motor learning. Current Opinion in Neurobiol 1993;3:958-65.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Davidoff R.A. The pyramidal tract. Neurology 1990;40:332-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nicoletti F., Bruno V., Copani A. Metabotropic glutamate receptors: a new target for the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders. Trends neuroci 1996;19:267-71.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kawaguchi Y., Wilson C., Augood S. Striatal interneurones: chemical, physiological and morphological characterization. TINS 1995;18:527-35.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Young A., Penney J., Dauth G. Glutamate or aspartate as a possible neurotransmitter of the cerebral cortico-fugal fibers in the monkey. Neurology 1993;33:1513-16.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Todd A.J., Watt C., Spike R.S. Colocalization of GABA, Glycine and their receptors at synapses in the rat spinal cord. J Neurosci 1996;16:974-82.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Oertel W.H. Distribution of sinaptic transmitters in motor centers with reference to spasticity. In: Spasticity. The current status of research and treatment. Ed. M. Emre. USA, 1999;27-44.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jacobs B.L., Fornal C.A. 5-HT and motor control: a hypothesis. TINS 1993;16:346-52.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Voogd J., Glickstein M. The anatomy of the cerebellum. Trends Neurosci 1998;21:370-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Бархатова В.П., Завалишин И.А., Костюк А.В. Изменения нейротрансмиттеров при боковом амиотрофическом склерозе. Журн неврол и психиатр 1996;4:78-85.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Smith B., Sweet W. Monoaminergic regulation of central nervous system function. Noradrenergic sistems. Neurosurgery 1998;3:109-19.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Minson J.B., Neville A.H. Quantative analysis of spinally projecting adrenaline-synthesizing neurons of C1, C2 and C3 groups in rat medulla oblongata. J Auton Nerv Syst 1990;30:209-20.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Galarreta M., Solis J.M. Taurine induces a long-lasting increase of synaptic efficacy and axon excitability in the hippocampus. TINS 1996;16:92-102.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alexander G.E., Crutcher M.D. Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: neural substrates of parallel processing. Trends Neurosci 1990;13:226-71.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
