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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2026-3-43-48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-2857</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Clinical and neuroimaging features of central canal cavities of the spinal cord: results of our own observations</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинические и нейровизуализационные варианты центральноканальных полостей спинного мозга: результаты собственных наблюдений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6829-7942</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Менделевич</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mendelevich</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Геннадьевна Менделевич </p><p>420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 49 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Gennadyevna Mendelevich </p><p>49, Butlerova St., Kazan 420012 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">emendel@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбанова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 49 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>49, Butlerova St., Kazan 420012 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Mendelevich E.G., Kurbanova A.A., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Менделевич Е.Г., Курбанова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mendelevich E.G., Kurbanova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2857">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2857</self-uri><abstract><p>Despite the development of diagnostic criteria for spinal cord cavities – syringomyelia and hydromyelia – there remains a degree of uncertainty in this area and a certain ‘grey area’ of intermediate cases. Among these is the enlargement of the central canal of the spinal cord, a condition with insufficiently defined clinical significance, which complicates the prediction of the course of the disease and the choice of management strategies for patients.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to identify the range of clinical and radiological presentations of central canal cavities of the spinal cord and the characteristics of their progression, and to develop prognostic criteria.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 104 patients with central canal cavities measuring ≤4 mm in diameter, as determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Depending on the presence of occlusion factors at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ), two groups were formed: without occlusion (n=73) and with cerebellar tonsillar ectopia (n=31). A two-stage clinical-neurological and MRI-based morphometric examination was conducted. The duration of follow-up ranged from 2 to 10 years.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In both groups, the cavities exhibited similar characteristics: a central location, a symmetrical shape, a diameter of ≤4 mm, and stability over time. The clinical picture in both groups was dominated by non-specific pain phenomena and non-progressive scoliotic deformity, requiring interpretation in terms of the myelopathic manifestations of cavitation. At the same time, a significant proportion of the cavities were detected incidentally during MRI scans performed for other indications, and the search for correlations between clinical and MRI characteristics did not reveal any significant associations. In patients without CVJ occlusion factors, the cavities were predominantly located in the thoracic region (65.5%), were characterised by greater length (median 59.9 [33.4; 111] mm) and, in a number of cases, demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in cavity length (17.4%; p=0.005). In patients with ectopic cerebellar tonsils, the cavities were more frequently located in the cervical segment (71%; p=0.008), had a shorter length (median 38.55 [17.0; 68.5] mm; p=0.009) and did not show significant regression.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Distinguishing between central-channel cavities based on the presence or absence of changes at the CVJ level is of fundamental importance for prognosis: the hydromyelia variant is characterised by a favourable course, whereas the syringohydromyelia variant has an uncertain prognosis and requires close, ongoing monitoring.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Несмотря на разработку диагностических критериев полостеобразований спинного мозга – сирингомиелии и гидромиелии, остается определенная неудовлетворенность в этом вопросе и некая «серая зона» промежуточных позиций. Среди них – расширение центрального канала спинного мозга, являющееся состоянием с недостаточно определенным клиническим значением, затрудняющим прогнозирование течения и выбор тактики ведения пациентов.</p><p>Цель исследования – определить спектр клинико-радиологических вариантов центральноканальных полостей спинного мозга и особенностей их динамики с разработкой прогностических критериев.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование было включено 104 пациента с центральноканальными полостями диаметром ≤4 мм по данным магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ). В зависимости от наличия факторов окклюзии на уровне краниовертебрального перехода (КВП) сформированы две группы: без окклюзии (n=73) и с эктопией миндалин мозжечка (n=31). Проведено двухэтапное клинико-неврологическое и МР-морфометрическое обследование. Продолжительность наблюдения составила от 2 до 10 лет.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В обеих группах полости имели сходные признаки: центральное расположение, симметричную форму, диаметр ≤4 мм и стабильность в динамике. В клинической картине обеих групп преобладали неспецифические болевые феномены, сколиотическая деформация непрогрессирующего характера, требующие интерпретации с точки зрения миелопатических проявлений полостеобразования. При этом значительная доля полостей выявлялись случайно при проведении МРТ по другим показаниям, а поиск корреляций между клиническими и МРТ-характеристиками не выявил значимых взаимосвязей. У пациентов без факторов КВП-окклюзии полости преимущественно локализовались в грудном отделе (65,5%), характеризовались большей протяженностью (медиана 59,9 [33,4; 111] мм) и в ряде случаев демонстрировали статистически значимый регресс длины полости (17,4%; p=0,005). У пациентов с эктопией миндалин мозжечка полости чаще располагались в шейном отделе (71%; p=0,008), имели меньшую протяженность (медиана 38,55 [17,0; 68,5] мм; p=0,009) и не демонстрировали значимого регресса.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Разделение центральноканальных полостей с учетом наличия или отсутствия изменений на уровне КВП имеет принципиальное значение для прогноза: вариант гидромиелии характеризуется благоприятным течением, тогда как сирингогидромиелический вариант является неоднозначным и требует прицельного динамического наблюдения.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>расширение центрального канала спинного мозга</kwd><kwd>гидромиелия</kwd><kwd>сирингомиелия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>central canal dilatation of the spinal cord</kwd><kwd>hydromyelia</kwd><kwd>syringomyelia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leclerc A, Matveeff L, Emery E. Syringomyelia and hydromyelia: Current understanding and neurosurgical management. 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