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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2026-2-28-35</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-2812</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The challenges of diagnosing non-convulsive status epilepticus</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Трудности диагностики бессудорожного эпилептического статуса</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7437-5214</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пушкарь</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pushkar</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Николаевна Пушкарь</p><p>105094; Госпитальная пл., 1–3, стр. 1; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana Nikolaevna Pushkar</p><p>105094; 1–3, Gospitalnaya Sq., Build. 1; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tn.pushkar@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3663-6961</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комолова</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komolova</surname><given-names>L. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>105094; Госпитальная пл., 1–3, стр. 1; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>105094; 1–3, Gospitalnaya Sq., Build. 1; Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8321-5864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власов</surname><given-names>П. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasov</surname><given-names>P. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>127006; ул. Долгоруковская, 4; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>127006; 4, Dolgorukovskaya St.; Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Главный военный клинический госпиталь им. акад. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минобороны России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Defence of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Medicine, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Pushkar T.N., Komolova L.Y., Vlasov P.N., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пушкарь Т.Н., Комолова Л.Ю., Власов П.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pushkar T.N., Komolova L.Y., Vlasov P.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2812">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2812</self-uri><abstract><p>   Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is a clinically difficult-to-diagnose form of status epilepticus, often presenting as acute or subacute impairment of consciousness without marked motor symptoms. The limited clinical symptoms and variability of electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns result in a high risk of delayed diagnosis and poor outcomes. There is little data on the frequency of NCSE in patients with impaired consciousness of unclear etiology, its clinical features, etiological structure, and the results of long-term video-EEG monitoring.</p><sec><title>   Objective</title><p>   Objective: to investigate the prevalence of NCSE in patients with altered consciousness of unknown etiology, to describe the characteristics of NCSE from the perspectives of etiology and semiology, and to analyze the results of long-term video-EEG monitoring in this condition.</p></sec><sec><title>   Material and methods</title><p>   Material and methods. Data from 73 adult patients with suspected NCSE who underwent continuous video-EEG monitoring were analyzed. Diagnosis was made using the Salzburg criteria (2015) in conjunction with the standardised terminology of the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society (ACNS, 2021). The study group included 32 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of NCSE.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. NCSE was confirmed in 32 (43.8 %) patients. In the vast majority of these (84.4 %), the condition occurred against a background of coma; in 15.6 %, a reduced level of consciousness was observed, mimicking aphasic and cognitive disorders. In 53.1 % of cases, NCSE developed as a transformation from convulsive status epilepticus, whilst in 46.9 % it occurred as a primary event. Only 37.5 % of patients had previously been diagnosed with epilepsy (idiopathic generalized epilepsy – n = 7; focal structural epilepsy – n = 5); in the remaining cases, NCSE was acute and symptomatic in nature, with the most common causes being New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE), acute cerebrovascular accident, traumatic brain injury, hypoxic and metabolic encephalopathy. Based on EEG analysis, definite NCSE was confirmed in 81.2 % of patients, and probable NCSE in 18.8 %. During treatment, NCSE was controlled with first- and second-line drugs in only 8 (25 %) patients. In the remaining cases (n = 24; 75 %), pharmacological sedation was required. Thus, refractory and super-refractory forms of the condition pre-dominated, with a mortality rate of 21.9 %.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. NCSE is a common yet under-recognised cause of altered consciousness, particularly in critically ill patients. The timely use of long-term video-EEG monitoring and a active diagnostic approach are crucial for the early detection of NCSE and the optimisation of treatment.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>   Бессудорожный эпилептический статус (БСЭС) представляет собой клинически сложно диагностируемую форму эпилептического статуса (ЭС), часто проявляющуюся острым/подострым нарушением сознания без выраженных двигательных феноменов. Ограниченность клинической симптоматики и вариабельность электроэнцефалографических (ЭЭГ-) паттернов обусловливают высокий риск поздней диагностики и неблагоприятных исходов. Имеется мало данных о частоте выявления БСЭС у пациентов с нарушением сознания неясного генеза, его клинических особенностях, этиологической структуре и результатах длительного видео-ЭЭГ-мониторинга.</p><p>   Цель исследования – изучение частоты встречаемости БСЭС у пациентов с нарушением сознания неясного генеза, описание структуры БСЭС с позиций этиологии и семиологии, а также анализ результатов длительного видео-ЭЭГ-мониторинга при данном состоянии.</p><sec><title>   Материал и методы</title><p>   Материал и методы. Проведен анализ данных 73 взрослых пациентов с подозрением на БСЭС, которым выполнялся непрерывный видео-ЭЭГ-мониторинг. Диагностика осуществлялась с использованием Зальцбургских критериев (2015) в сочетании со стандартизированной терминологией Американского общества клинической нейрофизиологии (American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, ACNS; 2021). В исследуемую группу включены 32 пациента с подтвержденным диагнозом БСЭС.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. БСЭС был верифицирован у 32 (43,8 %) пациентов. У подавляющего большинства из них (84,4 %) состояние протекало на фоне комы, у 15,6 % отмечалось снижение уровня сознания, имитировавшее афатические и когнитивные расстройства. В 53,1 % случаев БСЭС развивался как трансформация из судорожного ЭС, в 46,9 % возник первично. Лишь у 37,5 % пациентов ранее была диагностирована эпилепсия (идиопатическая генерализованная эпилепсия – n = 7; фокальная структурная эпилепсия – n = 5); в остальных случаях БСЭС носил острый симптоматический характер, наиболее частые причины – синдром впервые выявленного рефрактерного эпилептического статуса (New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus, NORSE), острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения, черепно-мозговая травма, гипоксическая и метаболическая энцефалопатия. По результатам анализа ЭЭГ достоверный БСЭС подтвержден у 81,2 % пациентов, вероятный – у 18,8 %. На фоне проводимого лечения только у 8 (25 %) пациентов БСЭС был купирован препаратами первой и второй линии. В остальных случаях (n = 24; 75 %) потребовалась медикаментозная седация. Таким образом, преобладали рефрактерные и суперрефрактерные формы заболевания, летальность составила 21,9 %.</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. БСЭС является частой и недооцененной причиной нарушения сознания, особенно у пациентов в критических состояниях. Своевременное применение длительного видео-ЭЭГ-мониторинга и активная диагностическая тактика имеют ключевое значение для раннего выявления БСЭС и оптимизации лечения.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бессудорожный эпилептический статус</kwd><kwd>Зальцбургские критерии</kwd><kwd>электроэнцефалография</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nonconvulsive status epilepticus</kwd><kwd>Salzburg criteria</kwd><kwd>EEG</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The investigation has not been sponsored</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trinka E, Cock H, Hesdorffer D, et al. A definition and classification of status epilepticus – Report of the ILAE Task Force on Classification of Status Epilepticus. 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