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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2026-1-76-82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-2779</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Neurological complications of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a multidisciplinary case review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврологические осложнения терапии ингибиторами контрольных точек иммунитета: междисциплинарный анализ клинических случаев</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3831-414X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оганесян</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oganesyan</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Юриковна Оганесян</p><p>119991; ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Yurikovna Oganesyan</p><p>119991; 8, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">neseren58@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0532-6061</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назарова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478; Каширское шоссе, 23; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>115478; 23, Kashirskoe Sh.; Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-633X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воскресенская</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voskresenskaya</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991; ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>119991; 8, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2; Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9145-0905</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магомедова</surname><given-names>З. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Magomedova</surname><given-names>Z. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478; Каширское шоссе, 23; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>115478; 23, Kashirskoe Sh.; Moscow </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7149-726X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прохоров</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhorov</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991; ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>119991; 8, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2; Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0442-5917</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478; Каширское шоссе, 23; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>115478; 23, Kashirskoe Sh.; Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5637-7189</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апевалова</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Apevalova</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991; ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>119991; 8, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2; Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5565-1327</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахметьянова</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmetianova</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478; Каширское шоссе, 23; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>115478; 23, Kashirskoe Sh.; Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8039-9194</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Набиев</surname><given-names>Ш. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nabiev</surname><given-names>Sh. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991; ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>119991; 8, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2; Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>76</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Oganesyan I.Y., Nazarova V.V., Voskresenskaya O.N., Magomedova Z.R., Prokhorov D.E., Orlova K.V., Apevalova A.R., Akhmetianova A.E., Nabiev S.R., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Оганесян И.Ю., Назарова В.В., Воскресенская О.Н., Магомедова З.Р., Прохоров Д.Е., Орлова К.В., Апевалова А.Р., Ахметьянова А.Е., Набиев Ш.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Oganesyan I.Y., Nazarova V.V., Voskresenskaya O.N., Magomedova Z.R., Prokhorov D.E., Orlova K.V., Apevalova A.R., Akhmetianova A.E., Nabiev S.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2779">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2779</self-uri><abstract><p>   Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has demonstrated efficacy in treating a wide range of oncological diseases, but the use of this group of drugs is associated with the risk of developing serious immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Although relatively rare, neurological complications associated with ICI use are often life-threatening. The most common of these include myositis, myasthenia (with or with-out myositis), peripheral neuropathies, including Guillain–Barre syndrome, autoimmune encephalitis, myelitis, and demyelinating syndromes. This article presents five clinical observations of the development of neurological complications against the background of the use of anti-PD-1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab, nivolumab) as monotherapy or in combination with an anti-CTLA-4 inhibitor (ipilimumab). The cases presented were diagnosed with transverse myelitis, peripheral neuropathies meeting the diagnostic criteria for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and myositis, including in combination with myasthenia gravis. To relieve these conditions, glucocorticoids were used in the form of pulse therapy followed by oral administration, high-volume plasmapheresis, and cytostatic drugs. The treatment provided resulted in marked clinical improvement. The observations presented emphasise the importance of early diagnosis and effective treatment of irAEs as well as a multidisciplinary approach to the management of such patients. To date, the problems of selecting the optimal management strategy for irAEs and assessing the safety of subsequent ICIs use remain relevant and require further prospective studies.</p><p>   In addition to demonstrating the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, the purpose of presenting these observations is to raise awareness among neurologists about neurological immune-related adverse events caused by ICI therapy.</p><p>   The relevance of this task is determined by the fact that the widespread introduction of ICI into clinical practice for the treatment of various malignant neoplasms will inevitably lead to an increase in such cases in neurological practice, which predetermines the need for neurologists to be prepared to diagnose and manage such patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>   Иммунотерапия с использованием ингибиторов контрольных точек иммунитета (ИКТИ) продемонстрировала эффективность в лечении широкого спектра онкологических заболеваний, однако применение данной группы препаратов ассоциировано с риском развития серьезных иммуноопосредованных нежелательных явлений (иНЯ). Несмотря на относительную редкость, неврологические осложнения на фоне применения ИКТИ часто представляют собой жизнеугрожающие состояния. К самым распространенным из них относятся миозит, миастения (в сочетании с миозитом или без него), периферические невропатии, в том числе синдром Гийена–Барре, аутоиммунные энцефалиты, миелиты, демиелинизирующие синдромы. В данной статье представлены пять клинических наблюдений развития неврологических осложнений на фоне применения анти-PD-1-ингибиторов (пембролизумаб, ниволумаб) в качестве монотерапии или в комбинации с анти-CTLA-4-ингибитором (ипилимумаб). В представленных случаях диагностированы поперечный миелит, периферические невропатии, соответствующие критериям хронической воспалительной демиелинизирующей полиневропатии, миозит, в том числе в сочетании с миастенией. Для купирования данных состояний применялись глюкокортикоиды в виде пульс-терапии с последующим переходом на пероральный прием, высокообъемный плазмаферез, цитостатические препараты. Проведенное лечение позволило достичь выраженного клинического улучшения. Представленные наблюдения подчеркивают значимость ранней диагностики и эффективного лечения иНЯ, а также междисциплинарного подхода к ведению таких пациентов. На сегодняшний день проблемы подбора оптимальной тактики ведения иНЯ, оценки безопасности последующего применения ИКТИ остаются актуальными и требуют дальнейшего проведения проспективных исследований.</p><p>   Помимо демонстрации значимости мультидисциплинарного подхода, целью представления данных наблюдений является повышение осведомленности врачей-неврологов об иммуноопосредованных неврологических НЯ, обусловленных терапией ИКТИ.</p><p>   Актуальность данной задачи определяется тем, что широкое внедрение ИКТИ в клиническую практику лечения различных злокачественных новообразований неизбежно приведет к учащению подобных случаев в неврологической практике, что предопределяет необходимость готовности неврологов к диагностике и ведению таких пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ингибиторы контрольных точек иммунитета</kwd><kwd>иммуноопосредованные нежелательные явления</kwd><kwd>неврологические иммуноопосредованные нежелательные явления</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>онкологическое заболевание</kwd><kwd>пембролизумаб</kwd><kwd>ниволумаб</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immune checkpoint inhibitors</kwd><kwd>immune-related adverse events</kwd><kwd>neurological immune-related adverse events</kwd><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>oncological disorder</kwd><kwd>pembrolizumab</kwd><kwd>nivolumab</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The investigation has not been sponsored</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haugh AM, Probasco JC, Johnson DB. 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