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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2026-1-28-33</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-2772</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Delayed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: prevalence, causes and prognostic significance</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Отсроченная диагностика рассеянного склероза: частота, причины и прогностическое значение</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9444-0960</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белкина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belkina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Андреевна Белкина</p><p>125367; Волоколамское шоссе, 80; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna Andreevna Belkina</p><p>125367; 80, Volokolamskoe Sh.; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belkina.a.a@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1072-9968</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367; Волоколамское шоссе, 80; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>125367; 80, Volokolamskoe Sh.; Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Российский центр неврологии и нейронаук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Center of Neurology and Neuroscience</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Belkina A.A., Zakharova M.N., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Белкина А.А., Захарова М.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belkina A.A., Zakharova M.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2772">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2772</self-uri><abstract><p>   Timely diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and early initiation of pathogenetic therapy are associated with a more favourable course of the disease and a lower degree of disability.</p><sec><title>   Objective</title><p>   Objective: to analyse the structure, causes and consequences of late diagnosis of MS among patients at the Russian Centre of Neurology and Neuroscience.</p></sec><sec><title>   Material and methods</title><p>   Material and methods. The study included 125 patients with MS, clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) who were referred for outpatient admission at the Russian Centre of Neurology and Neuroscience between October 2023 and March 2025. The duration of diagnosis and the time from disease onset to diagnosis, the reasons for delayed diagnosis and the correlation between delayed diagnosis and the degree of disability according to the Expanded Disability Status Scale (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS) were determined, and a comparison was made with data from the Russian registry of patients with MS and data from foreign studies.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. The median time to diagnosis was 10.0 [2.0; 42.8] months, and the mean time was 38.3 ± 69.7 months. The mean time between onset and brain magnetic resonance imaging was 29.9 ± 70.8 months, with a median of 5.0 [0.0; 23.8]. The frequency of delayed diagnosis of MS was 67.7 % (65/96). The mean EDSS score at the time of diagnosis was 2.6 ± 1.2 points. A statistically significant direct correlation was established between late diagnosis and a higher degree of disability on the EDSS scale (ρ = 0.331; p = 0.001).</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. Late diagnosis of MS is associated with a higher degree of disability on the EDSS scale. The introduction of standard diagnostic deadlines for MS into clinical guidelines may help to reduce the frequency of delayed diagnosis and decrease the disability associated with late treatment initiation in patients.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>   Своевременная диагностика рассеянного склероза (РС) и раннее назначение патогенетической терапии ассоциированы с более благоприятным течением заболевания и меньшей степенью инвалидизации.</p><p>   Цель исследования – анализ структуры, причин и последствий поздней диагностики РС среди пациентов ФГБНУ «Российский центр неврологии и нейронаук».</p><sec><title>   Материал и методы</title><p>   Материал и методы. В исследование было включено 125 пациентов с РС, клинически изолированным синдромом (КИС) и радиологически изолированным синдромом (РИС), направленных на амбулаторный прием в ФГБНУ «Российский центр неврологии и нейронаук» с октября 2023 г. по март 2025 г. Были определены продолжительность диагностики и срок от момента дебюта заболевания до постановки диагноза, причины отсроченной диагностики заболевания и корреляция между отсроченной диагностикой и степенью инвалидизации по Расширенной шкале оценки степени инвалидизации (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS), проведено сравнение с данными российского регистра пациентов с РС и данными зарубежных исследований.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. Медиана срока постановки диагноза составила 10,0 [2,0; 42,8] мес, средний срок составил 38,3 ± 69,7 мес. Среднее время между дебютом и назначением магнитно-резонансной томографии головного мозга составило 29,9 ± 70,8 мес, медиана – 5,0 [0,0; 23,8]. Частота отсроченной диагностики РС составила 67,7 % (65/96). Средний балл по шкале EDSS на момент постановки диагноза составил 2,6 ± 1,2 балла. Установлена статистически значимая прямая связь между поздним сроком постановки диагноза и более высокой степенью инвалидизации по шкале EDSS (ρ = 0,331; p = 0,001).</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. Поздние сроки диагностики РС ассоциированы с более высокой степенью инвалидизации по шкале EDSS. Внедрение нормативных сроков диагностики РС в клинические рекомендации может способствовать сокращению частоты отсроченной диагностики и уменьшению связанной с поздним назначением терапии инвалидизации пациентов.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>отсроченная диагностика рассеянного склероза</kwd><kwd>критерии McDonald 2024 г.</kwd><kwd>клинически изолированный синдром</kwd><kwd>радиологически изолированный синдром</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>delayed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>McDonald criteria 2024</kwd><kwd>clinically isolated syndrome</kwd><kwd>radiologically isolated syndrome</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The investigation has not been sponsored</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uher T, Adzima A, Srpova B, et al. 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