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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2025-6-135-142</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-2749</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERT ADVICE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОВЕТ ЭКСПЕРТОВ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Musculoskeletal back pain, issues of optimizing diagnosis and treatment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Скелетно-мышечная боль в спине, вопросы оптимизации диагностики и терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1992-7960</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парфенов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parfenov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Анатольевич Парфенов</p><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir Anatolyevich Parfenov - Department of Nervous Diseases, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine.</p><p>11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimirparfenov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7017-0898</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра ревматологии РМАНПО.</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Rheumatology RMA CPE.</p><p>34a, Kashirskoe Sh., Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0834-4030</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вахнина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vakhnina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Nervous Diseases, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine.</p><p>11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4411-7051</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Девликамова</surname><given-names>Ф. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Devlikamova</surname><given-names>F. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>36, Butlerova St., Kazan 420012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-3013</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мороз</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moroz</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>105094, Москва, Госпитальная пл., 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, Gospitalnaya Sq., Moscow 105094</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0439-6287</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1; 117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117513; 1, Ostrovityanova St., Build. 10, Moscow 117513</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5883-8119</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Танашян</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tanashyan</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80, Volokolamskoe Sh., Moscow 125367</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology; Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанская государственная медицинская академия – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical Academy, Branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГКУ «Главный военный клинический госпиталь им. акад. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минобороны России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital, Russian Defense Ministry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России; ФГБУ «Федеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий» ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia; Federal Center for Brain and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Российский центр неврологии и нейронаук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Center of Neurology and Neuroscience</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>135</fpage><lpage>142</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Parfenov V.A., Alekseeva L.I., Vakhnina N.V., Devlikamova F.I., Moroz E.V., Titova N.V., Tanashyan M.M., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Парфенов В.А., Алексеева Л.И., Вахнина Н.В., Девликамова Ф.И., Мороз Е.В., Титова Н.В., Танашян М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Parfenov V.A., Alekseeva L.I., Vakhnina N.V., Devlikamova F.I., Moroz E.V., Titova N.V., Tanashyan M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2749">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2749</self-uri><abstract><p>Nonspecific (musculoskeletal) neck and back pain (NNBP) is one of the most common reasons for seeking medical advice. The diagnosis of NNBP is based on clinical examination, the absence of signs of dangerous disease ('red flags'), radiculopathy and spinal stenosis. If there are no signs of a dangerous disease, early (within the first 4 weeks) instrumental examination, including magnetic resonance imaging, is not recommended. Fibromyalgia is common among patients with chronic NNBP, but it is rarely diagnosed due to poor awareness among doctors about its manifestations and diagnostic criteria. In NNBP, it is recommended to inform the patient about the favourable prognosis of the disease and risk factors, the need to avoid excessive static and physical exertion, incorrect positions and postures, and the advisability of maintaining physical, social and professional activity. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and muscle relaxants are most commonly used to relieve NNBP. Extensive clinical experience has been accumulated regarding the efficacy and safety of aceclofenac (Airtal) as an NSAID and tolperisone (Mydocalm) as a muscle relaxant in the treatment of NNBP. The combination of aceclofenac (Airtal) and tolperisone (Mydocalm) is more effective than monotherapy, as it reduces the duration of NSAID use and lowers the risk of complications from long-term use. For subacute and chronic NNBP, a multimodal approach is most effective, which should include physical exercise (therapeutic physical training – TPT), manual therapy, and, for some patients, psychological therapy methods as non-drug methods. In cases where chronic back pain is caused by fibromyalgia, antiepileptic drugs may be effective as part of complex therapy, among which gabapentin (Tebantin) has been shown to be effective and safe. To prevent NNBP, therapeutic exercise, an educational programme on avoiding excessive static and physical stress, and incorrect positions and postures are recommended.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Неспецифическая (скелетно-мышечная) боль в шее и спине (НБШС) представляет собой одну из наиболее частых причин обращения за медицинской консультацией. Диагноз НБШС основывается на клиническом обследовании, отсутствии признаков опасного заболевания («красные флажки»), радикулопатии и спинального стеноза. Если отсутствуют признаки опасного заболевания, не рекомендуется раннее (в первые 4 нед) инструментальное обследование, включая магнитно-резонансную томографию. Среди пациентов с хронической НБШС часто встречается фибромиалгия, которая редко диагностируется, что связано с плохой информированностью врачей о ее проявлениях и критериях диагностики. При НБШС рекомендуется информировать пациента о благоприятном прогнозе заболевания и факторах риска, необходимости избегать чрезмерных статических и физических нагрузок, неправильных положений и поз, целесообразности сохранения физической, социальной и профессиональной активности. Для облегчения НБШС наиболее часто используются нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты (НПВП) и миорелаксанты. Накоплен большой клинический опыт в отношении эффективности и безопасности применения при НБШС в качестве НПВП ацеклофенака (Аэртала) и в качестве миорелаксанта толперизона (Мидокалма). Комбинация ацеклофенака (Аэртала) и толперизона (Мидокалма) более эффективна, чем монотерапия, она позволяет уменьшить длительность приема НПВП и снизить риск осложнений от их длительного приема. При подострой и хронической НБШС наиболее эффективен мультимодальный подход, который в качестве нелекарственных методов должен включать физические упражнения (лечебная физкультура – ЛФК), мануальную терапию, а также у части пациентов психологические методы терапии. В тех случаях, когда хроническая боль в спине вызвана фибромиалгией, в составе комплексной терапии могут быть эффективны противоэпилептические средства, среди которых показана эффективность и безопасность габапентина (Тебантина). Для профилактики НБШС рекомендуются ЛФК, образовательная программа по избеганию чрезмерных статических и физических нагрузок, неправильных положений и поз.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неспецифическая боль в шее и спине</kwd><kwd>фибромиалгия</kwd><kwd>нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты</kwd><kwd>миорелаксанты</kwd><kwd>ацеклофенак</kwd><kwd>толперизон</kwd><kwd>кинезиотерапия</kwd><kwd>мануальная терапия</kwd><kwd>габапентин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Nonspecific neck and back pain</kwd><kwd>fibromyalgia</kwd><kwd>nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</kwd><kwd>muscle relaxants</kwd><kwd>aceclofenac</kwd><kwd>tolperisone</kwd><kwd>kinesiotherapy</kwd><kwd>manual therapy</kwd><kwd>gabapentin</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья спонсируется компанией «Гедеон Рихтер»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article is sponsored by Gedeon Richter</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted lifeyears (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. 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