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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2025-6-91-98</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-2743</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Diagnosis of the phenomenon of ‘covert cognition’ in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness: clinical cases</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Диагностика феномена «скрытого сознания» у пациентов с хроническими нарушениями сознания: клинические случаи</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-5833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черкасова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherkasova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Николаевна Черкасова - факультет психологии МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова.</p><p>125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80; 125009, Москва, ул. Моховая, 11, стр. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia Nikolaevna Cherkasova - Department of Psycology Lomonosov MSU.</p><p>80, Volokolamskoe Sh., 125367 Moscow; 11, Mokhovaya St., Build. 9, 125009 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cherka.sova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-4350</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яцко</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yatsko</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Факультет фундаментальной медицины МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова</p><p>125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80; 119991, Москва, Ломоносовский просп., 27, корп. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Fundamental Medicine Lomonosov MSU.</p><p>80, Volokolamskoe Sh., 125367 Moscow; 27, Lomonosovsky Prospekt, Build. 1, 119991 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1795-6645</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковязина</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovyazina</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Факультет психологии МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова.</p><p>125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80; 125009, Москва, ул. Моховая, 11, стр. 9; 125009, Москва, ул. Моховая, 9, стр. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Psycology Lomonosov MSU; 11, Mokhovaya St., Build. 9, 125009 Moscow; 9, Mokhovaya St., Build. 4, 125009, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8310-8169</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варако</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varako</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Факультет психологии МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова.</p><p>125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80; 125009, Москва, ул. Моховая, 11, стр. 9; 125009, Москва, ул. Моховая, 9, стр. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Psycology Lomonosov MSU; 11, Mokhovaya St., Build. 9, 125009 Moscow; 9, Mokhovaya St., Build. 4, 125009, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8576-9983</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябинкина</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabinkina</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80, Volokolamskoe Sh., 125367 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9396-6063</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крeмнeва</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kremneva</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80, Volokolamskoe Sh., 125367 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3820-4554</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кротeнкова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krotenkova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80, Volokolamskoe Sh., 125367 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-2925</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брутян</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brutyan</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80, Volokolamskoe Sh., 125367 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9907-9393</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федин</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedin</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80, Volokolamskoe Sh., 125367 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3956-6362</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Супонева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suponeva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80, Volokolamskoe Sh., 125367 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-0392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пирадов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Piradov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80, Volokolamskoe Sh., 125367 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Российский центр неврологии и нейронаук»; ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Center of Neurology and Neuroscience; Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Российский центр неврологии и нейронаук»; ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»; ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр психологических и междисциплинарных исследований»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Center of Neurology and Neuroscience; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Federal Scientific Center of Psychological and Multidisciplinary Research</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Российский центр неврологии и нейронаук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Center of Neurology and Neuroscience</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Cherkasova A.N., Yatsko K.A., Kovyazina M.S., Varako N.A., Ryabinkina Y.V., Kremneva E.I., Krotenkova M.V., Brutyan A.G., Fedin P.A., Suponeva N.A., Piradov M.A., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черкасова А.Н., Яцко К.А., Ковязина М.С., Варако Н.А., Рябинкина Ю.В., Крeмнeва Е.И., Кротeнкова М.В., Брутян А.Г., Федин П.А., Супонева Н.А., Пирадов М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Cherkasova A.N., Yatsko K.A., Kovyazina M.S., Varako N.A., Ryabinkina Y.V., Kremneva E.I., Krotenkova M.V., Brutyan A.G., Fedin P.A., Suponeva N.A., Piradov M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2743">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2743</self-uri><abstract><p>In recent decades, our understanding of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (PDOC) has expanded significantly thanks to the description of the phenomenon of ‘covert cognition.’ An individual approach is important in its diagnosis, involving the comparison of behavioural and instrumental data for each patient. In our country, research into this phenomenon is only just beginning to develop, which makes it important to accumulate cases of successful detection of various ‘covert’ signs of consciousness. This article presents clinical observations of two patients with PDOC. According to clinical assessment using specialised scales, the first patient was in a vegetative state/had unresponsive wakefulness syndrome. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a specially designed set of paradigms, the phenomenon of ‘covert cognition’ was detected in her (cerebral activation, partially correlated with the norm, in response to passive somatosensory, auditory non-verbal and verbal stimuli). The second patient, according to the clinical assessment, corresponded to a minimally conscious state ‘minus’. As a result of fMRI examination, instrumental confirmation of the preservation of certain aspects of consciousness (cerebral activation in response to auditory non-verbal and auditory verbal paradigms) was obtained. The use of a comprehensive multimodal personalised approach to the diagnosis of the phenomenon of ‘covert cognition’ and the possibilities of neurorehabilitation of patients based on the data obtained with its help are discussed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В последние десятилетия представления о пациентах с хроническими нарушениями сознания (ХНС) существенно расширились за счет описания феномена «скрытого сознания». В рамках его диагностики важен индивидуальный подход, предполагающий сопоставление поведенческих и инструментальных данных у каждого пациента. В нашей стране исследования по выявлению этого феномена только начинают развиваться, что делает актуальным накопление случаев успешной фиксации тех или иных «скрытых» признаков сознания. В статье представлены клинические наблюдения двух пациентов с ХНС. Первая пациентка, по данным клинической оценки с применением специализированных шкал, находилась в вегетативном состоянии / имела синдром ареактивного бодрствования. С помощью функциональной магнитно-резонансной томографии (фМРТ) со специально разработанным комплексом парадигм у нее был выявлен феномен «скрытого сознания» (церебральная активация, частично соотносимая с нормативной, в ответ на пассивные соматосенсорные, слуховые неречевые и речевые стимулы). Второй пациент, согласно указанной клинической оценке, соответствовал состоянию минимального сознания «минус». В результате фМРТ-исследования у него было получено инструментальное подтверждение сохранности отдельных аспектов сознания (церебральная активация в ответ на слуховые неречевые и слуховые речевые парадигмы). Обсуждается применение комплексного мультимодального персонализированного подхода к диагностике феномена «скрытого сознания» и возможности нейрореабилитации пациентов с опорой на получаемые с его помощью данные.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>prolonged disorders of consciousness</kwd><kwd>vegetative state / unresponsive wakefulness syndrome</kwd><kwd>minimally conscious state ‘minus’</kwd><kwd>‘covert cognition’</kwd><kwd>paradigms</kwd><kwd>fMRI</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки. Авторы выражают благодарность сотрудникам отделения анестезиологии и реанимации с палатами реанимации и интенсивной терапии, отделения лучевой диагностики и лаборатории клинической нейрофизиологии ФГБНУ «Российский центр неврологии и нейронаук»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The investigation has not been sponsored</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kondziella D, Friberg CK, Frokjaer VG, et al. Preserved consciousness in vegetative and minimal conscious states: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2016;87(5):485-92. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-310958</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kondziella D, Friberg CK, Frokjaer VG, et al. Preserved consciousness in vegetative and minimal conscious states: systematic review and meta-analysis. 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