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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2025-6-75-83</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-2741</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Combined management of spasticity and sialorrhea in children with cerebral palsy: a Russian multicenter retrospective study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Одновременное лечение спастичности и сиалореи при детском церебральном параличе: российское многоцентровое ретроспективное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-9100</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куренков</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurenkov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Львович Куренков</p><p>119991, Москва, Ломоносовский просп., 2, стр. 1; 117420, Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, 57</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey Lvovich Kurenkov</p><p>2, Lomonosovsky Prosp., Build. 1, Moscow 119991; 57, Profsoyusnaya St., Moscow 117420</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alkurenkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-7029</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красавина</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasavina</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра хирургических болезней детского возраста им. Г.А. Баирова.</p><p>194100, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Pediatric Surgery.</p><p>2, Litovskaya St., St.Petersburg 194100</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2875-8086</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морошек</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moroshek</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Отделение реабилитации расстройств движения.</p><p>620028, Екатеринбург, ул. Родонитовая, 34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Movement Disorders Rehabilitation.</p><p>34, Rodonitovaya St., Yekaterinburg 620028</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7429-7992</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белогорова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belogorova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>664003, Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16, Timiryazeva St., Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8750-9285</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черников</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernikov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, Ломоносовский просп., 2, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Lomonosovsky Prosp., Build. 1, Moscow 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6219-3384</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артеменко</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemenko</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра нервных болезней Института профессионального образования Сеченовский Университет.</p><p>117420, Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, 57; 119048, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Nervous Diseases of the Institute of Professional Education Sechenov University.</p><p>57, Profsoyusnaya St., Moscow 117420; 8, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2, Moscow 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9008-4612</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Князев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyazev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123112, Москва, Пресненская набережная, 10, блок С «Башня на набережной»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10, Presnenskaya Naberezhnaya, Block С, Moscow 123112</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0064-4767</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гераськина</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Geraskina</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>249031, Обнинск, просп. Ленина, 85</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>85, Lenina Prosp., Obninsk 24903</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8506-2064</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурсагова</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bursagova</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, Ломоносовский просп., 2, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Lomonosovsky Prosp., Build. 1, Moscow 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9562-3774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузенкова</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzenkova</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, Ломоносовский просп., 2, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Lomonosovsky Prosp., Build. 1, Moscow 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1769-7284</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра хирургических болезней детского возраста им. Г.А. Баирова.</p><p>194100, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Pediatric Surgery.</p><p>2, Litovskaya St., St.Petersburg 194100</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7164-0003</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бальберт</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balbert</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Отделение реабилитации расстройств движения.</p><p>620028, Екатеринбург, ул. Родонитовая, 34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Movement Disorders Rehabilitation.</p><p>34, Rodonitovaya St., Yekaterinburg 620028</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4994-8508</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михнович</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhnovich</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>664003, Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16, Timiryazeva St., Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России; ООО «Центр междисциплинарной стоматологии и неврологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children's Health, Ministry of Health of Russia; Center for Interdisciplinary Dentistry and Neurology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Клиника доктора Бальберта»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Doctor Balbert’s Clinic</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children's Health, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Центр междисциплинарной стоматологии и неврологии»; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Interdisciplinary Dentistry and Neurology;  I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Мерц Фарма»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Merz Pharma</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУЗ «Клиническая больница №8 ФМБА России»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical Hospital No. 8 of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kurenkov A.L., Krasavina D.A., Moroshek E.A., Belogorova T.A., Chernikov V.V., Artemenko A.R., Knyazev A.V., Geraskina M.M., Bursagova B.I., Kuzenkova L.M., Vinogradova E.V., Balbert A.A., Mikhnovich V.I., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куренков А.Л., Красавина Д.А., Морошек Е.А., Белогорова Т.А., Черников В.В., Артеменко А.Р., Князев А.В., Гераськина М.М., Бурсагова Б.И., Кузенкова Л.М., Виноградова Е.В., Бальберт А.А., Михнович В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kurenkov A.L., Krasavina D.A., Moroshek E.A., Belogorova T.A., Chernikov V.V., Artemenko A.R., Knyazev A.V., Geraskina M.M., Bursagova B.I., Kuzenkova L.M., Vinogradova E.V., Balbert A.A., Mikhnovich V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2741">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2741</self-uri><abstract><p>The use of botulinum toxin therapy to correct spasticity and sialorrhea in a single injection session is an adequate treatment strategy for children with cerebral palsy (CP), as these two conditions are often observed simultaneously in patients and negatively affect the course of the disease and quality of life.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of simultaneous correction of spasticity and sialorrhea with incobotulinumtoxin A in patients with CP.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted of the medical records of pediatric patients with spastic forms of CP with varying levels of motor ability (from level I to level V according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System, GMFCS) who had spasticity and sialorrhea of varying severity. The analysis included only those patients who underwent simultaneous correction of spasticity and sialorrhea with incobotulinumtoxin A during a single injection session. The total average dose for the correction of spasticity of the upper limbs (UL) and lower limbs (LL), the average dose for the correction of sialorrhea, the total average and maximum dose of the drug per injection session, the dynamics on the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) and the Drooling Impact Scale (DIS), as well as the overall improvement in sialorrhea on the Global Impression of Change Scale (GICS) during treatment were assessed. The severity of the therapeutic effect of the drug after repeated injections was studied, and an analysis of adverse events (AEs) was performed throughout all injection cycles.</p><p>The analysis included 162 patients with a mean age of 7.23±3.73 years. Spastic tetraparesis was present in 46.9% of patients, spastic diplegia in 46.3%, and hemiplegic form in 6.8%. 3.1% of patients had GMFCS I, 19.1% had GMFCS II, 18.5% had GMFCS III, 44.4% had GMFCS IV, and 14.8% had GMFCS V. Initially, the severity of spasticity in the upper limbs was 2.33±0.71 points on the MAS, and spasticity in the lower limbs was 2.67±0.74 points on the MAS. The severity of sialorrhea on the DIS scale was 72.96±13.21 points.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. All patients underwent one injection cycle (IC), of which 40.1% underwent two ICs, 19.1% underwent three ICs, and 12.3% underwent four ICs. The average dose for correction of spasticity of the upper limbs was 77.10±57.53 U, for NC – 157.10±68.59 U, for sialorrhea – 41.91±19.15 U, the average total dose of the drug per IC – 257.65±92.86 U (13.19±3.91 U/kg), maximum dose – 500 U. After the first IC, UL spasticity decreased by an average of 1.18 points on the MAS, and UL spasticity decreased by 1.23 points. The DIS sialorrhea score decreased by 27.3 points. Repeated ICs showed similar efficacy in correcting spasticity and sialorrhea. The overall improvement in sialorrhea on the GICS scale averaged 1.70±0.51 points after the first IC, and by the fourth IC it increased to 2.00±0.46 points, i.e., a tendency toward an increase in effect was noted. After the first IC, 8% of patients experienced AEs, most commonly pain at the injection site, less commonly dry mouth, increased saliva viscosity, and fever. The frequency of AEs did not increase with repeated ICs.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Simultaneous treatment of spasticity and sialorrhea is a highly effective and safe approach in patients with CP. Repeated injections of incobotulinumtoxin A maintain the high efficacy and safety of this comprehensive therapeutic approach.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Использование ботулинотерапии для коррекции спастичности и сиалореи за одну инъекционную сессию является адекватной лечебной стратегией при детском церебральном параличе (ДЦП), поскольку эти два состояния часто наблюдаются одномоментно у пациента и негативно влияют на течение болезни и качество жизни.</p><p>Цель исследования – оценка эффективности и безопасности одновременной коррекции спастичности и сиалореи препаратом инкоботулотоксин А у пациентов с ДЦП.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ историй болезни пациентов детского возраста со спастическими формами ДЦП с разными уровнями двигательных возможностей (от I до V уровня по Системе классификации больших моторных функций – Gross Motor Function Classification System, GMFCS), имевших спастичность и сиалорею различной степени выраженности. В анализ вошли только те пациенты, которым за одну инъекционную сессию проводилась одновременная коррекция спастичности и сиалореи препаратом инкоботулотоксин А. Оценивались общая средняя доза для коррекции спастичности верхних (ВК) и нижних конечностей (НК), средняя доза для коррекции сиалореи, суммарная средняя доза и максимальная доза препарата на одну инъекционную сессию, динамика по модифицированной шкале Эшворта (Modified Ashwort Scale, MAS) и по Шкале оценки влияния сиалореи (Drooling Impact Scale, DIS), а также общее улучшение сиалореи по Шкале общего впечатления об изменениях (Global Impression of Change Scale, GICS) на фоне проводимого лечения. Изучалась выраженность терапевтического эффекта препарата после повторных инъекций, также проведен анализ нежелательных явлений (НЯ) на протяжении всех инъекционных циклов (ИЦ).</p><p>В анализ включено 162 пациента, средний возраст составил 7,23±3,73 года. Со спастическим тетрапарезом было 46,9% пациентов, со спастической диплегией – 46,3%, с гемиплегической формой – 6,8%; 3,1% пациентов имели GMFCS I, 19,1% – GMFCS II, 18,5 – GMFCS III, 44,4% – GMFCS IV и 14,8% – GMFCS V. Исходно выраженность спастичности ВК составила 2,33±0,71 балла по MAS, спастичности НК – 2,67±0,74 балла по MAS. Выраженность сиалореи по DIS составляла 72,96±13,21 балла.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Все пациенты прошли как минимум один ИЦ, из них 40,1% пациентов – два ИЦ, 19,1% – три ИЦ и 12,3% – четыре ИЦ. Средняя доза для коррекции спастичности ВК составила 77,10±57,53 ЕД, НК – 157,10±68,59 ЕД, сиалореи – 41,91±19,15 ЕД, средняя суммарная доза препарата на один ИЦ – 257,65±92,86 ЕД (13,19±3,91 ЕД/кг), максимальная доза – 500 ЕД. После 1-го ИЦ спастичность ВК снизилась в среднем на 1,18 балла по MAS, спастичность НК – на 1,23 балла. Оценка сиалореи по DIS уменьшилась на 27,3 балла. При повторных ИЦ наблюдалась сходная эффективность в коррекции спастичности и сиалореи. Общее улучшение сиалореи по шкале GICS в среднем составило 1,70±0,51 балла после 1-го ИЦ, а к 4-му ИЦ увеличилось до 2,00±0,46 балла, т. е. была отмечена тенденция к увеличению эффекта. После 1-го ИЦ у 8% пациентов отмечались НЯ, чаще наблюдалась боль в месте инъекций, реже – сухость в полости рта, повышение вязкости слюны и повышение температуры. При повторных ИЦ частота НЯ не возрастала.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Одновременное лечение спастичности и сиалореи является высокоэффективным и безопасным подходом у пациентов с ДЦП. При повторных инъекциях препарата инкоботулотоксин А сохраняются высокая эффективность и безопасность такого комплексного терапевтического подхода.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ботулинический токсин типа А</kwd><kwd>инкоботулотоксин А</kwd><kwd>детский церебральный паралич</kwd><kwd>спастичность</kwd><kwd>сиалорея</kwd><kwd>одновременное лечение</kwd><kwd>суммарная доза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>botulinum toxin type A</kwd><kwd>incobotulinumtoxin A</kwd><kwd>cerebral palsy</kwd><kwd>spasticity</kwd><kwd>sialorrhea</kwd><kwd>concomitant treatment</kwd><kwd>total dose</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья спонсируется компанией «Мерц»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article is sponsored by Merz</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Novak I, Jackman M, Finch-Edmondson M, Fahey M. 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