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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2013-2459</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-273</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Dementia: epidemiology, clinical picture, diagnosis, approaches to therapy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Деменция – эпидемиология, клиническая картина, диагностика, подходы к терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Preobrazhenskaya</surname><given-names>Irina Sergeyevna</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Preobrazhenskaya</surname><given-names>Irina Sergeyevna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">IrinaSP2@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра нервных болезней лечебного факультета ГБОУ «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Nervous System Diseases, Faculty of Therapeutics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>NO4 (2013)</issue-title><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>77</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Preobrazhenskaya I.S., 2013</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Preobrazhenskaya I.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Preobrazhenskaya I.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/273">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/273</self-uri><abstract><p>The review of literature discusses in detail the clinical signs of non-dementia cognitive impairments (CIs) and differences between subclinical, mild, and moderate CIs. It considers in detail the manifestations of dementia, the typical clinical picture of the most common forms of dementia, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Lewy body dementia, and vascular dementia. The paper outlines basic approaches to the pathogenetic therapy for dementia and the efficiency and safety of using NMDA receptor antagonists in patients with this pathology.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В обзоре литературы подробно обсуждаются клинические признаки недементных когнитивных нарушений (КН) и различия между субклиническими, легкими и умеренными КН. Детально рассмотрены проявления деменции, типичная клиническая картина наиболее часто встречающихся форм деменции – болезни Альцгеймера, деменции с тельцами Леви, сосудистой деменции. Освещены основные подходы к патогенетической терапии деменции, а также вопросы эффективности и безопасности применения антагонистов NMDA-рецепторов у пациентов с этой патологией.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>деменция</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>деменция с тельцами Леви</kwd><kwd>сосудистая деменция</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cognitive impairments</kwd><kwd>dementia</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer’s disease</kwd><kwd>Lewy body dementia</kwd><kwd>vascular dementia</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Захаров ВВ, Яхно НН. Синдром умеренных КН в пожилом возрасте – диагностика и лечение. Русский медицинский журнал. 2004;(10):573–6. [Zakharov VV, Yakhno NN. Sindrom umerennykh KN v pozhilom vozraste – diagnostika i lechenie. Russkiy meditsinskiy zhurnal. 2004;(10):573–6.]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Гаврилова СИ. Мягкое когнитивное снижение - доклиническая стадия болезни Альцгеймера? Consilium Medicum. 2004;(2):153–6. [Gavrilova SI. Myagkoe kognitivnoe snizhenie - doklinicheskaya stadiya bolezni Al'tsgeymera? Consilium Medicum. 2004;(2):153–6.]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Galasko D. New approaches to diagnose and treat Alzheimer's disease: a glimpse of the future. Clin Geriatr Med. 2001;17(2):393–410.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Petersen RC. Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. J Int Med. 2004;256(3):183–94. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2796.2004.01388.x.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Waldemar G, Phung KT, Burns A et al. Access to diagnostic evaluation and treatment for dementia in Europe. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2007;22(1):47–54. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fgps.1652.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Small BJ, Fratiglioni L, Vitanen M et al. Time course of preclinical coginitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease. In: Research and practice in Alzheimer's disease. Paris: Serdi Publisher; 2001;5:29–34.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brookmeyer R, Johnson E, Ziegler-Graham K et al. Forecasting the global burden of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2007;3(3):168–9. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jalz.2007.04.381.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Braak H, Braak E. Argyrophilic grains: characteristic pathology of cerebral cortex in cases of adult onset dementia without Alzheimer changes. Neurosci Lett. 1987;76(1):124–7. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0304-3940%2887%2990204-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Davies P, Maloney AJ. Selective loss of central cholinergic neurons in Alzheimers disease. Lancet. 1976;2(8000):1403. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2876%2991936-X.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dubois B, Albert ML. Amnestic MCI or prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurol. 2004;3(4):246–8. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2804%2900710-0.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Преображенская ИС. Деменция с тельцами Леви. Дис. … докт. мед. наук. Москва; 2005. 367 с. [Preobrazhenskaya IS. Dementsiya s tel'tsami Levi. Dis. … dokt. med. nauk. Moskva; 2005. 367 p.]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Яхно НН, Преображенская ИС. Деменция с тельцами Леви. Неврологический журнал. 2003;8(6):4–12. [Yakhno NN, Preobrazhenskaya IS. Dementia with Lewy bodies. Nevrologicheskiy zhurnal. 2003;8(6):4–12.]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gnanalingham КК, Byrne EJ, Thornton A et al. Motor and cognitive function in Lewy body dementia: comparison with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1997;62(3):243–52. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136%2Fjnnp.62.3.243.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;McKeith IG, Ballard CG, Perry RH et al. Prospective validation of Consensus criteria for the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurology. 2001;54(5):1050–8. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212%2FWNL.54.5.1050.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Парфенов ВА. Артериальная гипертония и инсульт. Неврологический журнал. 2001;(6):4–7. [Parfenov VA. Arterial'naya gipertoniya i insul't. Nevrologicheskiy zhurnal. 2001;(6):4–7.]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Парфенов ВА, Вахнина НВ. Артериальная гипертония и гипотензивная терапия при ишемическом инсульте. Неврологический журнал. 2001;(4):19–22. [Parfenov VA, Vakhnina NV. Arterial'naya gipertoniya i gipotenzivnaya terapiya pri ishemicheskom insul'te. Nevrologicheskiy zhurnal. 2001;(4):19–22.]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Danysz W, Parsons CG, Mobius HJ et al. Neuroprotective and synptomatological action of memantine relevant for Alzheimer’s disease – A unified glutamatergic hypothesis on the mechanism of action. Neurotox Res. 2000;2(2–3):85–97. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF03033787.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Knopman DS. Current treatement of mild cognitive impairement an Alzheimer’s disesase. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2006:6(5):365–71. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11910-996-0016-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Захаров ВВ, Яхно НН. Синдром умеренных КН в пожилом возрасте – диагностика и лечение. Русский медицинский журнал. 2004;(10):573–6. [Zakharov VV, Yakhno NN. Sindrom umerennykh KN v pozhilom vozraste – diagnostika i lechenie. Russkiy meditsinskiy zhurnal. 2004;(10):573–6.]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Гаврилова СИ. Мягкое когнитивное снижение - доклиническая стадия болезни Альцгеймера? Consilium Medicum. 2004;(2):153–6. [Gavrilova SI. Myagkoe kognitivnoe snizhenie - doklinicheskaya stadiya bolezni Al'tsgeymera? Consilium Medicum. 2004;(2):153–6.]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Galasko D. New approaches to diagnose and treat Alzheimer's disease: a glimpse of the future. Clin Geriatr Med. 2001;17(2):393–410.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Petersen RC. Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. J Int Med. 2004;256(3):183–94. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2796.2004.01388.x.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Waldemar G, Phung KT, Burns A et al. Access to diagnostic evaluation and treatment for dementia in Europe. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2007;22(1):47–54. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fgps.1652.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Small BJ, Fratiglioni L, Vitanen M et al. Time course of preclinical coginitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease. In: Research and practice in Alzheimer's disease. Paris: Serdi Publisher; 2001;5:29–34.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brookmeyer R, Johnson E, Ziegler-Graham K et al. Forecasting the global burden of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2007;3(3):168–9. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jalz.2007.04.381.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Braak H, Braak E. Argyrophilic grains: characteristic pathology of cerebral cortex in cases of adult onset dementia without Alzheimer changes. Neurosci Lett. 1987;76(1):124–7. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0304-3940%2887%2990204-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Davies P, Maloney AJ. Selective loss of central cholinergic neurons in Alzheimers disease. Lancet. 1976;2(8000):1403. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2876%2991936-X.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dubois B, Albert ML. Amnestic MCI or prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurol. 2004;3(4):246–8. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2804%2900710-0.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Преображенская ИС. Деменция с тельцами Леви. Дис. … докт. мед. наук. Москва; 2005. 367 с. [Preobrazhenskaya IS. Dementsiya s tel'tsami Levi. Dis. … dokt. med. nauk. Moskva; 2005. 367 p.]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Яхно НН, Преображенская ИС. Деменция с тельцами Леви. Неврологический журнал. 2003;8(6):4–12. [Yakhno NN, Preobrazhenskaya IS. Dementia with Lewy bodies. Nevrologicheskiy zhurnal. 2003;8(6):4–12.]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gnanalingham КК, Byrne EJ, Thornton A et al. Motor and cognitive function in Lewy body dementia: comparison with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1997;62(3):243–52. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136%2Fjnnp.62.3.243.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;McKeith IG, Ballard CG, Perry RH et al. Prospective validation of Consensus criteria for the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurology. 2001;54(5):1050–8. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212%2FWNL.54.5.1050.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Парфенов ВА. Артериальная гипертония и инсульт. Неврологический журнал. 2001;(6):4–7. [Parfenov VA. Arterial'naya gipertoniya i insul't. Nevrologicheskiy zhurnal. 2001;(6):4–7.]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Парфенов ВА, Вахнина НВ. Артериальная гипертония и гипотензивная терапия при ишемическом инсульте. Неврологический журнал. 2001;(4):19–22. [Parfenov VA, Vakhnina NV. Arterial'naya gipertoniya i gipotenzivnaya terapiya pri ishemicheskom insul'te. Nevrologicheskiy zhurnal. 2001;(4):19–22.]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Danysz W, Parsons CG, Mobius HJ et al. Neuroprotective and synptomatological action of memantine relevant for Alzheimer’s disease – A unified glutamatergic hypothesis on the mechanism of action. Neurotox Res. 2000;2(2–3):85–97. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF03033787.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Knopman DS. Current treatement of mild cognitive impairement an Alzheimer’s disesase. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2006:6(5):365–71. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11910-996-0016-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
