Diagnostic errors in examinination of patients with complaints of dizziness lead to ineffective treatment, chronicity of the process and a decrease in the quality of life of patients. A description of a patient with vestibular neuronitis which presents with typical symptoms such as acute systemic dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and imbalance with with preserved hearing is presented. The patient was misdiagnosed with chronic cerebrovascular disease and vestibuloatactic syndrome, without any otoneurological testing being performed. The importance of conducting an otoneurological examination in all patients with complaints of systemic dizziness is highlighted. The efficacy of complex treatment, including vestibular gymnastics with the use of an Arlewert, is demonstrated. The pathogenesis, manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of vestibular neuronitis are discussed, as well as issues of optimizing care for patients with vestibular vertigo. The need to follow international clinical guidelines for examining patients with vertigo is emphasized to avoid inappropriate treatment decisions and improve long-term treatment outcomes.