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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2025-5-62-74</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-2701</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Sleep disorders in older adults: a population-based study of clinical and social factors and characteristics of comorbidity with internal organ diseases</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нарушения сна в пожилом возрасте: популяционное исследование клинико-социальных факторов и особенностей коморбидности с заболеваниями внутренних органов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0714-9476</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спектор</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Spektor</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Дмитриевна Спектор</p><p>119121, Москва, ул. Погодинская, 10, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Dmitrievna Spektor</p><p>10/1 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow 119121</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">espektor@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6025-7663</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамчур</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamchur</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119121, Москва, ул. Погодинская, 10, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10/1 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow 119121</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0547-3280</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Даниэль</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Daniel</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119121, Москва, ул. Погодинская, 10, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10/1 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow 119121</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4830-8057</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцева</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantzeva</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119121, Москва, ул. Погодинская, 10, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10/1 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow 119121</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3657-0676</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стражеско</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Strazhesko</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129226, Москва, ул. 1-я Леонова, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16, 1st Leonova St., Moscow 129226</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9199-6258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдин</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudin</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119121, Москва, ул. Погодинская, 10, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10/1 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow 119121</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9495-0266</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119121, Москва, ул. Погодинская, 10, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10/1 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow 119121</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7378-983X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кескинов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Keskinov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119121, Москва, ул. Погодинская, 10, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10/1 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow 119121</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-688X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткачева</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkacheva</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129226, Москва, ул. 1-я Леонова, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16, 1st Leonova St., Moscow 129226</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7942-8004</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдин</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudin</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119121, Москва, ул. Погодинская, 10, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10/1 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow 119121</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8977-4384</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каштанова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashtanova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119121, Москва, ул. Погодинская, 10, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10/1 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow 119121</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Medical and Biological Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Обособленное структурное подразделение «Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр» ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Clinical and Research Centre of Gerontology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Spektor E.D., Mamchur A.A., Daniel V.V., Rumyantzeva A.M., Strazhesko I.D., Yudin V.S., Makarov V.V., Keskinov A.A., Tkacheva O.N., Yudin S.M., Kashtanova D.A., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Спектор Е.Д., Мамчур А.А., Даниэль В.В., Румянцева А.М., Стражеско И.Д., Юдин В.С., Макаров В.В., Кескинов А.А., Ткачева О.Н., Юдин С.М., Каштанова Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Spektor E.D., Mamchur A.A., Daniel V.V., Rumyantzeva A.M., Strazhesko I.D., Yudin V.S., Makarov V.V., Keskinov A.A., Tkacheva O.N., Yudin S.M., Kashtanova D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2701">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2701</self-uri><abstract><p>In older and senile age, the prevalence of night-time sleep disturbances increases significantly (up to 30–48%), which is associated with both physiological changes in sleep and medical and behavioural factors.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to identify clinical and social factors contributing to sleep disorders in older people and establish their relationship with internal organ diseases</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included 1,002 patients aged 60–90 who underwent a comprehensive geriatric examination, screening for sleep disorders (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and depression (Geriatric Depression Scale), as well as a neuropsychological examination. An analysis of clinical and social factors and an analysis of associations with somatic diseases were performed, and sleep disorder phenotypes were identified by data clustering (UMAP + K-means).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A decrease in sleep efficiency with age (p&lt;0.001) was identified, while sleep duration remained unchanged within the age range studied. Presomnic disturbances (prevalence – 9.6%) were associated with female gender, lower income, education and physical activity level, intrasomnic disturbances (prevalence – 12.3%) were associated with cardiovascular diseases, body mass index, having a partner, introversion, and taking walks. Common predictors for both falling asleep and staying asleep were pain syndrome, depression, and geriatric syndromes of asthenia and sarcopenia. Cluster analysis identified five phenotypes that differed not only in their sleep disturbance patterns but also in their clinical and social characteristics, subjective attitudes toward sleep, and ageing profiles with varying risks of developing geriatric syndromes.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Clear clinical and social correlates have been identified in elderly patients: presomnic disturbances are associated with female gender and socio-economic factors, while intrasomnic disturbances are predominantly associated with somatic pathology. Of particular importance is the identification of five discrete phenotypes of sleep disorders, each characterised by a unique combination of clinical parameters, ageing pro- file, and risk of geriatric syndromes.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В пожилом и старческом возрасте распространенность нарушений ночного сна значительно увеличивается (до 30–48%), что связано как с физиологическими изменениями сна, так и с медицинскими и поведенческими факторами.</p><p>Цель исследования – определение клинических и социальных факторов нарушений сна у пожилых людей и установление их взаимосвязи с заболеваниями внутренних органов.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование включено 1002 пациента в возрасте 60–90 лет, прошедших комплексное гериатрическое обследование, скрининг нарушений сна (Питтсбургкий индекс качества сна) и депрессии (Гериатрическая шкала депрессии), а также нейропсихологическое обследование. Проведены анализ клинико-социальных факторов и анализ ассоциаций с соматическими заболеваниями, выделение фенотипов нарушений сна путем кластеризации данных (UMAP + K-means).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлено снижение эффективности сна с возрастом (p&lt;0,001) при сохранной его продолжительности в рамках изучаемого возрастного диапазона. Пресомнические нарушения (распространенность – 9,6%) ассоциировались с женским полом, более низким доходом, образованием и уровнем физической активности, интрасомнические (распространенность – 12,3%) – с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями, индексом массы тела, наличием партнера, интроверсией, наличием прогулок. Общими предикторами для нарушений как засыпания, так и поддержания сна были болевой синдром, депрессия и гериатрические синдромы астении и саркопении. Кластерный анализ позволил выделить пять фенотипов, которые различались не только паттерном нарушений сна, но и клинико-социальными характеристиками, субъективным отношением ко сну и профилем старения с разным риском развития гериатрических синдромов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У пожилых пациентов выявлены четкие клинико-социальные корреляты: пресомнические расстройства ассоциированы с женским полом и социально-экономическими факторами, интрасомнические – преимущественно с соматической патологией. Особое значение имеет выявление пяти дискретных фенотипов нарушений сна, каждый из которых характеризуется уникальным сочетанием клинических параметров, профиля старения и риска развития гериатрических синдромов.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>старение</kwd><kwd>пожилые</kwd><kwd>сон</kwd><kwd>Питтсбургский индекс качества сна</kwd><kwd>нарушения засыпания</kwd><kwd>нарушения поддержания сна</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ageing</kwd><kwd>elderly</kwd><kwd>sleep</kwd><kwd>Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index</kwd><kwd>sleep onset disorders</kwd><kwd>sleep maintenance disorders</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crowley K. Sleep and sleep disorders in older adults. Neuropsychol Rev. 2011 Mar;21(1):41-53. doi: 10.1007/s11065-010-9154-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crowley K. 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