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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2025-5-39-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-2698</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Cerebrovascular diseases in the context of type 2 diabetes mellitus: cognitive impairment and associated brain status and metabolic characteristics</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цереброваскулярные заболевания на фоне сахарного диабета 2-го типа: когнитивные нарушения и ассоциированный статус мозга и метаболических характеристик</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5883-8119</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Танашян</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tanashyan</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80, Volokolamskoye Sh., 125367, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2373-2231</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80, Volokolamskoye Sh., 125367, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8652-2947</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Андреевна Панина</p><p>125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia Andreevna Panina</p><p>80, Volokolamskoye Sh., 125367, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">panina.a.a@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7562-4991</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лагода</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lagoda</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80, Volokolamskoye Sh., 125367, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2934-5462</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спрышков</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Spryshkov</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80, Volokolamskoye Sh., 125367, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2481-4565</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеева</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeeva</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80, Volokolamskoye Sh., 125367, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4628-3069</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хвасточенко</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khvastochenko</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80, Volokolamskoye Sh., 125367, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Российский центр неврологии и нейронаук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Center of Neurology and Neurosciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Tanashyan M.M., Antonova K.V., Panina A.A., Lagoda O.V., Spryshkov N.E., Sergeeva A.N., Khvastochenko G.I., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Танашян М.М., Антонова К.В., Панина А.А., Лагода О.В., Спрышков Н.Е., Сергеева А.Н., Хвасточенко Г.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tanashyan M.M., Antonova K.V., Panina A.A., Lagoda O.V., Spryshkov N.E., Sergeeva A.N., Khvastochenko G.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2698">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2698</self-uri><abstract><p>A significant trend in modern medicine is heterogeneous cognitive impairment (CI). The extremely pressing issue of cerebro-metabolic health and CI, especially against the backdrop of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), is currently the focus of neurology.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to evaluate CI, as well as the associated brain status and metabolic characteristics in patients with various manifestations of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) against the background of type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Patients with CVD (n=151) were divided into groups depending on the presence or absence of DM2. The first group (n=69; age – 63.0 [58.0; 69.0] years) consisted of patients with CVD combined with DM2. The second group consisted of 82 patients with isolated CVD (age – 62.5 [57.0; 68.0] years). Clinical and neurological examinations, neuropsychological testing, laboratory tests (including assessment of metabolic parameters and calculation of the triglyceride-glucose index – TyG index) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain were performed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The worst cognitive function (CF) assessment results were recorded in patients with CVS and DM2: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score – 25 [23; 26] points versus 27 [25; 28] points (p&lt;0.001), on the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Scale III (ACE-III)– 87 [80; 89] points versus 90 [84; 94] points (p=0.002). During MRI, more significant changes in the form of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) on the Fazekas scale and other neuroimaging patterns were also noted in patients with DM2: Fazekas III brain damage in 23.2% of patients, Fazekas II in 36.2%, Fazekas II–III – in 59.4% (in patients without DM2 – 7.3; 19.5; 26.8% of observations, respectively; p&lt;0,001). In patients with WMH, the presence of DM2 is associated with a decrease in CF: MoCA – 24 [22; 26] points versus 27 [25; 28] points (p=0.013); ACE-III – 87 [80; 89] points versus 92 [84; 95] points (p=0.012). The severity of CI is correlated with the level of TyG index. Combined cerebro-metabolic status (WMH and TyG index ≥4.825) in patients with CVD was accompanied by more severe CI, with 79.2% of individuals having MoCA &lt;26.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The combination of CVD and type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterised by an unfavourable cerebro-metabolic status in the form of significant damage to brain tissue and changes in carbohydrate/lipid metabolism parameters (glucose lipotoxicity) and is associated with more pronounced CI.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Значимый тренд современной медицины – гетерогенные когнитивные нарушения (КН). Чрезвычайно актуальная проблема цереброметаболического здоровья и КН, особенно на фоне сахарного диабета (СД) 2-го типа, находится в современном фокусе неврологии.</p><p>Цель исследования – оценить КН, а также ассоциированный статус мозга и метаболических характеристик у пациентов с различными проявлениями цереброваскулярных заболеваний (ЦВЗ) на фоне СД 2-го типа.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Пациенты с ЦВЗ (n=151) были разделены по группам в зависимости от наличия или отсутствия СД 2-го типа. 1-я группа (n=69; возраст – 63,0 [58,0; 69,0] года) представлена пациентами с ЦВЗ в сочетании с СД 2-го типа. 2-ю группу составили 82 пациента с изолированным ЦВЗ (возраст – 62,5 [57,0; 68,0] года). Проводились клинико-неврологический осмотр, нейропсихологическое тестирование, лабораторное исследование (в том числе с оценкой метаболических параметров и вычислением индекса триглицериды–глюкоза – ИТГ) и магнитно-резонансная томография (МРТ) головного мозга.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Худшие результаты оценки когнитивных функций (КФ) зафиксированы у пациентов с ЦВЗ и СД 2-го типа: оценка по Монреальской шкале оценки когнитивных функций (MoCA) – 25 [23; 26] баллов против 27 [25; 28] баллов (р&lt;0,001), по Адденбрукской шкале оценки когнитивных функций III (ACE-III) – 87 [80; 89] баллов против 90 [84; 94] баллов (р=0,002). При проведении МРТ более значимые изменения в виде гиперинтенсивности белого вещества (ГИБВ) по шкале Fazekas и других нейровизуализационных паттернов также были отмечены у пациентов с СД 2-го типа: степень поражения мозга Fazekas III – у 23,2% пациентов, Fazekas II – у 36,2%, Fazekas II–III – у 59,4% (у пациентов без СД 2-го типа – соответственно в 7,3; 19,5; 26,8% наблюдений; р&lt;0,001). У пациентов с ГИБВ наличие СД 2-го типа сопряжено со снижением КФ: MoCA – 24 [22; 26] баллов против 27 [25; 28] баллов (p=0,013); ACE-III – 87 [80; 89] баллов против 92 [84; 95] баллов (p=0,012). Выраженность КН взаимосвязана с уровнем ИТГ. Сочетанный цереброметаболический статус (ГИБВ и ИТГ ≥4,825) у пациентов с ЦВЗ сопровождался более выраженными КН, доля лиц с MoCA &lt;26 составила 79,2%.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Сочетание ЦВЗ и СД 2-го типа характеризуется неблагоприятным цереброметаболическим статусом в виде значимого поражения вещества головного мозга и изменений параметров углеводного/липидного обмена (глюкозолипотоксичностью) и ассоциировано с более выраженными КН.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цереброваскулярные заболевания</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>нарушение углеводного обмена</kwd><kwd>индекс триглицериды-глюкоза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cerebrovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>carbohydrate metabolism disorder</kwd><kwd>triglyceride-glucose index</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кадыков АС, Манвелов ЛС, Шахпаронова НВ. Хронические сосудистые заболевания головного мозга. Дисциркуляторная энцефалопатия. 4-е изд. 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