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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2025-4-62-68</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-2662</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The role of central vein sign in differential diagnostics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and multiple sclerosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль симптома центральной вены в дифференциальной диагностике заболеваний спектра оптиконевромиелита и рассеянного склероза</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8706-7317</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Викторович Котов</p><p>129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey Viktorovich Kotov</p><p>61/2, Shchepkina St., Moscow 129110</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kotovsv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6004-9111</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>61/2, Shchepkina St., Moscow 129110</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3973-5362</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тония</surname><given-names>Г. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tonya</surname><given-names>G. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>61/2, Shchepkina St., Moscow 129110</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2988-5706</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>61/2, Shchepkina St., Moscow 129110</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kotov S.V., Novikova E.S., Tonya G.T., Kotov A.S., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Котов С.В., Новикова Е.С., Тония Г.Т., Котов А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kotov S.V., Novikova E.S., Tonya G.T., Kotov A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2662">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2662</self-uri><abstract><p>Advanced neuroimaging methods can improve the differential diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). The presence of central vein sign (CVS) in areas of demyelination is a characteristic feature of MS and allows to distinguish this nosology from other diseases accompanied by changes in the white matter of the brain.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to evaluate the significance of detecting CVS on a 3.0 T MRI scanner during differential diagnosis between NMOSD and MS in real clinical practice.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The clinical picture and neuroimaging data (3.0 T MRI) of 19 patients aged 23 to 60 years (10 men and 9 women) were analysed. including nine patients with highly active MS (HAMS), four with NMOSD with antibodies to aquaporin-4 (AQP4), and six with demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (DD CNS), whose diagnosis required clarification. The average age of patients with MS was 30.6±4.9 years, with NMOSD – 52.3±5.1 years, and with DD CNS – 34.2±7.7 years. The average duration of the disease was 6.8±3.4 years for MS, 8.8±8.3 years for NMOSD, and 5.8±3.1 years for DD CNS. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was used to assess neurological status. In addition to the routine brain MRI protocol, 3D T2-FLAIR and 3D EPI SWI images were obtained. All images were taken before the contrast agent was administered. The data obtained were combined by superimposing T2-FLAIR images on SWI images in the MRViewer application of the Philips IntellispacePortal workstation with visual verification of the correctness of the alignment. Then, a qualitative analysis of the images was performed to identify foci along small venous vessels (CVS). CVS were assessed in lesions with a diameter of at least 3 mm located periventricularly or subcortically. Lesions in the artifact zone, infratentorial and juxtacortical were not evaluated. We used CVS as an auxiliary technique in the differential diagnosis of MS and NMOSD with the absence of AQP4 antibodies.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The highest number of lesions with CVS (15.6±7.5) was observed in patients with MS, while in patients with NMOSD the number of cerebral lesions was minimal, and only one patient had a single lesion with CVS. A significant (p&lt;0.05) difference was noted between the MS and NMOSD groups, as well as between the MS and DD CNS groups (6.5±5.3) in terms of the average number of lesions per patient and the median number of lesions per patient, as well as in terms of the average number of lesions with CVS between the MS and NMOSD groups, MS and DD CNS, NMOSD and DD CNS. As a result of the decision rule applied, the nosological diagnosis of MS or NMOSD was further refined, which made it possible to start pathogenetic therapy in the presented patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Within patients with NMOSD, the absence or small number of lesions with CVS may be an auxiliary differential diagnostic criterion with MS and DD CNS.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Усовершенствованные методы нейровизуализации могут улучшать дифференциальную диагностику заболеваний спектра оптиконевромиелита (ЗСОНМ) и рассеянного склероза (РС). Наличие симптома центральной вены (СЦВ) в очагах демиелинизации является характерным признаком РС и позволяет отличить данную нозологию от других заболеваний, сопровождающихся изменениями белого вещества головного мозга.</p><p>Целью нашего исследования была оценка значения выявления СЦВ на 3,0 T МР-томографе в ходе проведения дифференциальной диагностики между ЗСОНМ и РС в условиях реальной клинической практики.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проанализированы данные клинической картины и нейровизуализации (МРТ 3,0 Т) 19 пациентов в возрасте от 23 до 60 лет (10 мужчин и 9 женщин), из них девять пациентов с высокоактивным течением РС (ВАРС), четыре – с ЗСОНМ с наличием антител к аквапорину-4 (AQP4) и шесть – с демиелинизирующим заболеванием центральной нервной системы (ДЗ ЦНС), диагноз которых требовал уточнения. Средний возраст пациентов с РС составил 30,6±4,9 года, с ЗСОНМ – 52,3±5,1 года, с ДЗ ЦНС – 34,2±7,7 года. Средняя длительность заболевания составила 6,8±3,4 года для РС, 8,8±8,3 года для ЗСОНМ и 5,8±3,1 года для ДЗ ЦНС. Для оценки неврологического статуса использовался индекс Расширенной шкалы оценки степени инвалидизации (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS). В дополнение к рутинному протоколу МРТ головного мозга были получены 3D Т2-FLAIR, 3D EPI SWI-изображения. Все изображения сделаны до введения контрастного препарата. Полученные данные были совмещены посредством наложения изображений Т2-FLAIR на изображения SWI в приложении MRViewer рабочей станции Philips IntellispacePortal с визуальной проверкой корректности совмещения. Далее проводился качественный анализ изображений с определением визуализации очагов по ходу мелких венозных сосудов (СЦВ). СЦВ оценивали в очагах диаметром не менее 3 мм, расположенных перивентрикулярно или субкортикально. Очаги в зоне артефактов, инфратенториальные и юкстакортикальные очаги не оценивались. СЦВ был использован нами в качестве вспомогательного приема при проведении дифференциальной диагностики РС и ЗСОНМ с отсутствием антител к AQP4.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Наибольшее число очагов с СЦВ (15,6±7,5) было отмечено у пациентов с РС, в то время как у больных с ЗСОНМ число церебральных очагов было минимально и лишь у одного пациента был выявлен единичный очаг с СЦВ. Отмечено значимое (p&lt;0,05) различие между группами РС и ЗСОНМ, а также РС и ДЗ ЦНС (6,5±5,3) по показателям среднего числа очагов на одного пациента и медианы числа очагов на одного пациента, а также по показателям среднего числа очагов с СЦВ между группами РС и ЗСОНМ, РС и ДЗ ЦНС, ЗСОНМ и ДЗ ЦНС. В результате примененного решающего правила дополнительно был уточнен нозологический диагноз РС или ЗСОНМ, что позволило начать у представленных больных патогенетическую терапию.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У пациентов с ЗСОНМ отсутствие или малое количество очагов с СЦВ может быть вспомогательным дифференциально-диагностическим критерием с РС и ДЗ ЦНС.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>симптом центральной вены</kwd><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>заболевания спектра оптиконевромиелита</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>central vein sign</kwd><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The investigation has not been sponsored</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim HJ, Paul F, Lana-Peixoto MA, et al; Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation NMO International Clinical Consortium &amp; Biorepository. 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