<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2025-4-55-61</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-2661</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Cytokine profile of blood serum in patients with demyelinating diseases affecting the spinal cord and associated pain syndrome</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цитокиновый профиль сыворотки крови пациентов с демиелинизирующими заболеваниями с поражением спинного мозга и сопутствующим болевым синдромом</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5008-1265</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермилова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermilova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елизавета Викторовна Ермилова - Кафедра нервных болезней и нейрохирургии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского.</p><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta Viktorovna Ermilova - Department of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine.</p><p>Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow, 119021</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Dr.ermilovaneuro@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-633X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воскресенская</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voskresenskaya</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра нервных болезней и нейрохирургии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского.</p><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine.Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow, 119021</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3169-3747</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжикова</surname><given-names>С. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhikova</surname><given-names>S. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборатория цитокинов.</p><p>630559, Новосибирская обл., р. п. Кольцово, Научно-производственная зона, корп. 36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cytokine Laboratory.</p><p>36, Scientific and Industrial Zone, Novosibirsk Region, Koltsovo, 630559</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9279-8395</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дружинина</surname><given-names>Ю. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Druzhinina</surname><given-names>Yu. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборатория цитокинов.</p><p>630559, Новосибирская обл., р. п. Кольцово, Научно-производственная зона, корп. 36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cytokine Laboratory.</p><p>36, Scientific and Industrial Zone, Novosibirsk Region, Koltsovo, 630559</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8136-9240</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeeva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборатория цитокинов.</p><p>630559, Новосибирская обл., р. п. Кольцово, Научно-производственная зона, корп. 36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cytokine Laboratory.</p><p>36, Scientific and Industrial Zone, Novosibirsk Region, Koltsovo, 630559</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7802-5486</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлева</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovleva</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборатория цитокинов.</p><p>630559, Новосибирская обл., р. п. Кольцово, Научно-производственная зона, корп. 36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cytokine Laboratory.</p><p>36, Scientific and Industrial Zone, Novosibirsk Region, Koltsovo, 630559</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4716-9279</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колодяжная</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolodyazhnaya</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборатория интерферонов.</p><p>105064, Москва, Малый Казенный пер., 5а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Interferon Laboratory.</p><p>5a, Malyy Kazennyy Lane, Moscow, 105064</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1580-6096</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оспельникова</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ospelnikova</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборатория интерфероновНИИВС им. И.И. Мечникова; Лаборатория интерферонов лаборатория цитокинов НИЦЭМ им. Н.Ф. Гамалеи.</p><p>105064, Москва, Малый Казенный пер., 5а; 123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Interferon Laboratory I.I. Mechnikov VSRI, Ministry of Health of Russia; Cytokine Laboratory NRCEM named after the N.F. Gamaleya.</p><p>5a, Malyy Kazennyy Lane, Moscow, 105064; 18, Gamalei St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Вектор-Бест»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC “Vector-Best”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.I. Mechnikov Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова»; ФГБУ «НИЦЭМ им. Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.I. Mechnikov Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Ministry of Health of Russia; National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the N.F. Gamaleya, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ermilova E.V., Voskresenskaya O.N., Ryzhikova S.L., Druzhinina Y.G., Timofeeva N.V., Yakovleva K.I., Kolodyazhnaya A.A., Ospelnikova T.P., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ермилова Е.В., Воскресенская О.Н., Рыжикова С.Л., Дружинина Ю.Г., Тимофеева Н.В., Яковлева К.И., Колодяжная А.А., Оспельникова Т.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ermilova E.V., Voskresenskaya O.N., Ryzhikova S.L., Druzhinina Y.G., Timofeeva N.V., Yakovleva K.I., Kolodyazhnaya A.A., Ospelnikova T.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2661">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2661</self-uri><abstract><p>Demyelinating diseases (DD) are chronic autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) with a high level of disability. The prevalence of pain syndrome (PS) in DD is 66.5%. The most common type of PS is central neuropathic pain syndrome (CNPS), which is difficult to treat. The neurobiological mechanism underlying CNPS remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that neuroinflammation, mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, plays an important role in the onset and maintenance of neuropathic pain (NP). Determining the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines may be of prognostic value in patients with DD and CNPS for determining further management tactics.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to study the concentration of proand anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with DD and concomitant CNPS.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Based on the interferon laboratory of the I.I. Mechnikov Vaccine and Serum Research Institute and the cytokine laboratory of Vector-Best JSC, the cytokine profile was studied in 23 patients with DD (9 patients with MS with lesions of demyelination in the spinal cord and 14 patients with NMOSD). The main group consisted of 13 patients with concomitant pain syndrome, and the comparison group consisted of 10 patients who did not complain of pain. The control group consisted of 13 healthy volunteers. The concentration of cytokines was studied: interferon α (IFNα), IFNγ, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, IL-1β, IL-18, tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (S-TNF-R1), and vascular endothelial growth factor.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Patients in the main group with CNPS had higher concentrations of IL-8 (p3=0.016), IL-18 (p3=0.021) and S-TNF-R1 (p3=0.013) in their blood serum compared to patients in the control group. The concentrations of TNF-α (p1=0.006; p2=0.039) and S-TNF-R1 (p1=0.027) were significantly higher in the groups of patients with DD compared to healthy individuals. With mitogen-induced stimulation, patients in the main group showed increased IL-10 production compared to the control group (p1=0.002) and the comparison group (p3=0.003). The nature of IL-18 production (both during spontaneous synthesis and mitogen-induced stimulation) differed significantly in the group of patients with CNPS – both types of production of this cytokine were significantly higher than in other comparable groups (p1=0.004; p1=0.006; p3=0.002).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results of this study confirm the key role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenetic mechanisms of neuroinflammation, which requires further study in clinical practice to develop new effective therapeutic strategies.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Демиелинизирующие заболевания (ДЗ) – хроническая аутоиммунная патология центральной нервной системы (ЦНС) с высоким уровнем инвалидизации. Распространенность болевого синдрома (БС) при ДЗ составляет 66,5%. В структуре БС чаще всего встречается центральный невропатический болевой синдром (ЦНБС), трудно поддающийся лечению. Нейробиологический механизм возникновения ЦНБС остается до конца не ясным. Исследования последних лет показали, что нейровоспаление, реализуемое провоспалительными цитокинами и хемокинами, играет важную роль в возникновении и поддержании невропатической боли (НБ). Определение уровня провоспалительных цитокинов может иметь прогностическое значение у пациентов с ДЗ и ЦБНС для определения дальнейшей тактики ведения.</p><p>Цель исследования – изучить концентрацию прои противовоспалительных цитокинов у пациентов с ДЗ и сопутствующим ЦБНС.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. На базе лаборатории интерферонов ФГБНУ «НИИ вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова» и лаборатории цитокинов АО «Вектор-Бест» был исследован цитокиновый профиль у 23 пациентов с ДЗ (9 пациентов с РС с наличием очагов демиелинизации в спинном мозге и 14 пациентов с ЗСНОМ). Основную группу составили 13 пациентов с сопутствующим болевым синдромом, группу сравнения – 10 пациентов, не предъявляющих жалоб на боль. Контрольную группу составили 13 здоровых добровольцев. Была исследована концентрация цитокинов: интерферона α (ИФНα), ИФНγ, интерлейкина 6 (ИЛ6), ИЛ8, ИЛ10, гранулоцитарно-макрофагального колониестимулирующего фактора, моноцитарного хемоаттрактантного белка 1, ИЛ1β, ИЛ18, фактора некроза опухоли α(ФНОα), растворимого рецептора фактора некроза опухоли 1 (S-TNF-R1), фактора роста эндотелия сосудов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У пациентов основной группы с ЦНБС в сыворотке крови выявлено повышение концентрации ИЛ8 (p3=0,016), ИЛ18 (p3=0,021), S-TNF-R1 (p3=0,013) относительно пациентов группы сравнения. Концентрации ФНОα(р1=0,006; p2=0,039) и S-TNFR1 (р1=0,027) были значимо выше в группах пациентов с ДЗ по сравнению со здоровыми лицами. При митоген-индуцированной стимуляции у пациентов основной группы отмечалось повышение продукции ИЛ10 относительно контрольной группы (р1=0,002) и группы сравнения (р3=0,003). Характер продукции ИЛ18 (как при спонтанном синтезе, так и при митоген-индуцированной стимуляции) значимо различался в группе пациентов с ЦНБС – оба вида продукции данного цитокина были значимо выше, чем в других сравниваемых группах (р1=0,004; р1=0,006; р3=0,002).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты проведенного исследования подтверждают ключевую роль провоспалительных цитокинов в патогенетических механизмах нейровоспаления, что требует дальнейшего их изучения в клинической практике для создания новых эффективных терапевтических стратегий.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>демиелизирующие заболевания</kwd><kwd>центральный невропатический болевой синдром</kwd><kwd>прои противовоспалительные цитокины</kwd><kwd>интерфероны</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>demyelinating diseases</kwd><kwd>central neuropathic pain syndrome</kwd><kwd>proand anti-inflammatory cytokines</kwd><kwd>interferons</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The investigation has not been sponsored</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Симанив ТО, Бахтиярова КЗ, Белова АН и др. Заболевания спектра оптиконевромиелита (ЗСОНМ) – диагностические критерии и подходы к терапии. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2023;15(Прил. 1):71-5. doi: 10.14412/2074-2711-2023-1S-71-75</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simaniv TO, Bakhtiyarova KZ, Belova AN, et al. Diagnostic criteria and treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2023;15(S1):71-5. doi: 10.14412/2074-2711-2023-1S-71-75 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drulovic J, Basic-Kes V, Grgic S, et al. The Prevalence of Pain in Adults with Multiple Sclerosis: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Survey. Pain Med. 2015 Aug;16(8):1597-602. doi: 10.1111/pme.12731. Epub 2015 Jun 18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drulovic J, Basic-Kes V, Grgic S, et al. The Prevalence of Pain in Adults with Multiple Sclerosis: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Survey. Pain Med. 2015 Aug;16(8):1597-602. doi: 10.1111/pme.12731. Epub 2015 Jun 18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Truini A, Barbanti P, Pozzilli C, Cruccu G. A mechanism-based classification of pain in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2013 Feb;260(2):351-67. doi: 10.1007/s00415-0126579-2. Epub 2012 Jul 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Truini A, Barbanti P, Pozzilli C, Cruccu G. A mechanism-based classification of pain in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2013 Feb;260(2):351-67. doi: 10.1007/s00415-0126579-2. Epub 2012 Jul 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang ZJ, Jiang BC, Gao YJ. Chemokines in neuron-glial cell interaction and pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2017 Sep;74(18):3275-91. doi: 10.1007/s00018-0172513-1. Epub 2017 Apr 7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang ZJ, Jiang BC, Gao YJ. Chemokines in neuron-glial cell interaction and pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2017 Sep;74(18):3275-91. doi: 10.1007/s00018-0172513-1. Epub 2017 Apr 7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мельников МВ, Свиридова АА, Роговский ВС и др. Роль макрофагов в развитии нейровоспаления при рассеянном склерозе. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2022;122(5):51-6. doi: 10.17116/jnevro202212205151</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melnikov MV, Sviridova AA, Rogovskii VS, et al. The role of macrophages in the development of neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova = S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2022;122(5):51-6. doi: 10.17116/jnevro202212205151 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Оспельникова ТП, Шитова АД, Воскресенская ОН, Ермилова ЕВ. Нейровоспаление в патогенезе нейропатического болевого синдрома. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2022;122(6):7-13. doi: 10.17116/jnevro20221220617</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ospelnikova TP, Shitova AD, Voskresenskaya ON, Ermilova EV. Neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of central neuropathic pain. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova = S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2022;122(6):7 13. doi: 10.17116/jnevro20221220617 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jutzeler CR, Huber E, Callaghan MF, et al. Association of pain and CNS structural changes after spinal cord injury. Sci Rep. 2016 Jan 6;6:18534. doi: 10.1038/srep18534</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jutzeler CR, Huber E, Callaghan MF, et al. Association of pain and CNS structural changes after spinal cord injury. Sci Rep. 2016 Jan 6;6:18534. doi: 10.1038/srep18534</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duffy SS, Perera CJ, Makker PG, et al. Peripheral and Central Neuroinflammatory Changes and Pain Behaviors in an Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol. 2016 Sep 22;7:369. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00369</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duffy SS, Perera CJ, Makker PG, et al. Peripheral and Central Neuroinflammatory Changes and Pain Behaviors in an Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol. 2016 Sep 22;7:369. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00369</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schäfers M, Sorkin LS, Geis C, Shubayev VI. Spinal nerve ligation induces transient upregulation of tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 in injured and adjacent uninjured dorsal root ganglia in the rat. Neurosci Lett. 2003 Aug 28;347(3):179-82. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00695-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schäfers M, Sorkin LS, Geis C, Shubayev VI. Spinal nerve ligation induces transient upregulation of tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 in injured and adjacent uninjured dorsal root ganglia in the rat. Neurosci Lett. 2003 Aug 28;347(3):179-82. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00695-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eliav E, Benoliel R, Herzberg U, et al. The role of IL-6 and IL-1beta in painful perineural inflammatory neuritis. Brain Behav Immun. 2009 May;23(4):474-84. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.01.012. Epub 2009 Jan 29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eliav E, Benoliel R, Herzberg U, et al. The role of IL-6 and IL-1beta in painful perineural inflammatory neuritis. Brain Behav Immun. 2009 May;23(4):474-84. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.01.012. Epub 2009 Jan 29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cui GB, An JZ, Zhang N, et al. Elevated interleukin-8 enhances prefrontal synaptic transmission in mice with persistent inflammatory pain. Mol Pain. 2012 Feb 12;8:11. doi: 10.1186/1744-8069-8-11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cui GB, An JZ, Zhang N, et al. Elevated interleukin-8 enhances prefrontal synaptic transmission in mice with persistent inflammatory pain. Mol Pain. 2012 Feb 12;8:11. doi: 10.1186/1744-8069-8-11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li QY, Xu HY, Yang HJ. [Effect of proinflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1β, IL-6 on neuropathic pain]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2017 Oct;42(19):3709-12. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20170907.004 (In Chinese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li QY, Xu HY, Yang HJ. [Effect of proinflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1β, IL-6 on neuropathic pain]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2017 Oct;42(19):3709-12. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20170907.004 (In Chinese).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sachs D, Cunha FQ, Poole S, Ferreira SH. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta and interleukin-8 induce persistent mechanical nociceptor hypersensitivity. Pain. 2002 Mar;96(1-2):89-97. doi: 10.1016/s03043959(01)00433-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sachs D, Cunha FQ, Poole S, Ferreira SH. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta and interleukin-8 induce persistent mechanical nociceptor hypersensitivity. Pain. 2002 Mar;96(1-2):89-97. doi: 10.1016/s03043959(01)00433-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang L, Berta T, Xu ZZ, et al. TNF-α contributes to spinal cord synaptic plasticity and inflammatory pain: distinct role of TNF receptor subtypes 1 and 2. Pain. 2011 Feb;152(2):419-27. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.014. Epub 2010 Dec 14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang L, Berta T, Xu ZZ, et al. TNF-α contributes to spinal cord synaptic plasticity and inflammatory pain: distinct role of TNF receptor subtypes 1 and 2. Pain. 2011 Feb;152(2):419-27. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.014. Epub 2010 Dec 14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shao Q, Li Y, Wang Q, Zhao J. IL-10 and IL-1β mediate neuropathic-pain like behavior in the ventrolateral orbital cortex. Neurochem Res. 2015 Apr;40(4):733-9. doi: 10.1007/s11064-015-1521-5. Epub 2015 Jan 24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shao Q, Li Y, Wang Q, Zhao J. IL-10 and IL-1β mediate neuropathic-pain like behavior in the ventrolateral orbital cortex. Neurochem Res. 2015 Apr;40(4):733-9. doi: 10.1007/s11064-015-1521-5. Epub 2015 Jan 24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wagner R, Janjigian M, Myers RR. Anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 therapy in CCI neuropathy decreases thermal hyperalgesia, macrophage recruitment, and endoneurial TNF-alpha expression. Pain. 1998 Jan;74(1):35-42. doi: 10.1016/S03043959(97)00148-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wagner R, Janjigian M, Myers RR. Anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 therapy in CCI neuropathy decreases thermal hyperalgesia, macrophage recruitment, and endoneurial TNF-alpha expression. Pain. 1998 Jan;74(1):35-42. doi: 10.1016/S03043959(97)00148-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ju J, Li Z, Jia X, et al. Interleukin-18 in chronic pain: Focus on pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Res. 2024 Mar;201:107089. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107089. Epub 2024 Jan 29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ju J, Li Z, Jia X, et al. Interleukin-18 in chronic pain: Focus on pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Res. 2024 Mar;201:107089. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107089. Epub 2024 Jan 29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Felderhoff-Mueser U, Schmidt OI, Oberholzer A, et al. IL-18: a key player in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration? Trends Neurosci. 2005 Sep;28(9):487-93. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2005.06.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Felderhoff-Mueser U, Schmidt OI, Oberholzer A, et al. IL-18: a key player in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration? Trends Neurosci. 2005 Sep;28(9):487-93. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2005.06.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verri WA Jr, Cunha TM, Magro DA, et al. Role of IL-18 in overt pain-like behaviour in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Jul 7;588(2-3):207-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.04.010. Epub 2008 Apr 9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verri WA Jr, Cunha TM, Magro DA, et al. Role of IL-18 in overt pain-like behaviour in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Jul 7;588(2-3):207-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.04.010. Epub 2008 Apr 9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mirabelli E, Elkabes S. Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models: Focus on Mechanisms, Knowledge Gaps and Future Directions. Front Neurol. 2021 Dec 16;12:793745. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.793745</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mirabelli E, Elkabes S. Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models: Focus on Mechanisms, Knowledge Gaps and Future Directions. Front Neurol. 2021 Dec 16;12:793745. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.793745</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murakami T, Kanchiku T, Suzuki H, et al. Anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody reduces neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury in mice. Exp Ther Med. 2013 Nov;6(5):1194-8. doi: 10.3892/etm.2013.1296. Epub 2013 Sep 13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murakami T, Kanchiku T, Suzuki H, et al. Anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody reduces neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury in mice. Exp Ther Med. 2013 Nov;6(5):1194-8. doi: 10.3892/etm.2013.1296. Epub 2013 Sep 13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DeRijk RH, Eskandari F, Sternberg EM. Corticosteroid resistance in a subpopulation of multiple sclerosis patients as measured by ex vivo dexamethasone inhibition of LPS induced IL-6 production. J Neuroimmunol. 2004 Jun;151(1-2):180-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.02.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DeRijk RH, Eskandari F, Sternberg EM. Corticosteroid resistance in a subpopulation of multiple sclerosis patients as measured by ex vivo dexamethasone inhibition of LPS induced IL-6 production. J Neuroimmunol. 2004 Jun;151(1-2):180-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.02.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Q, Xia J, Lin M, et al. Serum interleukin-6 in patients with burning mouth syndrome and relationship with depression and perceived pain. Mediators Inflamm. 2007;2007:45327. doi: 10.1155/2007/45327</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Q, Xia J, Lin M, et al. Serum interleukin-6 in patients with burning mouth syndrome and relationship with depression and perceived pain. Mediators Inflamm. 2007;2007:45327. doi: 10.1155/2007/45327</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baris E, Topaloglu I, Akalin E, et al. Serum choline, leptin and interleukin-6 levels in fibromyalgia syndrome-induced pain: a case-control study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2025 Feb 1;26(1):97. doi: 10.1186/s12891-025-08337-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baris E, Topaloglu I, Akalin E, et al. Serum choline, leptin and interleukin-6 levels in fibromyalgia syndrome-induced pain: a case-control study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2025 Feb 1;26(1):97. doi: 10.1186/s12891-025-08337-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uceyler N, Rogausch JP, Toyka KV, Sommer C. Differential expression of cytokines in painful and painless neuropathies. Neurology. 2007 Jul 3;69(1):42-9. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000265062.92340.a5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uceyler N, Rogausch JP, Toyka KV, Sommer C. Differential expression of cytokines in painful and painless neuropathies. Neurology. 2007 Jul 3;69(1):42-9. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000265062.92340.a5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
