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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2025-3120-126</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-2639</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Cognitive impairment in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (discirculatory encephalopathy)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Когнитивные нарушения у пациентов с хронической ишемией головного мозга (дисциркуляторной энцефалопатией)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1992-7960</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парфенов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parfenov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Анатольевич Парфенов</p><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11, стр.1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir Anatolyevich Parfenov</p><p>11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimirparfenov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0246-5149</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Силина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Silina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11, стр.1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра нервных болезней и нейрохирургии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского, ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра патологической физиологии Института цифрового биодизайна и моделирования живых систем Научно-технологического парка биомедицины, ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Digital Biodesign and Living Systems Modeling, Biomedical Science and Technology Park, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><elocation-id>120–126</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Parfenov V.A., Silina E.V., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Парфенов В.А., Силина Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Parfenov V.A., Silina E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2639">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2639</self-uri><abstract><p>Chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI), also known as discirculatory encephalopathy (DE), is one of the most common diagnoses in Russian neurological practice. In patients diagnosed with CCI or DE, assessing cognitive function (CF) is essential for distinguishing between individuals with and without cognitive impairment (CI). If CI is present in a patient with CCI or DE, comorbid Alzheimer's disease (AD) or other neurodegenerative disorders affecting CF should be considered. Neuropsychological assessment (identifying amnestic syndrome) and MRI of the brain (evidence of hippocampal atrophy) can raise suspicion for AD, with definitive diagnosis relying on detection of biological markers of the disease. Unfortunately, many patients with AD are long misdiagnosed with CCI or DE and thus do not receive appropriate treatment. Patients with a diagnosis of CCI or DE and preserved CF often suffer from other neurological or psychiatric disorders, most frequently anxiety-depressive disorders, primary headaches (tension-type headache, migraine, medication-overuse headache), peripheral vestibulopathy, or persistent postural-perceptual dizziness. Managing patients with CI requires controlling vascular risk factors, preventing stroke, applying psychosocial interventions, and encouraging household, social, physical, and intellectual activity. In the dementia stage, cognitive function may be improved by central acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine) and the glutamate receptor antagonist memantine. The efficacy and safety of choline alfoscerate in patients with AD and cerebrovascular disease are also discussed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Хроническая ишемия головного мозга (ХИГМ) / дисциркуляторная энцефалопатия (ДЭП) – один из наиболее распространенных диагнозов в отечественной неврологической практике. У пациентов с диагнозом ХИГМ или ДЭП важно оценить когнитивные функции (КФ), что позволяет выделить пациентов с наличием когнитивных нарушений (КН) и без КН. При наличии КН у пациента с диагнозом ХИГМ или ДЭП следует учитывать возможность наличия сочетанной болезни Альцгеймера (БА) или других нейродегенеративных заболеваний, приводящих к нарушению КФ. Проведение нейропсихологического обследования (выявление амнестического синдрома), магнитно-резонансная томография головного мозга (признаки атрофии гиппокампа) позволяют предположить БА, точная диагностика которой возможна при выявлении биологических маркеров БА. К сожалению, многие пациенты с БА длительно наблюдаются с ошибочным диагнозом ХИГМ или ДЭП и не получают эффективного лечения. Пациенты, которые имеют диагноз ХИГМ или ДЭП и нормальные КФ, чаще всего страдают другими неврологическими и/или психическими заболеваниями, среди которых наиболее часто встречаются тревожно-депрессивные расстройства, первичная головная боль (головная боль напряжения, мигрень, лекарственно-индуцированная головная боль), периферическая вестибулопатия, персистирующее постурально-перцептивное головокружение. При ведении пациентов с КН большое значение имеют контроль сосудистых факторов риска, профилактика инсульта, социально-психологические методы, стимулирование пациентов к бытовой, социальной, физической и умственной активности. На стадии деменции для улучшения КФ эффективны ингибиторы центральной ацетилхолинэстеразы (донепезил, ривастигмин, галантамин) и блокатор глутаматных рецепторов мемантин. Обсуждаются эффективность и безопасность применения холина альфосцерата у пациентов с БА и с цереброваскулярным заболеванием.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая ишемия головного мозга</kwd><kwd>дисциркуляторная энцефалопатия</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>биологические маркеры болезни Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>холина альфосцерат</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic cerebral ischemia</kwd><kwd>discirculatory encephalopathy</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer's disease</kwd><kwd>biological markers of Alzheimer's disease</kwd><kwd>choline alfoscerate</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья спонсируется компанией «Италфармако».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article is sponsored by Italfarmaco.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GBD 2019 Dementia Forecasting Collaborators. 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