Multiple sclerosis (MS) and cerebral palsy (CP) are chronic disabling diseases caused by central nervous system affection. The diagnosis of a chronic illness in a child is a psychotraumatic event that disrupts the structure and functioning of the family system, the psychological well-being and the health of family members. In the process of adapting to the stress factor, both parent-child relationships and marital relationships are deformed. In most families raising disabled children, disharmonious parenting styles prevail. Parents report a decrease in quality of life, dissatisfaction with their role and family relationships, experience anxiety, depression, guilt and helplessness and try to compensate for the psychological distress by focusing on the child's problems, often sacrificing their private life and free time. In addition, parents of children with MS are burdened by a sense of insecurity related to the difficult-to-control and unpredictable course of the disease. The lack of a sufficient number of scientific studies on this topic does not allow us to draw clear conclusions about the influence of the type of child's disease progression (progressive, stationary) on the characteristics of the parent-child relationship. In addition, longitudinal studies are needed to assess the dynamics of parent-child relationships and the effectiveness of psychocorrective interventions in families with children with MS and CP. The review is based on a theoretical study of the issues of parent-child relationships in families raising children with CP and MS and the impact of chronic disabling illness on the family system, which was conducted based on a systematic literature search of PubMed, Google Scholar, eLibrary and DisserCat databases.