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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2024-2S-74-82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-2319</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>High-dose immunosuppressive therapy followed by haematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a method for the treatment of refractory forms of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in children</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Высокодозная иммуносупрессивная терапия с последующей трансплантацией гемопоэтических стволовых клеток как метод лечения рефрактерных форм заболевания спектра оптиконевромиелита у детей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2414-225X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бронина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bronina</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Витальевна Бронина</p><p>119049, Москва, 4-й Добрынинский переулок, 1/9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya Vitalievna Bronina</p><p>1/9, 4th Dobryninsky Allay, Moscow 119049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Nata-dim@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6576-1765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быкова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119602, Москва, Мичуринский проспект, 74</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>74, Michurinsky Prospect, Moscow 119602</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0694-3996</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бронин</surname><given-names>Г. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bronin</surname><given-names>G. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119049, Москва, 4-й Добрынинский переулок, 1/9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1/9, 4th Dobryninsky Allay, Moscow 119049</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6012-250X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кессель</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kessel</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119049, Москва, 4-й Добрынинский переулок, 1/9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1/9, 4th Dobryninsky Allay, Moscow 119049</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3880-4402</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серегин</surname><given-names>Г. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seregin</surname><given-names>G. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119049, Москва, 4-й Добрынинский переулок, 1/9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1/9, 4th Dobryninsky Allay, Moscow 119049</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2945-284X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киргизов</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirgizov</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>23, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-2482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полушин</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polushin</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6-8, L’va Tolstogo St., St. Petersburg 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-2131</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батышева</surname><given-names>Т. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Batysheva</surname><given-names>T. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119602, Москва, Мичуринский проспект, 74</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>74, Michurinsky Prospect, Moscow 119602</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Морозовская детская городская клиническая больница Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow City Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Научно-практический центр детской психоневрологии Департамента здравоохранения, города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific and Practical Centre of Pediatric Psychoneurology, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Acad. I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>(Suppl. 2)</issue-title><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Bronina N.N., Bykova O.V., Bronin G.O., Kessel A.E., Seregin G.Z., Kirgizov K.I., Polushin A.Y., Batysheva T.T., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бронина Н.В., Быкова О.В., Бронин Г.О., Кессель А.Е., Серегин Г.З., Киргизов К.И., Полушин А.Ю., Батышева Т.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bronina N.N., Bykova O.V., Bronin G.O., Kessel A.E., Seregin G.Z., Kirgizov K.I., Polushin A.Y., Batysheva T.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2319">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2319</self-uri><abstract><p>Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is a general term for immune-mediated diseases of the central nervous system whose phenotype includes affection of the optic nerve, brainstem encephalitis and myelitis. NMOSD is most commonly associated with class G antibodies against aquaporin-4 (aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G, AQP4-IgG), less commonly with class G antibodies against the glycoprotein of myelin oligodendrocytes. There are also seronegative variants of NMOSD.</p><p>The article describes our own experience in treating two boys with resistant NMOSD with AQP4-IgG positivity with high-dose immunosuppressive therapy (HIST) followed by haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In the first clinical observation, a case of resistant NMOSD in a 13-year-old boy is presented. Over the course of 6 months, the child’s neurological deficit progressed to 9.5 points on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). After mobilization of peripheral stem cells (PSC), HIST was performed, followed by autologous HSCT (autoHSCT). During the 18-month follow-up, no NMOSD activity and the decrease in EDSS to 7.0 points were maintained. In the second clinical observation, the experience with the treatment of a child with resistant high-activity NMOSD is presented. A 10-year-old boy had two exacerbations within four months against the background of two lines of immunosuppressive therapy. PSCs were collected before auto-HSCT, but due to a further exacerbation and lack of clinical response to the mobilization dose of cyclophosphamide, it was decided to perform an allogeneic HSCT from a haploidentical donor. The follow-up period was 9 months. The EDSS score decreased from 6.5 to 3.5. AQP4-IgG was not detected in the blood of either patient. Both patients received satralizumab as part of consolidation therapy. No significant complications were observed after transplantation.</p><p>Thus, HIST followed by HSCT can be considered a promising method for the treatment of resistant forms of NMOSD. The choice of HSCT type may depend on the severity of the patient’s somatic and neurological condition as well as the clinical response to immunosuppressive therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>«Заболевание спектра оптиконевромиелита» (ЗСОНМ) – общий термин для обозначения иммуноопосредованных заболеваний центральной нервной системы, фенотип которых включает поражение зрительного нерва, стволовой энцефалит и миелит. Наиболее часто ЗСОНМ ассоциированы с антителами класса G к аквапорину-4 (aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G, AQP4-IgG), реже – с антителами класса G к гликопротеину миелиновых олигодендроцитов. Встречаются также серонегативные варианты ЗСОНМ.</p><p>В статье приводится описание собственного опыта терапии двух детей с ЗСОНМ резистентного течения с наличием AQP4-IgG при помощи метода высокодозной иммуносупрессивной терапии (ВИСТ) с последующей трансплантацией гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК). В первом клиническом наблюдении представлен случай резистентного ЗСОНМ у мальчика 13 лет. За 6 мес неврологический дефицит у ребенка прогрессировал до 9,5 балла по Расширенной шкале оценке степени инвалидизации (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS). После мобилизации периферических стволовых клеток (ПСК) выполнен этап ВИСТ с последующей аутологичной ТГСК (ауто-ТГСК). За 18 мес катамнестического наблюдения сохраняется отсутствие активности ЗСОНМ и снижение EDSS до 7,0 балла. Во втором клиническом наблюдении представлен опыт терапии ребенка с резистентным высокоактивным ЗСОНМ. У мальчика 10 лет за 4 мес отмечалось два обострения на фоне двух линий иммуносупрессивной терапии. Выполнен сбор ПСК в рамках подготовки к ауто-ТГСК, однако ввиду очередного обострения и отсутствия клинического ответа на мобилизационную дозу циклофосфамида было принято решение о проведении аллогенной ТГСК от гаплоидентичного донора. Период катамнестического наблюдения – 9 мес. Отмечается снижение балла по шкале EDSS с 6,5 до 3,5. AQP4-IgG в крови у обоих пациентов не выявляются. Оба пациента получают сатрализумаб в рамках консолидирующей терапии. Значимых посттрансплантационных осложнений не отмечалось.</p><p>Таким образом, ВИСТ с последующей ТГСК может рассматриваться как перспективный метод лечения резистентных форм ЗСОНМ. Выбор варианта ТГСК может зависеть от тяжести соматического и неврологического статуса пациента, а также от клинического ответа на проводимую иммуносупрессивную терапию.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>заболевание спектра оптиконевромиелита</kwd><kwd>антитела к аквапорину-4</kwd><kwd>трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder</kwd><kwd>antibodies against aquaporin-4</kwd><kwd>haematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The investigation has not been sponsored</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бойко АН. 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