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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2024-2S-44-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-2315</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Experience with the use of cladribine tablets in real-life clinical practice: independent analysis of data from 12 Russian clinical centres</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опыт применения кладрибина в таблетках в реальной клинической практике: независимый анализ данных 12 российских клиник</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2975-4151</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойко</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boyko</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Николаевич Бойко</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1; 117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey Nikolaevich Boyko</p><p>1, Ostrovityanovа St., Moscow 117997; 1, Ostrovityanovа St., Build. 10, Moscow 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">boykoan13@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-3223</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алифирова</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alifirova</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>634050, Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moskovsky High Road, Tomsk 634050</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0471-5084</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пашковская</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pashkovskaya</surname><given-names>D. 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Ильинская, 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>9, Ilinskaya St, Omsk 644024</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9719-6772</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603005, Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1; 603155, Нижний Новгород, Верхне-Волжская набережная, 21</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10/1, Minina and Pozharskogo Sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603005; 21, Verhne-Volzhskaya Amb., Nizhny Novgorod 603155</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-10"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0402-7430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шейко</surname><given-names>Г. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheiko</surname><given-names>G. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603005, Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1; 603155, Нижний Новгород, Верхне-Волжская набережная, 21</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10/1, Minina and Pozharskogo Sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603005; 21, Verhne-Volzhskaya Amb., Nizhny Novgorod 603155</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-10"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6539-9181</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>A. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603005, Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1; 603155, Нижний Новгород, Верхне-Волжская набережная, 21</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10/1, Minina and Pozharskogo Sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603005; 21, Verhne-Volzhskaya Amb., Nizhny Novgorod 603155</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-10"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1899-7835</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Главинская</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glavinskaya</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>693004, Южно-Сахалинск, проспект Мира, 430</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>430, Mira Prosp., Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk 693004</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-11"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России; ФГБУ «Федеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий» ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia; Federal Center of Brain and Neurotechnologies, FMBA of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тюменский областной центр рассеянного склероза, АО «Медико-санитарная часть «Нефтяник»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>AO “Neftyanik” Primary Healthcare Unit, Tyumen Regional Center for Multiple Sclerosis</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУЗ Свердловской области «Свердловская областная клиническая больница №1»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sverdlovsk State Regional Clinical Hospital No 1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанская государственная медицинская академия – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России; Республиканский клинико-диагностический центр по демиелинизирующим заболеваниям Минздрава Республики Татарстан</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical Academy, Branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia; Republican Clinical and Diagnostic Center for Demyelinating Diseases, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Орловский государственный университет им. И.С. Тургенева»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>КГБУЗ «Краевая клиническая больница им. проф. С.И. Сергеева»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Regional Clinical Hospital named after prof. S.I. Sergeev</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-9"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>БУЗ Омской области «Клинический диагностический центр»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical Diagnostic Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-10"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ГБУЗ Нижегородской области «Городская клиническая больница № 3»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volga Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia; City Clinical Hospital No. 3</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-11"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Сахалинская областная клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sakhalin Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>(Suppl. 2)</issue-title><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Boyko A.N., Alifirova V.M., Pashkovskaya D.V., Kuchina E.I., Sivertseva S.A., Turova E.L., Goncharova Z.A., Rudenko O.Y., Pogrebnova Y.Y., Khabirov F.A., Khaibullin T.I., Babicheva N.N., Khoroshilova N.L., Dzundza O.V., Soldatova O.A., Belova A.N., Sheiko G.Е., Makarova A.Е., Glavinskaya N.G., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бойко А.Н., Алифирова В.М., Пашковская Д.В., Кучина Е.И., Сиверцева С.А., Турова Е.Л., Гончарова З.А., Руденко О.Ю., Погребнова Ю.Ю., Хабиров Ф.А., Хайбуллин Т.И., Бабичева Н.Н., Хорошилова Н.Л., Дзундза О.В., Солдатова О.А., Белова А.Н., Шейко Г.Е., Макарова А.Е., Главинская Н.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Boyko A.N., Alifirova V.M., Pashkovskaya D.V., Kuchina E.I., Sivertseva S.A., Turova E.L., Goncharova Z.A., Rudenko O.Y., Pogrebnova Y.Y., Khabirov F.A., Khaibullin T.I., Babicheva N.N., Khoroshilova N.L., Dzundza O.V., Soldatova O.A., Belova A.N., Sheiko G.Е., Makarova A.Е., Glavinskaya N.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2315">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2315</self-uri><abstract><p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. The article analyses the ability of cladribine, which due to its selective lymphotoxic effect on activated cells and central effect on immunomodulation in brain tissue underwent successful clinical trials in 2010, when it was (temporarily) approved in Russia.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to analyse the effect of cladribine tablets in daily practice on the course of MS over 3–4 year observational period after immune reconstitution therapy (IRT) in several neurological clinics from different regions of Russia.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. We collected data on 235 patients from 12 neurological clinics and regional MS centres who were followed for an average of 3.4 years after starting cladribine treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. An independent analysis of cases in which cladribine tablets were prescribed showed that the reason for prescribing cladribine was highly active MS (HARS) in 159 (67.7%) patients, rapidly progressive MS (RPMS) in 20 (8.5%), active relapsing-remitting MS – in 50 (21.3%) and secondary progressive MS with exacerbations – in 6 (2.5%). Only 12 (5.1%) of these patients had not previously received disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), i.e. in these cases the drug was the first DMT prescribed. Among patients who had received a second-line DMTs before switching to cladribine, 22 had previously received natalizumab, 5 had received ocrelizumab and only 1 had received fingolimod. Remaining patients (n=195) were switched from first-line DMTs. In all cases, a decrease in the frequency of exacerbations was observed during and after completion of the IRT course. Exacerbations between the first and second course of cladribine were observed in 36 patients (15.3% of all treated patients), including in almost half of the cases those who were switched from natalizumab (17 exacerbations or 47.2% of all exacerbations, that developed between the first and second course of therapy) and in three cases – from ocrelizumab (8.3 % of exacerbations that developed between the first and second course of therapy, or 60 % of all those switched from ocrelizumab to cladribine). After completion of full cladribine treatment during the four-year observation period, exacerbations occurred in 14 patients (6% of all patients included in the analysis), six of which occurred after switching from natalizumab.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results are generally consistent with the results of recently published meta-analyses and reviews, but the high likelihood of exacerbations in patients switched from second-line therapies such as natalizumab and ocrelizumab is noteworthy. Both drugs are prescribed for aggressive types of MS with exacerbations (highly active and rapidly progressive) who had a high frequency of exacerbations and an increase in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores prior to being prescribed these drugs. The switch from natalizumab is usually due to an increased risk of developing progressive multifocal encephalopathy with a high titre of antibodies against the JC-virus and the duration of natal izumab use of more than 2 years. It is likely that the resumption of MS activity after discontinuation of natalizumab is quite pronounced, and replacement with treatment with cladribine in tablet form is not able to completely prevent this. In this respect, such a switch does not appear to be optimal, in contrast to cases where first-line drugs are switched to cladribine.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рассеянный склероз (РС) – аутоиммунно-воспалительное и нейродегенеративное заболевание центральной нервной системы. В статье анализируется способность кладрибина, который благодаря своему избирательному лимфотоксическому действию на активированные клетки и центральному эффекту на иммуномодуляцию в ткани мозга прошел успешные клинические исследования в 2010 г., когда и был зарегистрирован в России (временно).</p><p>Целью данного исследования был анализ влияния кладрибина в таблетках в повседневной практике на течение РС при наблюдении на протяжении 3–4 лет после курса терапии иммунореконституции (ТИР) в нескольких неврологических клиниках из разных регионов Российской Федерации.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Была собрана информация о 235 пациентах из 12 неврологических клиник и региональных центров РС, которых наблюдали в среднем 3,4 года после начала курса терапии кладрибином.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Независимый анализ случаев назначения кладрибина в таблетках показал, что причинами назначения кладрибина были течение РС, определенное как высокоактивное, – у 159 (67,7%) пациентов, быстропрогрессирующий РС – у 20 (8,5%), активный ремиттирующий РС – у 50 (21,3%) и вторично-прогрессирующий РС с обострениями – у 6 (2,5%). Среди них ранее препараты, изменяющие течение РС (ПИТРС), не получали только 12 (5,1%) пациентов, т. е. в этих случаях препарат назначался как первый ПИТРС. Среди пациентов, которые до перевода на кладрибин получали ПИТРС второй линии, 22 человека ранее получали натализумаб, пять – окрелизумаб и только один – финголимод. Остальные пациенты (n=195) были переведены с ПИТРС первой линии. Во всех случаях отмечено снижение частоты обострений во время и после завершения курса ТИР. Обострения между первым и вторым курсами кладрибина отмечены у 36 пациентов (15,3% от всех пролеченных), среди них почти половина случаев касались тех, кого переводили с натализумаба (17 обострений, или 47,2% от числа всех обострений, развившихся между первым и вторым курсами терапии), и в трех случаях – с окрелизумаба (8,3% обострений, развившихся между первым и вторым курсами терапии, или 60% от числа всех переведенных с окрелизумаба на кладрибин). После окончания полного курса кладрибина в течение 4 лет наблюдения обострения отмечены у 14 пациентов (6% от числа всех пациентов, включенных в анализ), из них в шести случаях – после перевода с натализумаба.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные данные в целом соответствуют результатам метаанализов и обзоров, опубликованных в последнее время, но обращает на себя внимание высокая вероятность обострений у пациентов, которых переводили с таких препаратов второй линии, как натализумаб и окрелизумаб. Оба препарата назначаются при агрессивных типах течения РС с обострениями (высоко активном и быстропрогрессирующем), у которых до назначения этих препаратов наблюдались высокая частота обострений и нарастание балла по Расширенной шкале инвалидизации (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS). Перевод с натализумаба осуществляется чаще всего из-за повышения риска развития прогрессирующей мультифокальной энцефалопатии при высоком титре антител к JC-вирусу и длительности приема натализумаба более 2 лет. Вероятно, возобновление активности РС после отмены натализумаба является достаточно выраженным и замена на курс таблетированного кладрибина не в полной мере способна это предотвратить. В связи с этим такой перевод представляется не оптимальным, в отличие от случаев перевода на кладрибин с препаратов первой линии.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>реальная клиническая практика</kwd><kwd>препараты</kwd><kwd>изменяющие течение рассеянного склероза</kwd><kwd>наблюдательное исследование</kwd><kwd>кладрибин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>real-world clinical practice</kwd><kwd>multiple sclerosis disease-modifying treatment</kwd><kwd>observational study</kwd><kwd>cladribine</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The investigation has not been sponsored</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ward M, Goldman MD. Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis. 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