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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2024-3-117-122</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-2278</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Cognitive impairment in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Когнитивные нарушения при заболеваниях спектра оптиконевромиелита</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6314-2706</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вехина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vekhina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>150000, Ярославль, ул. Революционная, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5, Revolutsionnaya St., Yaroslavl 150000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-4113</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касаткин</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasatkin</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Касаткин Дмитрий Сергеевич.</p><p>150000, Ярославль, ул. Революционная, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry S. Kasatkin.</p><p>5, Revolutsionnaya St., Yaroslavl 150000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dskasatkin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3728-1407</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корчевный</surname><given-names>С. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korchevnyi</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>150000, Ярославль, ул. Революционная, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5, Revolutsionnaya St., Yaroslavl 150000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7946-7060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Березняк</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bereznyak</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>150000, Ярославль, ул. Революционная, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5, Revolutsionnaya St., Yaroslavl 150000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>122</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Vekhina E.A., Kasatkin D.S., Korchevnyi S.E., Bereznyak K.I., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вехина Е.А., Касаткин Д.С., Корчевный С.Э., Березняк К.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vekhina E.A., Kasatkin D.S., Korchevnyi S.E., Bereznyak K.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2278">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2278</self-uri><abstract><p>Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are a group of immune-mediated inflammatory lesions of the central nervous system that primarily cause dysfunction and death of astrocytes, leading to secondary disruption of myelination. The optic nerve, the spinal cord, the brain stem (periventricular and periaqueductal space) and the diencephalon are most frequently affected sites. According to a meta-analysis of 25 studies, the prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) in 761 patients with NMOSD aged 34 to 53 years was between 3 and 75%, after adjustment this figure was 34%. The most frequently observed CI in NMOSD are decreased attention and working memory function, reduced information processing speed and impaired verbal memory and fluency. A significant influence on the severity of CI in NMOSD have the patient's age, the duration of the disease, the level of education, the degree of disability and the severity of upper and lower limb dysfunction. The data collected suggest that neurodegenerative disorders, including CI, are characteristic of this pathology. The pathogenesis of CI in NMOSD is very complex and involves both mechanisms of direct damage to structures that perform cognitive functions (hippocampus, prefontal cortex) and immunological aspects (microglia, complement, interleukin 6), which requires further investigation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Заболевания спектра оптиконевромиелита (ЗСОНМ) — группа иммуноопосредованных воспалительных поражений центральной нервной системы, при которых преимущественно возникает дисфункция и происходит гибель астроцитов, что приводит к вторичному нарушению миелинизации. Наиболее частой локализацией поражения являются зрительный нерв, спинной мозг, ствол мозга (перивентрикулярное и околоводопроводное пространство) и промежуточный мозг. По данным метаанализа 25 исследований, среди 761 пациента с ЗСОНМ в возрасте от 34 до 53 лет распространенность когнитивных нарушений (КН) составила от 3 до 75%, после корректировки этот показатель составил 34%. Наиболее часто выявляемыми КН при ЗСОНМ являются снижение функции внимания и оперативной памяти, скорости обработки информации, а также нарушение вербальной памяти и беглости речи. Существенное влияние на выраженность КН при ЗСОНМ оказывают возраст пациента, длительность заболевания, уровень образования, а также степень инвалидизации и выраженность нарушения функции верхней и нижней конечности. Накопленные данные позволяют говорить о том, что нейродегенеративные нарушения, в том числе КН, свойственны данной патологии. Патогенез КН при ЗСОНМ весьма сложен, включает в себя как механизмы прямого повреждения структур, реализующих когнитивные функции (гиппокамп, префронтальная кора), так и иммунологические аспекты (микроглия, комплемент, интерлейкин 6), что требует дальнейшего изучения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>заболевания спектра оптиконевромиелита</kwd><kwd>интерлейкин 6</kwd><kwd>микроглия</kwd><kwd>аквапорин-4</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders</kwd><kwd>interleukin 6</kwd><kwd>microglia</kwd><kwd>aquaporin-4</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья спонсируется компанией «Генериум».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article is sponsored by Generium.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anaya JM, Ramirez-Santana C, Alzate MA, et al. 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