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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2024-3-19-25</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-2274</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Clinical and neurophysiological features of the augmentation phenomenon in restless legs syndrome</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Характеристика феномена аугментации при синдроме беспокойных ног</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3369-5529</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбачев</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbachev</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горбачев Никита Алексеевич.</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita A. Gorbachev.</p><p>8, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2, Moscow 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikit.gorbacheff@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5576-1649</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Обухова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Obukhova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2, Moscow 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0114-9693</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Феденева</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedeneva</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-0918</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полуэктов</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poluektov</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2, Moscow 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Gorbachev N.A., Obukhova A.V., Fedeneva L.A., Poluektov M.G., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горбачев Н.А., Обухова А.В., Феденева Л.А., Полуэктов М.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorbachev N.A., Obukhova A.V., Fedeneva L.A., Poluektov M.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2274">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2274</self-uri><abstract><p>Anxiety and depressive disorders are common in restless legs syndrome (RLS); in some cases, the disease is accompanied by cognitive impairment and a deterioration in quality of life. The most important treatment method for RLS is the use of dopaminergic medications. In some cases, the use of these drugs leads to a complication - the phenomenon of augmentation, which manifests itself in an increase in RLS symptoms as the dose of medication increases.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to determine the clinical and neurophysiological characteristics of RLS patients with the augmentation phenomenon.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. 40 patients with RLS were examined: 20 with augmentation (main group, MG; 5 men and 15 women) and 20 without augmentation (comparison group, CG; 7 men and 13 women). The median age of the patients in the MG was 63.5 [56; 71] years, and 62.0 [43.5; 71.5] years in the CG. Clinical assessment was performed using the RLS Severity Rating Scale (RS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Quality of Life Scale (SF-36), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Trail Making Test (Part A), Trail Making Test (part B), phonemic and semantic speech activity tests. All patients underwent suggested immobilization test (SIT) to assess the urge to move on a 10-point numerical rating scale (NRS) and periodic limb movements (PLM) while awake, as well as a polysomnographic examination.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Augmentation significantly more frequently resulted in an expansion of the area of distribution of the urge to move and other unpleasant sensations over the entire surface of the legs (p=0.01), painful discomfort in the legs (p=0.001), early onset of symptoms (04:00—18:00; p=0.04), shortening of the latency period for the onset of symptoms (p=0.001), twitching in the legs while awake (p=0.04), taking higher doses of dopaminergic medications (p=0.004). In augmentation, the MoCA score is lower (p=0.01), such patients use fewer words in the semantic speech activity test (p=0.049), have a higher score on the RS (p=0.001) and ISI (p=0.02), a greater number of PLMs while awake according to SIT (p=0.01) compared to CG. No significant differences were found between groups in terms of age, gender, ferritin level, total score on the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventory, SF-36 Quality of Life Scale, Trail Making Test (Part A), Trail Making Test (part B), phonemic speech activity test, polysomnography indicators (including motor activity during sleep).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. From a clinical and neurophysiological point of view, the phenomenon of augmentation is not simply a manifestation of a more severe course of RLS but has features that reflect the pathogenesis of this disorder. During augmentation, patients tend to describe the sensations as painful and their involuntary motor activity increases. This reflects changes in the activity of the diencephalospinal tract due to excessive dopaminergic stimulation.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>При синдроме беспокойных ног (СБН) часто встречаются тревожные и депрессивные расстройства, в ряде случаев заболевание сопровождается когнитивными нарушениями и ухудшением качества жизни. Основной линией терапии СБН является применение дофаминергических средств. В некоторых случаях прием этих препаратов приводит к осложнению — феномену аугментации, который выражается в усилении проявлений СБН на фоне повышения дозы препарата.</p><p>Цель исследования — определение клинических и нейрофизиологических особенностей пациентов с СБН с феноменом аугментации.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Обследовано 40 пациентов с СБН: 20 с аугментацией (основная группа, ОГ; 5 мужчин и 15 женщин) и 20 без аугментации (группа сравнения, ГС; 7 мужчин и 13 женщин). Медиана возраста больных ОГ составила 63,5[56; 71] года, ГС — 62,0 [43,5; 71,5] года. Производилась клиническая оценка при помощи рейтинговой шкалы оценки тяжести СБН (РШ), Монреальской шкалы оценки когнитивных функций (МоСА), шкалы тревоги Бека, шкалы депрессии Бека, шкалы качества жизни (SF-36), индекса тяжести инсомнии, теста последовательного соединения цифр (часть А), теста последовательного соединения цифр и букв (часть В), тестов на фонематическую и семантическую речевую активность. Уровень аугментации оценивался по одноименной рейтинговой шкале. Всем пациентам проводились тест предложенной иммобилизации (ТПИ) для оценки позыва к движению по 10-балльной числовой рейтинговой шкале (ЧРШ) и периодических движений конечностей (ПДК) в состоянии бодрствования, а также полисомнографическое исследование.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При аугментации значимо чаще встречаются расширение площади распространения позыва к движению и других неприятных ощущений по всей поверхности ног (р=0,01), болевой дискомфорт в ногах (р=0,001), раннее появление симптомов (04:00-18:00;р=0,04), укорочение латентного периода появления симптомов (р=0,001), подергивания в ногах в состоянии бодрствования (р=0,04), прием более высоких доз дофаминергических препаратов (р=0,004). При аугментации ниже значение МоСА-теста (р=0,01), такие пациенты используют меньше слов в тесте семантической речевой активности (р=0,049), имеют более высокий балл по РШ (р=0,001) индексу тяжести инсомнии (р=0,02), большее число ПДК в состоянии бодрствования в ТПИ (р=0,01) по сравнению с ГС. Не обнаружено значимых различий между группами по возрасту, полу, уровню ферритина, общему баллу по шкале тревоги и депрессии Бека, шкале оценки качества жизни SF-36, тесту последовательного соединения цифр (часть А), тесту последовательного соединения цифр и букв (часть В), тесту на фонематическую речевую активность, показателям полисомнографии (в том числе двигательной активности во сне).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Феномен аугментации с клинической и нейрофизиологической точек зрения не является просто проявлением более тяжелого течения СБН, а имеет особенности, отражающие патогенез этого состояния. При аугментации пациенты склонны описывать ощущения как болевые, при этом у них увеличивается непроизвольная двигательная активность. Это отражает изменение активности диэнцефалоспинального пути на фоне избыточной дофаминергической стимуляции.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром беспокойных ног</kwd><kwd>аугментация</kwd><kwd>нарушения сна</kwd><kwd>периодические движения конечностями в состоянии бодрствования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>restless legs syndrome</kwd><kwd>augmentation</kwd><kwd>sleep disorders</kwd><kwd>periodic limb movements while awake</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allen RP, Picchietti DL, Garcia-Borreguero D, et al; International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease diagnostic criteria: updated International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) consensus criteria — history, rationale, description, and significance. 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