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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2024-2-95-100</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-2237</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Alzheimer's disease: diagnosis and treatment, errors in patient management</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Болезнь Альцгеймера: диагностика и лечение, ошибки при ведении пациентов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1992-7960</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парфенов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parfenov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimirparfenov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2424-3245</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гришина</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishina</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3713-7445</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюрина</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyurina</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>11, Rossolimo St., Build. 1, Moscow 119021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра нервных болезней и нейрохирургии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Parfenov V.A., Grishina D.A., Tyurina A.Y., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Парфенов В.А., Гришина Д.А., Тюрина А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Parfenov V.A., Grishina D.A., Tyurina A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2237">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2237</self-uri><abstract><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common degenerative disease of the brain leading to dementia. AD is the most common cause of disability among age-related diseases. The diagnosis of AD is based on clinical findings and is confirmed by the presence of positive biological markers of the disease, which reflect the pathological formation of beta-amyloid and tau protein in the brain. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain shows brain atrophy in AD and helps to rule out other diseases. Psychosocial and behavioral approaches form the basis for the treatment of patients with AD; cognitive training in combination with regular physical exercise is recommended. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and the glutamate receptor blocker memantine are used as drugs that improve the cognitive functions of patients with AD. Dispersible forms of memantine are used to treat dysphagia in patients with AD. The efficacy and safety of pathogenetic therapy aimed at eliminating cerebral beta-amyloid by passive immunization is under discussion. Unfortunately, AD is rarely diagnosed in our country; doctors are not sufficiently informed about the diagnosis and modern treatment methods of AD. Many AD patients are observed with the misdiagnosis of chronic cerebrovascular disease and do not receive effective therapy. A clinical observation of a patient with early-onset AD is presented, reflecting typical errors in patient management. Issues for optimizing the management of AD patients are discussed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Болезнь Альцгеймера (БА) – наиболее частое дегенеративное заболевание головного мозга, вызывающее развитие деменции. БА является первой по частоте причиной инвалидности в структуре связанных с возрастом заболеваний. Диагноз БА основывается на клинических данных и подтверждается наличием положительных биологических маркеров заболевания, отражающих патологическое образование бета-амилоида и тау-протеина в головном мозге. Магнитно-резонансная томография головного мозга выявляет при БА атрофию головного мозга и позволяет исключить другие заболевания. Психосоциальные и поведенческие направления составляют основу ведения пациента с БА, рекомендуется когнитивный тренинг в сочетании с регулярной физической активностью. В качестве лекарственных средств, улучшающих когнитивные функции пациентов с БА, используются ингибиторы ацетилхолинэстеразы и блокатор глутаматных рецепторов мемантин. При дисфагии у пациентов с БА применяются диспергируемые формы мемантина. Обсуждаются эффективность и безопасность патогенетической терапии, направленной на выведение церебрального бета-амилоида с помощью пассивной иммунизации. К сожалению, в нашей стране БА редко диагностируется, врачи недостаточно осведомлены о диагностике и современных методах терапии БА. Многие пациенты с БА наблюдаются с ошибочным диагнозом хронического цереброваскулярного заболевания и не получают эффективную терапию. Представлено клиническое наблюдение пациента с БА с ранним дебютом, отражающее типичные ошибки при ведении пациентов. Обсуждаются вопросы оптимизации ведения пациентов с БА.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера с ранним дебютом</kwd><kwd>мемантин</kwd><kwd>Меморитаб</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы ацетилхолинэстеразы</kwd><kwd>биологические маркеры болезни Альцгемера</kwd><kwd>антиамилоидная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Alzheimer's disease</kwd><kwd>early-onset Alzheimer's disease</kwd><kwd>memantine</kwd><kwd>Memorytab</kwd><kwd>acetylcholinesterase inhibitors</kwd><kwd>biological markers of Alzheimer's disease</kwd><kwd>anti-amyloid therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alzheimer's Association. 2016 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. 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