<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2024-2-34-40</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-2222</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И МЕТОДИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Efficacy of antiparkinsonian therapy in tremor correction according to tremorography</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эффективность противопаркинсонической терапии в коррекции тремора по данным треморографии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0878-3452</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богачева</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogacheva</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>192019, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, Bekhtereva St., St. Petersburg 192019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ronika1988@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2266-9197</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>192019, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, Bekhtereva St., St. Petersburg 192019</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7700-2704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>192019, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, Bekhtereva St., St. Petersburg 192019</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Bogacheva V.A., Zakharov D.V., Mikhailov V.A., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Богачева В.А., Захаров Д.В., Михайлов В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogacheva V.A., Zakharov D.V., Mikhailov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2222">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2222</self-uri><abstract><p>Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of antiparkinsonian drugs of different groups considering the frequency-amplitude characteristics in the correction of tremulous hyperkinesis in Parkinson's disease (PD) using tremorography. Material and methods. 172 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PD were observed. Taking into account age and contraindications, patients were divided into four groups receiving one of four drugs in monotherapy: dopamine receptor agonists (ADR; pramipexole), levodopa (Tidomet forte), anticholinergics (biperiden), amantadines (amantadine sulfate). Before starting treatment and after completion of the selected therapy, patients underwent tremorography to analyse the frequency, amplitude and duration of tremor over time in four standard tests. Results. All antiparkinsonian drugs reduced rest tremor, and the efficacy of pramipexole in treating tremor was comparable to that of levodopa in the early stages of the disease. As the severity of the disease increased, the efficacy of ADRs decreased, whereas levodopa became more important. Amantadine sulfate showed the lowest efficacy in rest tremor. The efficacy of anticholinergics against tremor is high but inconsistent. Conclusion. We demonstrated feasibility of using tremorography in the selection of an individualised treatment programme for patients with shaking hyperkinesis in PD , and the high efficacy of levodopa in shaking hyperkinesis was confirmed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель исследования – оценить эффективность противопаркинсонических препаратов разных групп с учетом частотно-амплитудных характеристик в коррекции дрожательного гиперкинеза при болезни Паркинсона (БП) под контролем треморографии. Материал и методы. Наблюдались 172 пациента с верифицированным диагнозом БП. С учетом возраста и противопоказаний пациенты были разделены на четыре группы, получавшие один из четырех препаратов в монотерапии: агонисты дофаминовых рецепторов (АДР; прамипексол), препараты леводопы (Тидомет форте), холинолитики (бипериден), амантадины (амантадина сульфат). До начала лечения и после подобранной терапии пациентам проводилась треморография с исследованием частоты, амплитуды и протяженности тремора во времени в четырех стандартных пробах. Результаты. Все противопаркинсонические препараты уменьшали тремор покоя, при этом эффективность прамипексола в лечении тремора на ранних стадиях заболевания была сопоставима с таковой леводопы. При усилении тяжести заболевания эффективность АДР снижалась, в то время как леводопы, наоборот, становилась более значимой. Наименьшую эффективность при треморе покоя показал амантадина сульфат. Эффективность холинолитиков в отношении тремора высока, однако неоднородна. Заключение. Показана целесообразность использования треморографии при выборе индивидуальной программы лечения для пациентов с дрожательным гиперкинезом при БП, а также подтверждена высокая эффективность леводопы при дрожательном гиперкинезе.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Паркинсона</kwd><kwd>тремор</kwd><kwd>лекарственная терапия</kwd><kwd>леводопа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Parkinson's disease</kwd><kwd>tremor</kwd><kwd>drug therapy</kwd><kwd>levodopa</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Литвиненко ИВ, Одинак ММ. Рациональный подход к медикаментозной терапии – основа обеспечения качества жизни при болезни Паркинсона. Военно-медицинский журнал. 2004;325(4):47-53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litvinenko IV. Odinak MM. Rational approach to drug therapy is the basis for life quality management in patients with Parkinson's disease. Voyenno-meditsinskiy zhurnal. 2004;325(4):47-53 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гусев ЕИ, Коновалов АН, Скворцова ВИ, Гехт АБ, редакторы. Неврология: Национальное руководство. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2009. 1035 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gusev EI, Konovalov AN, Skvortsova VI, Gekht AB. Nevrologiya: Natsionalnoye rukovodstvo [Neurology: National Guide]. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2009. 1035 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Armstrong MJ, Okun MS. Diagnosis and Treatment of Parkinson Disease: A Review. JAMA. 2020 Feb 11;323(6):548-60. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.22360</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Armstrong MJ, Okun MS. Diagnosis and Treatment of Parkinson Disease: A Review. JAMA. 2020 Feb 11;323(6):548-60. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.22360</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Madelein van der Stouwe AM, Nieuwhof F, Helmich RC. Tremor pathophysiology: lessons from neuroimaging. Curr Opin Neurol. 2020 Aug;33(4):474-81. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000829</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Madelein van der Stouwe AM, Nieuwhof F, Helmich RC. Tremor pathophysiology: lessons from neuroimaging. Curr Opin Neurol. 2020 Aug;33(4):474-81. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000829</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Timmer J, Lauk M, Vach W, et al. A test for a difference between spectral peak frequencies. Comp Stat Data Anal. 1999;30:45-55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Timmer J, Lauk M, Vach W, et al. A test for a difference between spectral peak frequencies. Comp Stat Data Anal. 1999;30:45-55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raethjen J, Govindan RB, Muthuraman M, et al. Cortical correlates of the basic and first harmonic frequency of Parkinsonian tremor. Clin Neurophysiol. 2009 Oct;120(10):1866-72. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.06.028. Epub 2009 Sep 12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raethjen J, Govindan RB, Muthuraman M, et al. Cortical correlates of the basic and first harmonic frequency of Parkinsonian tremor. Clin Neurophysiol. 2009 Oct;120(10):1866-72. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.06.028. Epub 2009 Sep 12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pollok B, Makhloufi H, Butz M, et al. Levodopa affects functional brain networks in Parkinsonian resting tremor. Mov Disord. 2009 Jan 15;24(1):91-8. doi: 10.1002/mds.22318</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pollok B, Makhloufi H, Butz M, et al. Levodopa affects functional brain networks in Parkinsonian resting tremor. Mov Disord. 2009 Jan 15;24(1):91-8. doi: 10.1002/mds.22318</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dirkx MF, Bologna M. The pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease tremor. J Neurol Sci. 2022 Apr 15;435:120196. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120196. Epub 2022 Feb 19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dirkx MF, Bologna M. The pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease tremor. J Neurol Sci. 2022 Apr 15;435:120196. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120196. Epub 2022 Feb 19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Голубев ВЛ. Диагностика и терапия дрожательной формы болезни Паркинсона. В кн.: Иллариошкин СН, Яхно НН, редакторы. Болезнь Паркинсона и расстройства движений. Москва: Диалог; 2008. С. 85-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golubev VL. Diagnosis and treatment of the shaking form of Parkinson's disease. In: Illarioshkin SN, Yakhno NN, editors. Bolezn Parkinsona i rasstroystva dvizheniy [Parkinson's disease and movement disorders.]. Moscow: Dialog; 2008. P. 85-8 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yaw TK, Fox SH, Lang AE. Clozapine in Parkinsonian Rest Tremor: A Review of Outcomes, Adverse Reactions, and Possible Mechanisms of Action. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2015 Dec 30;3(2):116-24. doi: 10.1002/mdc3.12266</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yaw TK, Fox SH, Lang AE. Clozapine in Parkinsonian Rest Tremor: A Review of Outcomes, Adverse Reactions, and Possible Mechanisms of Action. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2015 Dec 30;3(2):116-24. doi: 10.1002/mdc3.12266</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нодель МР. Современные диагностические критерии болезни Паркинсона. Российский журнал гериатрической медицины. 2021;(1):92-6. doi: 10.37586/2686-8636-1-2021-92-96</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nodel M.R. Diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease. Rossiyskiy zhurnal geriatricheskoy meditsiny = Russian Journal of Geriatric Medicine. 2021;(1):92-6. doi: 10.37586/2686-8636-1-2021-92-96 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Протокол ведения больных. Болезнь Паркинсона (G20) [утвержден Минздравсоцразвития РФ 14.01.2005]. Проблемы стандартизации в здравоохранении. 2005;(3):74-166.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patient management protocol. Parkinson's disease (G20) [approved by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation on January 14, 2005]. Problemy standartizatsii v zdravookhranenii. 2005;(3):74-166 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berardelli A, Wenning GK, Antonini A, et al. EFNS/MDS-ES/ENS [corrected] recommendations for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol. 2013 Jan;20(1):16-34. doi: 10.1111/ene.12022. Erratum in: Eur J Neurol. 2013 Feb;20(2):406.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berardelli A, Wenning GK, Antonini A, et al. EFNS/MDS-ES/ENS [corrected] recommendations for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol. 2013 Jan;20(1):16-34. doi: 10.1111/ene.12022. Erratum in: Eur J Neurol. 2013 Feb;20(2):406.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федорова НВ, Шток ВН. Стратегия и тактика лечения болезни Паркинсона. Консилиум. 2001;(5):237-42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorova NV. Shtok VN. Strategy and tactics for treating Parkinson's disease. Konsilium. 2001;(5):237-42 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Преображенская ИС, Яхно НН. Лечение болезни Паркинсона. Consilium Medicum. 2002;4(2):85–91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Preobrazhenskaya IS, Yakhno NN. Treatment of Parkinson's disease. Consilium Medicum. 2002;4(2):85-91 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карабань ИН и др. Болезнь Паркинсона (G20): Клинические рекомендации. Новости медицины и фармации: Психиатрия и неврология. 2007;215. Доступно по ссылке: http://www.mif-ua.com/archive/article/1396 (дата обращения 19.02.2014).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karaban IN et al. Parkinson's disease (G20): Clinical guidelines. Novosti meditsiny i farmatsii: Psikhiatriya i nevrologiya. 2007;215. Available at: http://www.mif-ua.com/archive/article/1396 (accessed 19.02.2014) (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левин ОС. Стандарты лечения болезни Паркинсона. Лечащий врач. 2007;8/9. Доступно по ссылке: http://www.lvrach.ru/2007/08/4716383/ (дата обращения 20.06.2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levin OS. Standards of treatment for Parkinson's disease. Lechashchiy vrach. 2007;8/9. Available at: http://www.lvrach.ru/2007/08/4716383/ (accessed 20.06.2015) (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левин ОС, Датиева ВК. Тремор при болезни Паркинсона: особенности феноменологии и лечения. Современная терапия в психиатрии и неврологии. 2014;(3):14-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levin OS, Datiyeva VK. Tremor in Parkinson's disease: features of phenomenology and treatment. Sovremennaya terapiya v psikhiatrii i nevrologii. 2014;(3):14-9 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Голубев ВЛ. Алгоритм лечения ранних стадий болезни Паркинсона. Атмосфера: Нервные болезни: Неврологический алгоритм. 2005;(4):9-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golubev VL. Treatment algorithm for early stages of Parkinson's disease. Atmosfera: Nervnyye bolezni: Nevrologicheskiy algoritm. 2005;(4):9-12 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Голубев ВЛ. Лечение болезни Паркинсона: решенные и нерешенные вопросы. В кн.: Избранные лекции по неврологии. Москва: Эйдос Медиа; 2006. С. 395-420.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golubev VL. Treatment of Parkinson's disease: resolved and unresolved issues. In: Izbrannyye lektsii po nevrologii [Selected lectures on neurology]. Moscow: Eydos Media; 2006. P. 395-420 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghosh TK. Early Parkinson’s Disease Tremor Characteristics: Identification &amp; Treatment. J Psychiatry Neurochem Res. 2023. Epub 04 Sep 2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghosh TK. Early Parkinson’s Disease Tremor Characteristics: Identification &amp; Treatment. J Psychiatry Neurochem Res. 2023. Epub 04 Sep 2023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jankovic J, Tan EK. Parkinson's disease: etiopathogenesis and treatment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020 Aug;91(8):795-808. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-322338. Epub 2020 Jun 23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jankovic J, Tan EK. Parkinson's disease: etiopathogenesis and treatment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020 Aug;91(8):795-808. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-322338. Epub 2020 Jun 23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beckers M, Bloem BR, Verbeek MM. Mechanisms of peripheral levodopa resistance in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2022 May 11;8(1):56. doi: 10.1038/s41531-022-00321-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beckers M, Bloem BR, Verbeek MM. Mechanisms of peripheral levodopa resistance in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2022 May 11;8(1):56. doi: 10.1038/s41531-022-00321-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zach H, Dirkx MF, Roth D, et al. Dopamine-responsive and dopamine-resistant resting tremor in Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2020 Sep 15;95(11):e1461-e1470. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000010316. Epub 2020 Jul 10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zach H, Dirkx MF, Roth D, et al. Dopamine-responsive and dopamine-resistant resting tremor in Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2020 Sep 15;95(11):e1461-e1470. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000010316. Epub 2020 Jul 10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смоленцева ИГ. Немоторные флуктуации при болезни Паркинсона. В кн.: Иллариошкин СН, Яхно НН, редакторы. Болезнь Паркинсона и расстройства движений. Москва: Диалог; 2008. С. 108-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smolentseva IG. Non-motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease. In: Illarioshkin SN, Yakhno NN, editors. Bolezn Parkinsona i rasstroystva dvizheniy [Parkinson's disease and movement disorders]. Moscow: Dialog; 2008. P. 108-11 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lenka A, Jankovic J. Tremor Syndromes: An Updated Review. Front Neurol. 2021 Jul 26;12:684835. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.684835</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lenka A, Jankovic J. Tremor Syndromes: An Updated Review. Front Neurol. 2021 Jul 26;12:684835. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.684835</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Bie RMA, Clarke CE, Espay AJ, et al. Initiation of pharmacological therapy in Parkinson's disease: when, why, and how. Lancet Neurol. 2020 May;19(5):452-61. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30036-3. Epub 2020 Mar 12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Bie RMA, Clarke CE, Espay AJ, et al. Initiation of pharmacological therapy in Parkinson's disease: when, why, and how. Lancet Neurol. 2020 May;19(5):452-61. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30036-3. Epub 2020 Mar 12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рarkinson Study Group. A randomized controlled trial comparing pramipexole with levodopa in early Parkinson's disease: design and methods of the CALM-PD Study. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2000 Jan-Feb;23(1):34-44. doi: 10.1097/00002826-200001000-00007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Рarkinson Study Group. A randomized controlled trial comparing pramipexole with levodopa in early Parkinson's disease: design and methods of the CALM-PD Study. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2000 Jan-Feb;23(1):34-44. doi: 10.1097/00002826-200001000-00007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pringsheim T, Day GS, Smith DB, et al; Guideline Subcommittee of the AAN. Dopaminergic Therapy for Motor Symptoms in Early Parkinson Disease Practice Guideline Summary: A Report of the AAN Guideline Subcommittee. Neurology. 2021 Nov 16;97(20):942-57. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012868</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pringsheim T, Day GS, Smith DB, et al; Guideline Subcommittee of the AAN. Dopaminergic Therapy for Motor Symptoms in Early Parkinson Disease Practice Guideline Summary: A Report of the AAN Guideline Subcommittee. Neurology. 2021 Nov 16;97(20):942-57. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012868</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pogarell O, Gasser T, van Hilten JJ, et al. Pramipexole in patients with Parkinson's disease and marked drug resistant tremor: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled multicentre study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002 Jun;72(6):713-20. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.72.6.713</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pogarell O, Gasser T, van Hilten JJ, et al. Pramipexole in patients with Parkinson's disease and marked drug resistant tremor: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled multicentre study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002 Jun;72(6):713-20. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.72.6.713</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elble RJ. Tremor and dopamine agonists. Neurology. 2002 Feb 26;58(4 Suppl 1):S57-62. doi: 10.1212/wnl.58.suppl_1.s57</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elble RJ. Tremor and dopamine agonists. Neurology. 2002 Feb 26;58(4 Suppl 1):S57-62. doi: 10.1212/wnl.58.suppl_1.s57</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карпова ЕА, Иванова-Смоленская ИА, Иллариошкин СН и др. Динамика основных симптомов болезни Паркинсона на фоне терапии пронораном. Неврологический журнал. 2003;8(2):49-52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karpova EA, Ivanova-Smolenskaya IA, Illarioshkin SN, et al. Dynamics of the main symptoms of Parkinson’s disease during pronoran therapy. Nevrologicheskiy zhurnal. 2003;8(2):49-52 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левин ОС. Агонисты дофаминовых рецепторов в лечении болезни Паркинсона. Лечение нервных болезней. 2003;4.1(9):14-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levin OS. Dopamine receptor agonists in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Lecheniye nervnykh bolezney. 2003;4.1(9):14-7 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шавловская ОА. Качество жизни пациентов с болезнью Паркинсона на фоне терапии агонистами дофаминовых рецепторов. Ремедиум: Журнал о российском рынке лекарств и медицинской техники. 2014;(4):25-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shavlovskaya OA. Quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease during therapy with dopamine receptor agonists. Remedium: Zhurnal o rossiyskom rynke lekarstv i meditsinskoy tekhniki. 2014;(4):25-8 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Амирджанова ВН, Горячев ДВ, Коршунов НИ и др. Популяционные показатели качества жизни по опроснику SF-36: результаты многоцентрового исследования качества жизни «МИРАЖ». Научно-практическая ревматология. 2008;46(1):36-48. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2008-852</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amirdjanova VN, Goryachev DV, Korshunov NI, et al. SF-36 questionnaire population quality of life indices Objective. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2008;46(1):36-48. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2008-852 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
