nnpNeurology, Neuropsychiatry, PsychosomaticsНеврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика2074-27112310-1342"IMA-Press", LLC10.14412/2074-2711-2024-1-102-113nnp-2190Research ArticleEXPERIMENTAL STUDIESЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯOn the antitumour effects of B vitaminsО противоопухолевых эффектах витаминов группы Вhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-710XГромоваО. А.GromovaO. A.

211933, Москва, ул. Вавилова, 4

44, Vavilovа St., Build. 2, Moscow 119333

unesco.gromova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2659-7998ТоршинИ. Ю.TorshinI. Yu.

211933, Москва, ул. Вавилова, 4

44, Vavilovа St., Build. 2, Moscow 119333

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9690-4746ФилимоноваМ. В.FilimonovaM. V.

249036, Обнинск, ул. Королева, 4

4, Koroleva St., Obninsk, 249036

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6207-5575ФроловаД. Е.FrolovaD. E.

211933, Москва, ул. Вавилова, 4;153012, Иваново, Шереметевский просп., 8

44, Vavilovа St., Build. 2, Moscow 119333;8, SheremetevskyProsp., Ivanovo 153012

Федеральный исследовательский центр «Информатика и управление» Российской академии наукРоссияFederal Research Center “Computer Science and Management”, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationМедицинский радиологический научный центр им. А.Ф. Цыба – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава РоссииРоссияMedical Radiological Research Center named after. A.F. Tsyb, brunch of National Medical Research Radiology Centre, Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр «Информатика и управление» Российской академии наук; ФГБОУ ВО «Ивановская государственная медицинская академия» Минздрава РоссииРоссияFederal Research Center “Computer Science and Management”, Russian Academy of Sciences; Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian Federation202422022024161102113Copyright © Gromova O.A., Torshin I.Y., Filimonova M.V., Frolova D.E., 20242024Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю., Филимонова М.В., Фролова Д.Е.Gromova O.A., Torshin I.Y., Filimonova M.V., Frolova D.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2190

In periodicals, vitamins and vitamin-mineral complexes (VMCs) are “accused” of having allegedly carcinogenic effects. The results of a systematic review of the literature on B vitamins presented in this paper clearly show that vitamins have at least no influence on tumour risk. When analysing experimental and clinical data on this topic, particular attention should be paid to the dosage of vitamins in monotherapy and when used as part of a VMCs.

В периодической научной литературе встречаются необоснованные «обвинения» витаминов и витаминно-минеральных комплексов (ВМК) якобы в канцерогенном действии. Представленные в настоящей работе результаты систематического обзора литературы, посвященной витаминам группы В, наглядно показывают, что витамины по меньшей мере не влияют на опухолевые риски. При анализе экспериментальных и клинических данных по этой теме следует уделять особое внимание вопросам дозирования витаминов при монотерапии и при использовании в составе ВМК.

опухолевые заболеванияонкопатогенезвитамины группы ВбиоинформатикаКомплигам В комплексанализ больших данныхtumour diseasesoncopathogenesisB vitaminsbioinformaticsCompligam B complexbig data analysisReferencesTorshin IYu (Ed.Gromova OA). Sensing the change from molecular genetics to personalized medicine. NY, USA: Nova Biomedical Books; 2009. In “Bioinformatics in the PostGenomic Era” series. ISBN 1-60692-217-0Torshin IYu (Ed.Gromova OA). Sensing the change from molecular genetics to personalized medicine. NY, USA: Nova Biomedical Books; 2009. In “Bioinformatics in the PostGenomic Era” series. ISBN 1-60692-217-0Громова ОА, Торшин ИЮ. Молекулярные механизмы синергического противоболевого и нейропротективного действия витаминов группы В по результатам протеомного анализа. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2023;15(3):128-38. doi: 10.14412/2074-2711-2023-3-128-138Gromova OA, Torshin IYu. Molecular mechanisms of synergistic analgesic and neuroprotective action of B group vitamins according to the results of proteomic analysis. Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2023;15(3):128-38. doi: 10.14412/2074-2711-2023-3-128-138 (In Russ.).Громова ОА, Лиманова ОА, Торшин ИЮ и др. Дозозависимость защитных эффектов фолиевой кислоты в прегравидарный период, во время беременности и в период лактации. Русский медицинский журнал. 2014;22(1):27-34.Gromova OA, Limanova OA, Torshin IYu, et al. The dose-dependence of the protective effects of folic acid in pre-conception care and during pregnancy and lactation. Russkiy meditsinskiy zhurnal = Russian Medical Journal. 2014;22(1):27-34 (In Russ.).Hernandez BY, McDuffie K, Wilkens LR, et al. Diet and premalignant lesions of the cervix: evidence of a protective role for folate, riboflavin, thiamin, and vitamin B12. Cancer Causes Control. 2003 Nov;14(9):859-70. doi: 10.1023/b:caco.0000003841.54413.98Hernandez BY, McDuffie K, Wilkens LR, et al. Diet and premalignant lesions of the cervix: evidence of a protective role for folate, riboflavin, thiamin, and vitamin B12. Cancer Causes Control. 2003 Nov;14(9):859-70. doi: 10.1023/b:caco.0000003841.54413.98Wu K, Helzlsouer KJ, Comstock GW, et al. A prospective study on folate, B12, and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (B6) and breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1999 Mar;8(3):209-17.Wu K, Helzlsouer KJ, Comstock GW, et al. A prospective study on folate, B12, and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (B6) and breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1999 Mar;8(3):209-17.Nakagawa K, Kudoh S, Matsui K, et al. A phase I study of pemetrexed (LY231514) supplemented with folate and vitamin B12 in Japanese patients with solid tumours. Br J Cancer. 2006 Sep 18;95(6):677-82. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603321. Epub 2006 Aug 29.Nakagawa K, Kudoh S, Matsui K, et al. A phase I study of pemetrexed (LY231514) supplemented with folate and vitamin B12 in Japanese patients with solid tumours. Br J Cancer. 2006 Sep 18;95(6):677-82. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603321. Epub 2006 Aug 29.Lajous M, Lazcano-Ponce E, Hernandez-Avila M, et al. Folate, vitamin B(6), and vitamin B(12) intake and the risk of breast cancer among Mexican women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006 Mar;15(3):443-8. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0532Lajous M, Lazcano-Ponce E, Hernandez-Avila M, et al. Folate, vitamin B(6), and vitamin B(12) intake and the risk of breast cancer among Mexican women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006 Mar;15(3):443-8. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0532Greenop KR, Miller M, Bailey HD, et al. Childhood folate, B6, B12, and food group intake and the risk of childhood brain tumors: results from an Australian case-control study. Cancer Causes Control. 2015 Jun;26(6):871-9. doi: 10.1007/s10552-015-0562-z. Epub 2015 Mar 20.Greenop KR, Miller M, Bailey HD, et al. Childhood folate, B6, B12, and food group intake and the risk of childhood brain tumors: results from an Australian case-control study. Cancer Causes Control. 2015 Jun;26(6):871-9. doi: 10.1007/s10552-015-0562-z. Epub 2015 Mar 20.Liu Y, Yu Q, Zhu Z, et al. Vitamin and multiple-vitamin supplement intake and incidence of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Med Oncol. 2015 Jan;32(1):434. doi: 10.1007/s12032-014-0434-5. Epub 2014 Dec 10.Liu Y, Yu Q, Zhu Z, et al. Vitamin and multiple-vitamin supplement intake and incidence of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Med Oncol. 2015 Jan;32(1):434. doi: 10.1007/s12032-014-0434-5. Epub 2014 Dec 10.Arendt JF, Pedersen L, Nexo E, Sorensen HT. Elevated plasma vitamin B12 levels as a marker for cancer: a populationbased cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013 Dec 4;105(23):1799-805. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djt315. Epub 2013 Nov 18.Arendt JF, Pedersen L, Nexo E, Sorensen HT. Elevated plasma vitamin B12 levels as a marker for cancer: a populationbased cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013 Dec 4;105(23):1799-805. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djt315. Epub 2013 Nov 18.Arendt JF, Farkas DK, Pedersen L, et al. Elevated plasma vitamin B12 levels and cancer prognosis: A population-based cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol. 2016 Feb;40:158-65. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.12.007. Epub 2015 Dec 24.Arendt JF, Farkas DK, Pedersen L, et al. Elevated plasma vitamin B12 levels and cancer prognosis: A population-based cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol. 2016 Feb;40:158-65. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.12.007. Epub 2015 Dec 24.Obeid R. High Plasma Vitamin B12 and Cancer in Human Studies: A Scoping Review to Judge Causality and Alternative Explanations. Nutrients. 2022 Oct 25;14(21):4476. doi: 10.3390/nu14214476Obeid R. High Plasma Vitamin B12 and Cancer in Human Studies: A Scoping Review to Judge Causality and Alternative Explanations. Nutrients. 2022 Oct 25;14(21):4476. doi: 10.3390/nu14214476Torshin IYu, Rudakov KV. On metric spaces arising during formalization of problems of recognition and classification. Part 1: properties of compactness. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (Advances in Mathematical Theory and Applications). 2016;26(2):274-84. doi: 10.1134/S1054661816020255Torshin IYu, Rudakov KV. On metric spaces arising during formalization of problems of recognition and classification. Part 1: properties of compactness. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (Advances in Mathematical Theory and Applications). 2016;26(2):274-84. doi: 10.1134/S1054661816020255Torshin IYu, Rudakov KV. On metric spaces arising during formalization of problems of recognition and classification. Part 2: density properties. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (Advances in Mathematical Theory and Applications). 2016;26(3):483-96. doi: 10.1134/S1054661816030202Torshin IYu, Rudakov KV. On metric spaces arising during formalization of problems of recognition and classification. Part 2: density properties. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (Advances in Mathematical Theory and Applications). 2016;26(3):483-96. doi: 10.1134/S1054661816030202Торшин ИЮ, Громова ОА, Майорова ЛА. О перспективах применения производных витамина B12 в фармакологии. ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология. 2023;16(3):434-44. doi: 10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2023.198.434.444Torshin IYu, Gromova OA, Maiorova LA. The Prospects for the use of vitamin B12 derivatives in pharmacology. FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Sovremennaya farmakoekonomika i farmakoepidemiologiya = FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology. 2023;16(3):434-44. doi: 10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2023.198.434.444 (In Russ.).Торшин ИЮ, Филимонова МВ, Громова ОА. Хемореактомный скрининг цитотоксических эффектов аквакобаламина и гептаметилового эфира цианоаквакобириновой кислоты на опухолевые клетки с экспериментальными подтверждениями на линиях клеток ВТ-474 и А549. ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология. doi: 10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2023.209. Доступно по ссылке: https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/921/503Torshin IYu, Filimonova MV, Gromova OA, et al. Chemoreactome screening of aquacobalamin and heptamethyl ester of cyanoaquacobyrinic acid cytotoxic effects on tumor cells with experimental confirmation on BT-474 and A549 cell lines. FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Sovremennaya farmakoekonomika i farmakoepidemiologiya = FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology. doi: 10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2023.209. Available at: https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/921/503 (In Russ.).Byerly S, Parreco JP, Soe-Lin H, et al. Vitamin C and thiamine are associated with lower mortality in sepsis. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2020 Jul;89(1):111-7. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002613Byerly S, Parreco JP, Soe-Lin H, et al. Vitamin C and thiamine are associated with lower mortality in sepsis. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2020 Jul;89(1):111-7. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002613Assouline B, Faivre A, Verissimo T, et al. Thiamine, Ascorbic Acid, and Hydrocortisone As a Metabolic Resuscitation Cocktail in Sepsis: A Meta-Analysis of 19 Randomized Controlled Trials With Trial Sequential Analysis. Crit Care Med. 2021 Dec 1;49(12):2112-20. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005262Assouline B, Faivre A, Verissimo T, et al. Thiamine, Ascorbic Acid, and Hydrocortisone As a Metabolic Resuscitation Cocktail in Sepsis: A Meta-Analysis of 19 Randomized Controlled Trials With Trial Sequential Analysis. Crit Care Med. 2021 Dec 1;49(12):2112-20. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005262Iimura Y, Kurokawa T, Andoh S, et al. Association between thiamine decrease and neuropsychiatric symptoms in gastrointestinal and hematological cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Sep;141:111929. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111929.Iimura Y, Kurokawa T, Andoh S, et al. Association between thiamine decrease and neuropsychiatric symptoms in gastrointestinal and hematological cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Sep;141:111929. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111929.Egnell M, Fassier P, Lecuyer L, et al. B-Vitamin Intake from Diet and Supplements and Breast Cancer Risk in Middle-Aged Women: Results from the Prospective NutriNet-Sante Cohort. Nutrients. 2017 May 13;9(5):488. doi: 10.3390/nu9050488Egnell M, Fassier P, Lecuyer L, et al. B-Vitamin Intake from Diet and Supplements and Breast Cancer Risk in Middle-Aged Women: Results from the Prospective NutriNet-Sante Cohort. Nutrients. 2017 May 13;9(5):488. doi: 10.3390/nu9050488Громова ОА, Торшин ИЮ, Кобалава ЖД, Сорокина МА. О фундаментальных и клинических аспектах синергидного действия магния и рибофлавина в терапевтической практике. Терапия. 2018;19(1):119-31.Gromova OA, Torshin IYu, Kobalava ZhD, Sorokina MA. About fundamental and clinical aspects of magnesium and ribolavine synergic action in therapeutic practice. Terapiya = Therapy. 2018;19(1):119-31 (In Russ.).Pan F, Chen Y, He JZ, et al. Dietary riboflavin deficiency promotes N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine-induced esophageal tumorigenesis in rats by inducing chronic inflammation. Am J Cancer Res. 2019 Nov 1;9(11):2469-81. eCollection 2019.Pan F, Chen Y, He JZ, et al. Dietary riboflavin deficiency promotes N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine-induced esophageal tumorigenesis in rats by inducing chronic inflammation. Am J Cancer Res. 2019 Nov 1;9(11):2469-81. eCollection 2019.Liu Y, Yu QY, Zhu ZL, et al. Vitamin B2 intake and the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(3):909-13. doi: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.3.909Liu Y, Yu QY, Zhu ZL, et al. Vitamin B2 intake and the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(3):909-13. doi: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.3.909Громова ОА, Торшин ИЮ. Систематический анализ экспериментальной и клинической фармакологии никотинамида и перспективы лечения атеросклероза. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2022;(10):111-25. doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-206-10-111-125Gromova OA, Torshin IYu. Systematic analysis of the experimental and clinical pharmacology of nicotinamide and prospects for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Eksperimental'naya i klinicheskaya gastroenterologiya = Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2022;(10):111-25. doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-206-10-111-125 (In Russ.).Lohani M, Dhasmana A, Haque S, et al. Niacin deficiency modulates genes involved in cancer: Are smokers at higher risk? J Cell Biochem. 2019 Jan;120(1):232-42. doi: 10.1002/jcb.27324. Epub 2018 Sep 1.Lohani M, Dhasmana A, Haque S, et al. Niacin deficiency modulates genes involved in cancer: Are smokers at higher risk? J Cell Biochem. 2019 Jan;120(1):232-42. doi: 10.1002/jcb.27324. Epub 2018 Sep 1.Ma JL, Zhao Y, Guo CY, et al. Dietary vitamin B intake and the risk of esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer Manag Res. 2018 Nov 5;10:5395-410. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S168413Ma JL, Zhao Y, Guo CY, et al. Dietary vitamin B intake and the risk of esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer Manag Res. 2018 Nov 5;10:5395-410. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S168413Громова ОА, Рудаков КВ, Торшин ИЮ. Систематический анализ эффектов холина на нервную систему на основе биохимических маршрутов. Анализ независимой литературы по молекулярной фармакологии и клиническим исследованиям. Трудный пациент. 2009;7(4-5):13-8.Gromova OA, Rudakov KV, Torshin IYu. Systematic analysis of the effects of choline on the nervous system based on biochemical pathways. Analysis of independent literature on molecular pharmacology and clinical studies. Trudnyy patsiyent = Difficult Patient. 2009;7(4-5):13-8 (In Russ.).Abratte CM, Wang W, Li R, et al. Folate intake and the MTHFR C677T genotype influence choline status in young Mexican American women. J NutrBiochem. 2008 Mar;19(3):158-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.02.004Abratte CM, Wang W, Li R, et al. Folate intake and the MTHFR C677T genotype influence choline status in young Mexican American women. J NutrBiochem. 2008 Mar;19(3):158-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.02.004Melse-Boonstra A, Holm PI, Ueland PM, et al. Betaine concentration as a determinant of fasting total homocysteine concentrations and the effect off olic acid supplementation on betaine concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Jun;81(6):1378-82. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/81.6.1378Melse-Boonstra A, Holm PI, Ueland PM, et al. Betaine concentration as a determinant of fasting total homocysteine concentrations and the effect off olic acid supplementation on betaine concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Jun;81(6):1378-82. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/81.6.1378Chiuve SE, Giovannucci EL, Hankinson SE, et al. The association between betaine and choline intakes and the plasma concentrations of homocysteine in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Oct;86(4):1073-81. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/86.4.1073Chiuve SE, Giovannucci EL, Hankinson SE, et al. The association between betaine and choline intakes and the plasma concentrations of homocysteine in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Oct;86(4):1073-81. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/86.4.1073Han P, Bidulescu A, Barber JR, et al. Dietary choline and betaine intakes and risk of total and lethal prostate cancer in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Cancer Causes Control. 2019 Apr;30(4):343-54. doi: 10.1007/s10552-019-01148-4. Epub 2019 Mar 1.Han P, Bidulescu A, Barber JR, et al. Dietary choline and betaine intakes and risk of total and lethal prostate cancer in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Cancer Causes Control. 2019 Apr;30(4):343-54. doi: 10.1007/s10552-019-01148-4. Epub 2019 Mar 1.Van Puyvelde H, Dimou N, Katsikari A, et al. The association between dietary intakes of methionine, choline and betaine and breast cancer risk: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Cancer Epidemiol. 2023 Apr;83:102322. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102322. Epub 2023 Jan 24.Van Puyvelde H, Dimou N, Katsikari A, et al. The association between dietary intakes of methionine, choline and betaine and breast cancer risk: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Cancer Epidemiol. 2023 Apr;83:102322. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102322. Epub 2023 Jan 24.Громова ОА, Торшин ИЮ, Лиманова ОА, Никонов АА. Патофизиология вегетативно-сосудистых пароксизмов (приливы) у женщин в период менопаузы и механизм действия бета-аланина. Новая клинико-фармакологическая концепция. Гинекология. 2010;12(2):29-36.Gromova OA, Torshin IYu, Limanova OA, Nikonov AA. Pathophysiology of vegetativevascular paroxysms (hot flashes) in women during menopause and the mechanism of action of beta-alanine. New clinical and pharmacological concept. Ginekologiya = Gynecology. 2010;12(2):29-36 (In Russ.).Hajizadeh B, Jessri M, Akhoondan M, et al. Nutrient patterns and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case-control study. Dis Esophagus. 2012 Jul;25(5):442-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2011.01272.xHajizadeh B, Jessri M, Akhoondan M, et al. Nutrient patterns and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case-control study. Dis Esophagus. 2012 Jul;25(5):442-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2011.01272.xShi J, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhi D. Clinical efficacy of vitamin B in the treatment of mouth ulcer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Palliat Med. 2021 Jun;10(6):6588-96. doi: 10.21037/apm-21-1064Shi J, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhi D. Clinical efficacy of vitamin B in the treatment of mouth ulcer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Palliat Med. 2021 Jun;10(6):6588-96. doi: 10.21037/apm-21-1064Zhang SM, Cook NR, Albert CM, et al. Effect of combined folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 on cancer risk in women: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2008 Nov 5;300(17):2012-21. doi: 10.1001/jama.2008.555Zhang SM, Cook NR, Albert CM, et al. Effect of combined folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 on cancer risk in women: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2008 Nov 5;300(17):2012-21. doi: 10.1001/jama.2008.555Громова ОА, Торшин ИЮ. Магний и «болезни цивилизации». Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2018. 800 с.ISBN 978-5-9704-4527-3Gromova OA, Torshin IYu. Magniyi “boleznitsivilizatsii” [Magnesium and “diseases of civilization”]. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2018. 800 p. ISBN 978-5-9704-4527-3 (In Russ.).Figueiredo JC, Levine AJ, Grau MV, et al. Vitamins B2, B6, and B12 and risk of new colorectal adenomas in a randomized trial of aspirin use and folic acid supplementation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008 Aug;17(8):2136-45. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2895Figueiredo JC, Levine AJ, Grau MV, et al. Vitamins B2, B6, and B12 and risk of new colorectal adenomas in a randomized trial of aspirin use and folic acid supplementation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008 Aug;17(8):2136-45. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2895Gylling B, Myte R, Schneede J, et al. Vitamin B-6 and colorectal cancer risk: a prospective population-based study using 3 distinct plasma markers of vitamin B-6 status. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;105(4):897-904 doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.139337. Epub 2017 Mar 8.Gylling B, Myte R, Schneede J, et al. Vitamin B-6 and colorectal cancer risk: a prospective population-based study using 3 distinct plasma markers of vitamin B-6 status. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;105(4):897-904 doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.139337. Epub 2017 Mar 8.Zuo H, Ueland PM, Midttun O, et al. Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Link Vitamin B6 Catabolism and Lung Cancer Risk. Cancer Res. 2018 Jan 1;78(1):302-8. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-1923Zuo H, Ueland PM, Midttun O, et al. Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Link Vitamin B6 Catabolism and Lung Cancer Risk. Cancer Res. 2018 Jan 1;78(1):302-8. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-1923Mocellin S, Briarava M, Pilati P. Vitamin B6 and Cancer Risk: A Field Synopsis and Meta-Analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2017 Mar 1;109(3):1-9. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djw230Mocellin S, Briarava M, Pilati P. Vitamin B6 and Cancer Risk: A Field Synopsis and Meta-Analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2017 Mar 1;109(3):1-9. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djw230Waldrop GL, Holden HM, St Maurice M. The enzymes of biotin dependent COВ metabolism: what structures reveal about their reaction mechanisms. Protein Sci. 2012 Nov;21(11):1597-619. doi: 10.1002/pro.2156Waldrop GL, Holden HM, St Maurice M. The enzymes of biotin dependent COВ metabolism: what structures reveal about their reaction mechanisms. Protein Sci. 2012 Nov;21(11):1597-619. doi: 10.1002/pro.2156Gholamalizadeh M, Behrad Nasab M, Ahmadzadeh M, et al. The association among calorie, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakewith colorectal cancer: A case-control study. Food SciNutr. 2022 Apr 20;10(5):1527-36. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.2775Gholamalizadeh M, Behrad Nasab M, Ahmadzadeh M, et al. The association among calorie, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakewith colorectal cancer: A case-control study. Food SciNutr. 2022 Apr 20;10(5):1527-36. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.2775Лиманова ОА, Громова ОА, Торшин ИЮ и др. Систематический анализ молекулярно-физиологических эффектов мио-инозитола: данные молекулярной биологии, экспериментальной и клинической медицины. Эффективная фармакотерапия. Акушерство и гинекология. 2013;28(3):32-41.Limanova OA, Gromova OA, Torshin IYu, et al. Systematic analysis of the molecular physiological effects of myo-inositol: data from molecular biology, experimental and clinical medicine. Effektivnaya farmakoterapiya. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya = Effective Pharmacotherapy. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2013;28(3):32-41 (In Russ.).Larner J. D-chiro-inositol – its functional role in insulin action and its deficit in insulin resistance. Int J Exp Diabetes Res. 2002;3(1):47-60. doi: 10.1080/15604280212528Larner J. D-chiro-inositol – its functional role in insulin action and its deficit in insulin resistance. Int J Exp Diabetes Res. 2002;3(1):47-60. doi: 10.1080/15604280212528Rapiejko PJ, Northup JK, Evans T, et al. G-proteins of fat-cells. Role in hormonal regulation of intracellular inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Biochem J. 1986 Nov 15;240(1):35-40. doi: 10.1042/bj2400035Rapiejko PJ, Northup JK, Evans T, et al. G-proteins of fat-cells. Role in hormonal regulation of intracellular inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Biochem J. 1986 Nov 15;240(1):35-40. doi: 10.1042/bj2400035Carlomagno G, Unfer V. Inositol safety: clinical evidences. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2011;15(8):931-6.Carlomagno G, Unfer V. Inositol safety: clinical evidences. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2011;15(8):931-6.Greff D, Juhasz AE, Vancsa S, et al. Inositol is an effective and safe treatment in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2023 Jan 26;21(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s12958-023-01055-zGreff D, Juhasz AE, Vancsa S, et al. Inositol is an effective and safe treatment in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2023 Jan 26;21(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s12958-023-01055-zGreenberg JA, Bell SJ, Guan Y, Yu YH. Folic Acid supplementation and pregnancy: more than just neural tube defect prevention. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Summer;4(2):52-9.Greenberg JA, Bell SJ, Guan Y, Yu YH. Folic Acid supplementation and pregnancy: more than just neural tube defect prevention. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Summer;4(2):52-9.Ward M. Homocysteine, folate, and cardiovascular disease. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2001 May;71(3):173-8. doi: 10.1024/0300-9831.71.3.173Ward M. Homocysteine, folate, and cardiovascular disease. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2001 May;71(3):173-8. doi: 10.1024/0300-9831.71.3.173Громова ОА, Торшин ИЮ. Роль фолиевой кислоты и цианкобаламина в профилактике патологии беременности и пороков развития плода. Методическое пособие для врачей. Ред. ВБ Спиричев. Москва: РСЦ Ин-та микроэлементов ЮНЕСКО; 2012. 38 с.Gromova OA, TorshinIYu. Rol' foliyevoy kisloty i tsiankobalamina v profilaktike patologii beremennosti i porokov razvitiya ploda. Metodicheskoye posobiye dlya vrachey [The role of folic acid and cyanocobalamin in the prevention of pregnancy pathologies and fetal malformations. Methodological manual for doctors]. Ed. VB Spirichev. Moscow: RSC Institute of Microelements UNESCO; 2012. 38 р. (In Russ.).Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Chang SC, Leitzmann MF, et al. Folate intake, alcohol use, and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(4):895-904.Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Chang SC, Leitzmann MF, et al. Folate intake, alcohol use, and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(4):895-904.Cole BF, Baron JA, Sandler RS, et al. Folic acid for the prevention of colorectal adenomas: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2007;297(21):2351-9.Cole BF, Baron JA, Sandler RS, et al. Folic acid for the prevention of colorectal adenomas: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2007;297(21):2351-9.Passarelli MN, Barry EL, Rees JR, et al. Folic acid supplementation and risk of colorectal neoplasia during long-term follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Oct 1;110(4):903-11. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz160Passarelli MN, Barry EL, Rees JR, et al. Folic acid supplementation and risk of colorectal neoplasia during long-term follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Oct 1;110(4):903-11. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz160Sabihi S, Vahedpoor Z, Saraf-Bank S, Nourian M. Effects of folate supplementation on recurrence and metabolic status of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 in overweight andobese women: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2022 May;76(5):666-70. doi: 10.1038/s41430-021-01022-0Sabihi S, Vahedpoor Z, Saraf-Bank S, Nourian M. Effects of folate supplementation on recurrence and metabolic status of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 in overweight andobese women: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2022 May;76(5):666-70. doi: 10.1038/s41430-021-01022-0Zargarzadeh N, Severo JS, Pizarro AB, et al. The Effects of Folic Acid Supplementation on Pro-inflammatory Mediators: a Systematic Review and DoseResponse Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Ther. 2021 Dec;43(12):e346-e363. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.10.002Zargarzadeh N, Severo JS, Pizarro AB, et al. The Effects of Folic Acid Supplementation on Pro-inflammatory Mediators: a Systematic Review and DoseResponse Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Ther. 2021 Dec;43(12):e346-e363. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.10.002Vollset SE, Clarke R, Lewington S, et al. Effects of folic acid supplementation on overall and site-specific cancer incidence during the randomised 22 trials: meta-analyses of data on 50,000 individuals. Lancet. 2013 Mar 23;381(9871):1029-36. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62001-7Vollset SE, Clarke R, Lewington S, et al. Effects of folic acid supplementation on overall and site-specific cancer incidence during the randomised 22 trials: meta-analyses of data on 50,000 individuals. Lancet. 2013 Mar 23;381(9871):1029-36. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62001-7Geijsen AJMR, Ulvik A, Gigic B, et al. Circulating Folate and Folic Acid Concentrations: Associations With Colorectal Cancer Recurrence and Survival. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2020 Jul 7;4(5):pkaa051. doi:10.1093/jncics/pkaa051Geijsen AJMR, Ulvik A, Gigic B, et al. Circulating Folate and Folic Acid Concentrations: Associations With Colorectal Cancer Recurrence and Survival. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2020 Jul 7;4(5):pkaa051. doi:10.1093/jncics/pkaa051Mortensen JH, Oyen N, Fomina T, et al. Supplemental folic acid in pregnancy and childhood cancer risk. Br J Cancer. 2016 Jan 12;114(1):71-5. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2015.446Mortensen JH, Oyen N, Fomina T, et al. Supplemental folic acid in pregnancy and childhood cancer risk. Br J Cancer. 2016 Jan 12;114(1):71-5. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2015.446Potter C, Moorman AV, Relton CL, et al. Maternal Red Blood Cell Folate and Infant Vitamin B(12) Status Influence Methylation of Genes Associated with Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018 Nov;62(22):e1800411. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201800411Potter C, Moorman AV, Relton CL, et al. Maternal Red Blood Cell Folate and Infant Vitamin B(12) Status Influence Methylation of Genes Associated with Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018 Nov;62(22):e1800411. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201800411Xiao Q, Freedman ND, Ren J, et al. Intakes of folate, methionine, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 with risk of esophageal and gastric cancer in a large cohort study. Br J Cancer. 2014 Mar 4;110(5):1328-33. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2014.17Xiao Q, Freedman ND, Ren J, et al. Intakes of folate, methionine, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 with risk of esophageal and gastric cancer in a large cohort study. Br J Cancer. 2014 Mar 4;110(5):1328-33. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2014.17Mesolella M, Iengo M, Testa D, et al. Chemoprevention using folic acid for dysplastic lesions of the larynx. Mol Clin Oncol. 2017 Nov;7(5):843-6. doi: 10.3892/mco.2017.1424Mesolella M, Iengo M, Testa D, et al. Chemoprevention using folic acid for dysplastic lesions of the larynx. Mol Clin Oncol. 2017 Nov;7(5):843-6. doi: 10.3892/mco.2017.1424Brown GM. The biosynthesis of folic acid. II. Inhibition by sulfonamides. J Biol Chem. 1962 Feb;237:536-40.Brown GM. The biosynthesis of folic acid. II. Inhibition by sulfonamides. J Biol Chem. 1962 Feb;237:536-40.Maki T, Takeda K. Benzoic Acid and Derivatives. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH; 2000. doi: 10.1002/14356007.a03_555. ISBN 3527306730Maki T, Takeda K. Benzoic Acid and Derivatives. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH; 2000. doi: 10.1002/14356007.a03_555. ISBN 3527306730Butcher NJ, Ilett KF, Minchin RF. Inactivation of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 by the hydroxylamine of p-aminobenzoic acid. Biochem Pharmacol. 2000 Dec 15;60(12):1829-36. doi: 10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00501-3Butcher NJ, Ilett KF, Minchin RF. Inactivation of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 by the hydroxylamine of p-aminobenzoic acid. Biochem Pharmacol. 2000 Dec 15;60(12):1829-36. doi: 10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00501-3Торшин ИЮ, Громова ОА. О неврологических функциях и синергизме витаминов B1, B6 и B12. Российский журнал боли. 2022;20(1):56-64. doi: 10.17116/pain20222001156Torshin IYu, Gromova OA. Neurological functions and synergism of vitamins B1, B6 and B12. Rossiyskiy zhurnal boli = Russian Journal of Pain. 2022;20(1):56-64. doi: 10.17116/pain20222001156 (In Russ.).Громова ОА, Стаховская ЛВ, Торшин ИЮ. О потенциальном противоопухолевом эффекте витамина B12. Российский журнал боли. 2017;(2):62-73.Gromova OA, Stakhovskaya LV, Torshin IYu. On the potential antitumor effect of vitamin B12. Rossiyskiy zhurnal boli = Russian Journal of Pain. 2017;(2):62-73 (In Russ).Volkov I. The master key effect of vitamin B12 in treatment of malignancy – a potential therapy? Med Hypotheses. 2008;70(2):324-8. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2007.05.029. Epub 2007 Jul 20.Volkov I. The master key effect of vitamin B12 in treatment of malignancy – a potential therapy? Med Hypotheses. 2008;70(2):324-8. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2007.05.029. Epub 2007 Jul 20.Arendt JF, Nexo E. Cobalamin related parameters and disease patterns in patients with increased serum cobalamin levels. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45979. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045979. Epub 2012 Sep 21.Arendt JF, Nexo E. Cobalamin related parameters and disease patterns in patients with increased serum cobalamin levels. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45979. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045979. Epub 2012 Sep 21.Ekmekcioglu C, Wallner P, Kundi M, et al. Red meat, diseases, and healthy alternatives: A critical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2018 Jan 22;58(2):247-61. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1158148Ekmekcioglu C, Wallner P, Kundi M, et al. Red meat, diseases, and healthy alternatives: A critical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2018 Jan 22;58(2):247-61. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1158148Zeng FF, Liu YT, Lin XL, et al. Folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and methionine intakes and risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Chinese adults: a matched case-control study. Br J Nutr. 2016 Jan 14;115(1):121-8. doi: 10.1017/S0007114515004146.Zeng FF, Liu YT, Lin XL, et al. Folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and methionine intakes and risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Chinese adults: a matched case-control study. Br J Nutr. 2016 Jan 14;115(1):121-8. doi: 10.1017/S0007114515004146.Matejcic M, de Batlle J, Ricci C, et al. Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Supplementation and the Risk of Cancer: Long-term Follow-up of the B Vitamins for the Prevention of Osteoporotic Fractures (B-PROOF) Trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2019 Feb;28(2):275-82. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-1198Matejcic M, de Batlle J, Ricci C, et al. Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Supplementation and the Risk of Cancer: Long-term Follow-up of the B Vitamins for the Prevention of Osteoporotic Fractures (B-PROOF) Trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2019 Feb;28(2):275-82. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-1198Oliai Araghi S, Kiefte-de Jong JC, van Dijk SC, et al. Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Supplementation and the Risk of Cancer: Long-term Follow-up of the B Vitamins for the Prevention of Osteoporotic Fractures (B-PROOF) Trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2019;28(2):275-82. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-1198Oliai Araghi S, Kiefte-de Jong JC, van Dijk SC, et al. Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Supplementation and the Risk of Cancer: Long-term Follow-up of the B Vitamins for the Prevention of Osteoporotic Fractures (B-PROOF) Trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2019;28(2):275-82. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-1198Silva NNT, Silva Santos AC, Carneiro CM, Lima AA. Association of serum folate and vitamin B12 with pre-neoplastic cervical lesions. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020 Aug;38:223-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.04.007Silva NNT, Silva Santos AC, Carneiro CM, Lima AA. Association of serum folate and vitamin B12 with pre-neoplastic cervical lesions. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020 Aug;38:223-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.04.007Wu W, Kang S, Zhang D. Association of vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and methionine with risk of breast cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 2013;109(7):1926-44.Wu W, Kang S, Zhang D. Association of vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and methionine with risk of breast cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 2013;109(7):1926-44.Sun NH, Huang XZ, Wang SB, et al. A dose-response meta-analysis reveals an association between vitamin B12 and colorectal cancer risk. Public Health Nutr. 2016;19(8):1446-56.Sun NH, Huang XZ, Wang SB, et al. A dose-response meta-analysis reveals an association between vitamin B12 and colorectal cancer risk. Public Health Nutr. 2016;19(8):1446-56.Stoffregen CC, Odin EA, Carlsson GU, et al. Reduced folate and serum vitamin metabolites in patients with rectal carcinoma: an open-label feasibility study of pemetrexed with folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation. Anticancer Drugs. 2016;27(5):439-46. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000000345Stoffregen CC, Odin EA, Carlsson GU, et al. Reduced folate and serum vitamin metabolites in patients with rectal carcinoma: an open-label feasibility study of pemetrexed with folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation. Anticancer Drugs. 2016;27(5):439-46. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000000345

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.