<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nnp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-2711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1342</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"IMA-Press", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/2074-2711-2023-6-128-134</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nnp-2149</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Choline alfoscerate in the correction of cognitive impairment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Холина альфосцерат в коррекции когнитивных нарушений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3726-0730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шавловская</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shavlovskaya</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Александровна </p><p>105062, Москва, Фурманный пер., 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Aleksandrovna Shavlovskaya</p><p>8, Furmannyy lane, Build. 2, Moscow 105062</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shavlovskaya@1msmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0874-2834</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романов</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanov</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>111675, Москва, ул. Дмитриевского, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>11, Dmitrievskogo St., Moscow 111675</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1640-1605</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бокова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bokova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2, Moscow 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АНО ВО «Международный университет восстановительной медицины»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>International University of Restorative Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сеть медицинских центров «МД-Клиник»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>“MD-Clinic” medical centers</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>128</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Shavlovskaya O.A., Romanov I.D., Bokova I.A., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шавловская О.А., Романов И.Д., Бокова И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shavlovskaya O.A., Romanov I.D., Bokova I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2149">https://nnp.ima-press.net/nnp/article/view/2149</self-uri><abstract><p>In preclinical and clinical studies, choline alfoscerate (CA) has proven to be highly effective in the correction of cognitive impairment (CI). The clinical effect of CA is seen in the improvement of mental activity, concentration, ability to remember and recall information, cognitive and behavioural responses, elimination of emotional instability and apathy. Experimental studies have shown the effectiveness of CA in preventing atrophic changes in the cerebral cortex. Based on several studies conducted on the use of CA in the treatment of CI, it can be concluded that oral administration of CA at a dose of 600 mg/day can be recommended both as monotherapy and as part of complex therapy in patients with cerebrovascular diseases such as chronic cerebral ischemia. As part of complex therapy for CI in Alzheimer's disease, a combination of CA at a dose of 1200 mg/day with donepezil at a dose of 10 mg/day may be recommended. Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of CA in the treatment of post-COVID and post-traumatic CI. The efficacy of CA administration in the treatment of CI (including vascular dementia) following ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attacks has been demonstrated. When CA is taken, there is also a reduction in anxiety and depressive disorders, asthenia, the severity of pain symptoms and changes in coordination. The duration of therapy should be 60 to 90 days, depending on the severity of CI, followed by an observation phase of up to 2 years. For successful treatment with CA, it is necessary to carry out repeated courses of CI treatment. Today, a new drug Cerpechol (600 mg/7 ml) has appeared on the Russian market, which has all the effects of CA. The convenience of the new form (oral solution) makes it possible to use it in patients with swallowing disorders.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В доклинических и клинических исследованиях холина альфосцерат (ХА) продемонстрировал высокую эффективность в коррекции когнитивных нарушений (КН). Клиническое действие ХА проявляется в улучшении умственной деятельности, концентрации внимания, способности запоминания и воспроизведения информации, познавательных и поведенческих реакций, устранении эмоциональной неустойчивости, апатии. В экспериментальных исследованиях показана эффективность ХА в предупреждении атрофических изменений в коре головного мозга. На основании ряда проведенных исследований применения ХА в терапии КН можно заключить, что пероральный прием ХА в дозе 600 мг/сут может быть рекомендован как в виде монотерапии, так и в составе комплексной терапии у пациентов с цереброваскулярными заболеваниями, такими как хроническая ишемия головного мозга. В составе комплексной терапии КН при болезни Альцгеймера может быть рекомендована схема назначения ХА в дозе 1200 мг/сут с донепезилом в дозе 10 мг/сут. В ряде исследований продемонстрирована эффективность ХА в терапии постковидных и посттравматических КН. Показана эффективность назначения ХА в терапии КН (в том числе сосудистой деменции) после перенесенного ишемического инсульта, транзиторных ишемических атак. На фоне приема ХА также отмечается уменьшение тревожно-депрессивных нарушений, проявлений астении, выраженности болевых симптомов и координаторных изменений. Длительность терапии должна составлять от 60 до 90 дней в зависимости от выраженности КН, с последующим периодом наблюдения за пациентом до 2 лет. Для успешной терапии ХА необходимо проводить повторные курсы лечения КН. Сегодня на российском рынке появился новый препарат Церпехол (600 мг/7 мл), обладающий всеми эффектами ХА. Удобство новой формы (раствор для приема внутрь) дает возможность использовать его пациентам с нарушением глотания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цереброваскулярные заболевания</kwd><kwd>хроническая ишемия головного мозга</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>деменция</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>холина альфосцерат</kwd><kwd>Церпехол</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cerebrovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>chronic cerebral ischemia</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>dementia</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer's disease</kwd><kwd>choline alfoscerate</kwd><kwd>Cerpechol</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья спонсируется компанией «Озон»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article has been supported by Ozon</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kansakar U, Trimarco V, Mone P, et al. Choline supplements: An update. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Mar 7;14:1148166. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1148166</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kansakar U, Trimarco V, Mone P, et al. Choline supplements: An update. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Mar 7;14:1148166. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1148166</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Derbyshire E, Obeid R, Schön C. Habitual Choline Intakes across the Childbearing Years: A Review. Nutrients. 2021 Dec 8;13(12):4390. doi: 10.3390/nu13124390</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Derbyshire E, Obeid R, Schön C. Habitual Choline Intakes across the Childbearing Years: A Review. Nutrients. 2021 Dec 8;13(12):4390. doi: 10.3390/nu13124390</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чугунов АВ, Пышкина ЛИ, Осмаева ЗХ. Коррекция постинсультных когнитивных и двигательных нарушений. РМЖ. Медицинское обозрение. 2020;4(9):584-9. doi: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-9-584-589</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chugunov AV, Pyshkina LI, Osmayeva ZKh. Correction of post-stroke cognitive and motor disorders. RMZh. Meditsinskoe obozrenie = RMJ. Medical Review. 2020;4(9):584-9. doi: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-9-584-589 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Парфенов ВА. Ведение пациентов с когнитивными нарушениями. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2023;15(1):97-102. doi: 10.14412/2074-2711-2023-1-97-102</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parfenov VA. Management of patients with cognitive impairment. Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2023;15(1):97-102. doi: 10.14412/2074-2711-2023-1-97-102 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ajenikoko MK, Ajagbe AO, Onigbinde OA, et al. Review of Alzheimer's disease drugs and their relationship with neuron-glia interaction. IBRO Neurosci Rep. 2022 Nov 19;14:6476. doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.11.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ajenikoko MK, Ajagbe AO, Onigbinde OA, et al. Review of Alzheimer's disease drugs and their relationship with neuron-glia interaction. IBRO Neurosci Rep. 2022 Nov 19;14:6476. doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.11.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jeong Yu H, Lin Kim Y, Jung Kim M, et al. The effect of choline alphoscerate on non spatial memory and neuronal differentiation in a rat model of dual stress. Brain Res. 2022 Jul 1;1786:147900. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147900. Epub 2022 Apr 6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jeong Yu H, Lin Kim Y, Jung Kim M, et al. The effect of choline alphoscerate on non spatial memory and neuronal differentiation in a rat model of dual stress. Brain Res. 2022 Jul 1;1786:147900. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147900. Epub 2022 Apr 6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Han SH, Chul Youn Y. Quantitative electroencephalography changes in patients with mild cognitive impairment after choline alphoscerate administration. J Clin Neurosci. 2022 Aug;102:42-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.06.006. Epub 2022 Jun 14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Han SH, Chul Youn Y. Quantitative electroencephalography changes in patients with mild cognitive impairment after choline alphoscerate administration. J Clin Neurosci. 2022 Aug;102:42-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.06.006. Epub 2022 Jun 14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amenta F, Carotenuto A, Fasanaro AM, et al. The ASCOMALVA (Association between the Cholinesterase Inhibitor Donepezil and the Cholinergic Precursor Choline Alphoscerate in Alzheimer's Disease) Trial: interim results after two years of treatment. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;42 Suppl 3:S281-8. doi: 10.3233/JAD-140150</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amenta F, Carotenuto A, Fasanaro AM, et al. The ASCOMALVA (Association between the Cholinesterase Inhibitor Donepezil and the Cholinergic Precursor Choline Alphoscerate in Alzheimer's Disease) Trial: interim results after two years of treatment. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;42 Suppl 3:S281-8. doi: 10.3233/JAD-140150</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Traini E, Carotenuto A, Fasanaro AM, Amenta F. Volume Analysis of Brain Cognitive Areas in Alzheimer's Disease: Interim 3-Year Results from the ASCOMALVA Trial. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;76(1):317-29. doi: 10.3233/JAD-190623</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Traini E, Carotenuto A, Fasanaro AM, Amenta F. Volume Analysis of Brain Cognitive Areas in Alzheimer's Disease: Interim 3-Year Results from the ASCOMALVA Trial. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;76(1):317-29. doi: 10.3233/JAD-190623</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carotenuto A, Fasanaro AM, Manzo V, et al. Association Between the Cholinesterase Inhibitor Donepezil and the Cholinergic</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carotenuto A, Fasanaro AM, Manzo V, et al. Association Between the Cholinesterase Inhibitor Donepezil and the Cholinergic Precursor Choline Alphoscerate in the Treatment of Depression in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep. 2022 May 23;6(1):235-43. doi: 10.3233/ADR-200269</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колыхалов ИВ, Гаврилова СИ. Пролонгированные эффекты холина альфосцерата у пациентов с синдромом мягкого когнитивного снижения амнестического типа. Тихоокеанский медицинский журнал. 2019;1(75):18-22. doi: 10.17238/PmJ16091175.2019.1.18-22</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolykhalov IV, Gavrilova SI. Prolonged alfoscerate effects in patients with the syndrome of amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Tikhookeanskii meditsinskii zhurnal = Pacific Medical Journal. 2019;1(75):18-22. doi: 10.17238/PmJ1609-1175.2019.1.18-22 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колыхалов ИВ, Андросова ЛВ, Гаврилова СИ. Клинико-иммунологические эффекты холина альфосцерата при лечении синдрома мягкого когнитивного снижения амнестического типа. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2022;122(112):5966. doi: 10.17116/jnevro202212211259</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolykhalov IV, Androsova LV, Gavrilova SI. Clinical and immunological effects of choline alfoscerate in the treatment of amnestic type mild cognitive impairment. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2022;122(112):59-66. doi: 10.17116/jnevro202212211259 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Селезнева НД, Колыхалов ИВ, Гаврилова СИ. Сравнительное проспективное мультидисциплинарное исследование эффективности холина альфосцерата в профилактике прогрессирования когнитивного дефицита у родственников пациентов с болезнью Альцгеймера. Психиатрия. 2020;18(1):6-15. doi: 10.30629/2618-6667-2020-18-1-6-15</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Selezneva ND, Kolykhalov IV, Gavrilova SI. A comparative prospective multidisciplinary research of efficiency of choline alphoscerate in prevention of cognitive deficiency progressing in relatives of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Psikhiatriya = Psychiatry. 2020;18(1):6-15. doi: 10.30629/2618-6667-2020-18-1-6-15 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zanon Zotin MC, Sveikata L, Viswanathan A, Yilmaz P. Cerebral small vessel disease and vascular cognitive impairment: from diagnosis to management. Curr Opin Neurol. 2021 Apr 1;34(2):246-57. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000913</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zanon Zotin MC, Sveikata L, Viswanathan A, Yilmaz P. Cerebral small vessel disease and vascular cognitive impairment: from diagnosis to management. Curr Opin Neurol. 2021 Apr 1;34(2):246-57. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000913</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith EE, Barber P, Field TS, et al. Canadian Consensus Conference on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia (CCCDTD)5: Guidelines for management of vascular cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2020 Nov 11;6(1):e12056. doi: 10.1002/trc2.12056</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith EE, Barber P, Field TS, et al. Canadian Consensus Conference on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia (CCCDTD)5: Guidelines for management of vascular cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2020 Nov 11;6(1):e12056. doi: 10.1002/trc2.12056</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salvadori E, Poggesi A, Donnini I, et al. Association of nimodipine and choline alphoscerate in the treatment of cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease: study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled trial-the CONIVaD trial. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020 Mar;32(3):449-57. doi: 10.1007/s40520-019-01229-z. Epub 2019 May 30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salvadori E, Poggesi A, Donnini I, et al. Association of nimodipine and choline alphoscerate in the treatment of cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease: study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled trial-the CONIVaD trial. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020 Mar;32(3):449-57. doi: 10.1007/s40520-019-01229-z. Epub 2019 May 30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salvadori E, Poggesi A, Donnini I, et al. Efficacy and Safety of the Association of Nimodipine and Choline Alphoscerate in the Treatment of Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. The CONIVaD Trial. Drugs Aging. 2021 Jun;38(6):481-91. doi: 10.1007/s40266-02100852-8. Epub 2021 Apr 15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salvadori E, Poggesi A, Donnini I, et al. Efficacy and Safety of the Association of Nimodipine and Choline Alphoscerate in the Treatment of Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. The CONIVaD Trial. Drugs Aging. 2021 Jun;38(6):481-91. doi: 10.1007/s40266-02100852-8. Epub 2021 Apr 15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Костенко ЕВ, Петрова ЛВ. Транзиторные ишемические атаки: их значимость в прогрессировании цереброваскулярных заболеваний и актуальные вопросы медицинской реабилитации. Медицинский совет. 2019;(9):22-30. doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2019-9-22-30</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kostenko EV, Petrova LV. Transient ischemic attacks: their importance in the progression of cerebrovascular diseases and topical issues of medical rehabilitation. Meditsinskii sovet = Medical Council. 2019;9:22-30. doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2019-9-22-30 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шишкова ВН, Малюкова НГ, Токарева РБ. Изучение эффективности препарата Церетон в комплексной нейрореабилитационной терапии. Лечебное дело. 2020;(1):55-62. doi: 10.24411/2071-5315-2020-12193</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shishkova VN, Malyukova NG, Tokareva RB. The study of Cereton efficacy in complex neurorehabilitation therapy. Lechebnoe delo. 2020;(1):55-62. doi: 10.24411/2071-5315-2020-12193 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Череващенко ЛА, Дадова ЛЮ, Цогоев АС и др. Физические факторы в медицинской реабилитации пациентов с хронической ишемией головного мозга на амбулаторном этапе. Вопросы курортологии, физиотерапии и лечебной физической культуры. 2022;99(6-2):12-8. doi: 10.17116/kurort20229906212</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cherevashchenko LA, Dadova LYu, Tsogoev AS, et al. Physical factors in the medical rehabilitation of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia in the outpatient stage. Voprosy kurortologii, fizioterapii i lechebnoi fizicheskoi kul'tury. 2022;99(6-2):12-8. doi: 10.17116/kurort20229906212 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Костенко ЕВ, Петрова ЛВ, Ганжула ПА и др. Комплексная реабилитация пациентов с посттравматической энцефалопатией с применением Церепро в амбулаторных условиях. Лечебное дело. 2013;(2):92-102. Доступно по ссылке: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=20452162</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kostenko EV, Petrova LV, Ganzhula PA, et al. Cerepro as a Part of Complex Rehabilitation of Outpatients with Posttraumatic Encephalopathy. Lechebnoe delo. 2013;(2):92-102. Available from: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=20452162 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Боголепова АН, Осиновская НА, Коваленко ЕА, Махнович ЕВ. Возможные подходы к терапии астенических и когнитивных нарушений при постковидном синдроме. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2021;13(4):88-93. doi: 10.14412/2074-2711-2021-4-88-93</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogolepova AN, Osinovskaya NA, Kovalenko EA, Makhnovich EV. Fatigue and cognitive impairment in post-COVID syndrome: possible treatment approaches. Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2021;13(4):88-93. doi: 10.14412/2074-2711-2021-4-88-93 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Инструкция по медицинскому применению лекарственного препарата Церпехол. Доступно по ссылке: https://ozonpharm.ru/catalog/tserpekhol/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Instructions for medical use of the drug Cerpechol. Available from: https://ozonpharm.ru/catalog/tserpekhol/ (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шавловская ОА. Опыт применения препарата Церетон (холин альфосцерат) в клинической практике. РМЖ. 2011;19(9):557-61. Доступно по ссылке: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=20168653</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shavlovskaya OA. Using experience medicine drug Cereton (choline alfoscerate) in clinical practice. RMZh. 2011;19(9):557-61. Available from: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=20168653 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
